养精种玉汤的现代研究进展

养精种玉汤临床多用于治疗各种不孕症、多囊卵巢综合征、月经过少、闭经溢乳综合征、体外受精-胚胎移植等疾病,疗效确切。但是记载养精种玉汤的古代文献资料较少,现代研究大部分是临床试验和基础实验研究,且存在一些不足:①有些临床试验缺乏中医辨证,治疗疾病未辨证而直接辨病论治;②缺少治疗后随访及远期疗效评价,对妊娠结局的随访亦未予以特定的描述,不便于对研究结果做进一步分析;③相关研究中应完善血清激素水平指标的监测,以增加研究结果的说服力;④大部分研究样本量偏少,影响统计学结果,降低了结果的可靠性;⑤该方的安全性研究仅仅停留在动物实验阶段。因此,今后的研究应以辨证论治为基础,增加样本量,完善相关激素水平的检测,关注随访结果,为临床用药安全性提供更可靠的依据。     

Is the anchor matter? A short-term follow-up of the effect of mini-invasive mid urethra sling without anchor for urinary incontinence women

ObjectiveStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disease in aged women, and some of them need surgical correction. Recently, the mid-urethral sling is an accepted surgical approach for SUI. However, complication may occur in this surgery, and some of them are needle-related. Therefore, the needleless system may diminish this-type complication.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the feasibility of women with SUI undergoing needleless sling surgery in 2017. Assessments were performed by two independent special urogynecologists before, during and post operation periods. We used a category-time-site-pain code following the International Continence Society and International Urogynecological Association (ICS/IUGA) Complication Classification Code (CCC) guidelines.ResultsThirty-eight women were analyzed. The characteristics of the patients were 66.3 ± 12.8 years old (mean ± standard deviation) of age, 2.8 ± 1.2 of parity, and 25.6 ± 4.2 kg/m² of body mass index. All had history of vaginal delivery for term. The objective cure rate at 2- and 4-week follow-up was 97.4% (n = 37) and 94.7% (n = 36), respectively. The subjective cure rate at 2- and 4-week follow-up was both 89.5% (n = 34). Both objective and subjective cure rates remained constant and similar to the end of 4 weeks. There were 6 patients (15.8%) who had complications according to ICS/IUGA CCC guidelines.ConclusionThis needleless mid-urethral sling procedure seemed to be feasible in the management of women with SUI in this small series and short-term follow-up study, suggesting that a further prospective, randomized, comparative study with other tension-free procedures and mini-sling systems can be conducted.     

Update on the differential diagnosis of gynecologic organ-related diseases in women presenting with ascites

In 2008, we published a review article entitled “Differential diagnosis of gynecologic organ-related diseases in women presenting with ascites” in the Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecololgy. Ascites might be the results of the physiological or pathological status, and the underlying mechanisms varied greatly in the different genders. The diagnostic challenge is frequently found in clinical practice. This review summarizes the recent knowledge and clinical practice for women presenting with ascites. Approach includes history, physical examination, laboratory examination, ultrasound, paracentesis and possible laparoscopy. Accurate and prompt diagnosis not only provides the better care and management but also diminishes the unnecessary psychological stress in women presenting with ascites.     

Factors Predicting Persistent Ectopic Pregnancy After Laparoscopic Salpingostomy or Salpingotomy for Tubal Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Study ObjectiveTo identify factors predictive of persistent ectopic pregnancy (PEP) in women who have undergone laparoscopic salpingostomy or salpingotomy for tubal pregnancy.DesignRetrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).SettingTertiary referral center.PatientsNinety-nine women who underwent laparoscopic tubal preservation surgery for ectopic pregnancy.InterventionsSeventy women underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy, and the remaining 29 women underwent laparoscopic salpingotomy.Measurements and Main ResultsFactors predicting PEP were evaluated. The change in serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels from baseline observed between postoperative days 5 and 10 (ChCGD5-10) was a predictor of PEP (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; p = .01). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cutoff value of 93.1% was determined, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.95 (sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 100%). Nonetheless, when considering perioperative variables only, body mass index (BMI) was identified as a predictor of PEP (OR, 0.71; p = .03). Based on the ROC analysis, a BMI cutoff value of ≤22 kg/m² was determined, with an ROC area of 0.73 (sensitivity, 43.2%; specificity, 100%). In addition, a higher baseline β-hCG level (hazard ratio [HR], 1.0002; p = .009) and left tubal pregnancy (HR, 6.46; p = .03) were predictive of recurrent ectopic pregnancy. There were no differences in the perioperative outcomes, PEP rates, or subsequent intrauterine pregnancy rates between the salpingostomy and salpingotomy groups. In addition, surgical method was not a predictor of recurrent ectopic pregnancy.ConclusionsChCGD5-10 was identified as a predictor for PEP, suggesting that it might be more clinically useful for the follow-up of PEP. When considering perioperative variables only, BMI was a predictor for PEP. In addition, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the salpingostomy and salpingotomy groups.     

Predictors of Obstetric Fistula Repair Outcomes in Lubango,Angola

ObjectiveObstetric fistulas have a significant physical and social impact on many women in Angola. The majority of the population of this sub-Saharan African nation does not have access to high-quality obstetric care, and this is associated with a risk of prolonged labour and formation of obstetric fistulas. Fistulas are challenging to correct surgically and may require repeated operations. The objective of the study was to determine predictors of successful obstetric fistula repair.MethodsIn this retrospective study, data from all recorded cases of fistula repair performed between July 2011 and December 2016 at the Centro Evangélico de Medicina do Lubango (CEML) hospital located in Lubango, Angola, were reviewed. Analysis of the data was carried out to determine factors affecting the success of fistula repair; parametric and non-parametric tests were used for group comparisons and logistic regression for outcome prediction (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).ResultsA total of 407 operations were performed on 243 women. Of these, 224 women were diagnosed with a vesicovaginal fistula and 19 with a combined vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula. The success rate for the attempted repairs was 42%. On multivariate analysis, the success of first surgery was negatively affected by the difficulty of repair (odds ratio 0.28; P < 0.01). For patients requiring repeat surgery, the odds of success were increased with each subsequent operation (odds ratio 5.32; P < 0.01).ConclusionAlthough fistulas rated as difficult to repair had a higher likelihood of initial failure, successive attempts at repair increased the likelihood of a successful outcome.     

The Effectiveness of Tranexamic Acid at Reducing Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirement for Women Undergoing Myomectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BackgroundThe surgical removal of fibroids can be associated with excessive blood loss requiring transfusion.ObjectiveThis review sought to determine the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TA) in reducing perioperative blood loss in women undergoing myomectomy.MethodsElectronic bibliographic databases were searched from inception until June 3, 2017. The review included RCTs of women of reproductive age with uterine fibroids who were undergoing myomectomy and who received TA or a comparator. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data, and meta-analysis was performed.ResultsThree studies included women undergoing abdominal myomectomy. TA significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss by a mean difference of 213.1 mL (95% CI ?242.4 to ?183.7) and postoperative blood loss by a mean difference of 56.3 mL (95% CI ?67.8 to ?44.8) compared with control arms. However, no significant differences were seen in blood transfusion requirement (relative risk 0.58; 95% CI 0.33–1.00). In one study for women undergoing hysteroscopic myomectomy, TA was not associated with improved outcomes in transfusion requirement and resulted in reduced postoperative hemoglobin levels compared with oxytocin.ConclusionAmong women undergoing abdominal myomectomy, TA is effective at reducing perioperative blood loss compared with no treatment or placebo. For women undergoing hysteroscopic myomectomy, TA compared with oxytocin is not associated with improved outcomes in transfusion requirement and resulted in reduced postoperative hemoglobin levels.     

从毓麟珠与温土毓麟汤对比看中医“毓麟”思想的发展

毓麟珠与温土毓麟汤分别出自《景岳全书》和《傅青主女科》,虽名称相近易混,但不尽相同。病机上二者同中有异,毓麟珠以脾肾立论,温土毓麟汤病机拓展到心、肾、脾、胃;理法上亦有交集,毓麟珠阴中求阳、脾肾双补,治疗多种原因导致的不孕症,而温土毓麟汤重温补命门兼补脾气,对不孕症孕前、孕期及胎萎不长的用法均有记载,两方用法均不拘泥于特定病种;从影响上看,"毓麟"二方体现了从明代至清代中医妇科学发展从"脾肾"到"心肝脾肾"的发展历程,并与现代中医妇科学的发展一脉相承。