Consensus recommendations on altered sensory functioning in Phelan-McDermid syndrome

Altered sensory functioning is often observed in individuals with SHANK3 related Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). Compared to typically developing individuals and individuals with an autism spectrum disorder, it has been suggested that there are distinctive features of sensory functioning in PMS. More hyporeactivity symptoms and less hyperreactivity and sensory seeking behaviour are seen, particularly in the auditory domain. Hypersensitivity to touch, possible overheating or turning red easily and reduced pain response are often seen.In this paper the current literature on sensory functioning in PMS is reviewed and recommendations for caregivers, based on consensus within the European PMS consortium, are given.     

食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理指南的质量评价

目的 对食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理相关指南及专家共识进行质量评价,并汇总相关推荐意见,为制订食管癌患者围放疗期营养护理实践标准提供参考.方法 计算机检索国内外指南网、 相关学会网站及数据库中关于食管癌患者围放疗期营养管理的相关指南及专家共识,检索时限为建库至2020年4月28日.采用标准的质量评价工具对指南及专家共识进...     

我国药品上市后重点监测相关问题的探讨

摘 要为加强我国药品上市后监管力度,保障药品安全,国家食品药品监督管理总局于2011年正式提出了开展重点监测的要求,并于2013年进一步制定了《生产企业药品重点监测工作指南》（征求意见稿）。该指南对我国药品重点监测这一新制度的含义、内容、责任主体、程序、标准等进行了初步规定,以指导药品生产企业规范开展重点监测工作,保障重点监测制度的顺利实施。重点监测制度目前尚处于起步阶段,各界理解存在差异,通过对指南内容进行解读,对重点监测实施中可能存在的相关问题进行探讨,有助于更好地达到重点监测工作的目的和预期效果。     

指南及专家共识在住院医规培中的重要性

本文讲述了探索与完善心血管专业住院医师规范化培训具体培训实施内容及标准的重要性,临床指南与专家共识无论对心血管内科专业医师还是规范化培训的住院医师都具有十分重要的作用,因此在住院医师规范化培训中应该引入国内外临床指南与专家共识的详细讲述。中国医科大学附属盛京医院心内科在住院医师规范化培训中,总结出讲解心血管专业临床指南与专家共识的具体培训内容与方法,取得良好效果。     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎临床诊疗指南(2020)

坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是新生儿尤其是早产儿的严重胃肠道疾病,其发病率和病死率高.存活的患儿可能遗留消化系统和神经系统后遗症.因此,防治NEC对提高新生儿存活率及生存质量具有重大意义.该指南基于目前国内外相关研究,采用证据推荐分级评估、制定与评价方法(GRADE),制定NEC临床诊疗循证指南,旨在为NEC的诊断和防治...     

衰弱老年人管理循证指南的质量评价

目的评价国内外衰弱老年人管理相关的循证指南,分析各指南的特点,为国内开展衰弱老年人管理的实践提供参考。方法系统检索国内外权威指南网站、中英文数据库以及老年学医学专业学会网站中老年人衰弱管理的相关指南,检索时限为建库至2018年10月。采用临床研究与评估工具对符合纳入、排除标准的指南进行质量评价,并分析各指南的特点。结果共检索出3篇循证指南,质量评价的6个领域的平均标准化得分分别为:范围和目的97.5%,参与人员68.5%,严谨性65.3%,清晰性95.7%,应用性68.7%,编辑的独立性61.1%,指南总体质量评价为1篇A级,2篇B级。结论国内外衰弱老年人管理的循证指南数量较少,指南的总体质量有待提高,内容有待细化,国内有待形成本土的循证指南,指导衰弱老年人管理实践的开展。     

Analysis of Characteristics and Mortality in Cardiac Arrest Patients by Hospital Level: a Nationwide Population-based Study

BackgroundSurvival and post-cardiac arrest care vary considerably by hospital, region, and country. In the current study, we aimed to analyze mortality in patients who underwent cardiac arrest by hospital level, and to reveal differences in patient characteristics and hospital factors, including post-cardiac arrest care, hospital costs, and adherence to changes in resuscitation guidelines.MethodsWe enrolled adult patients (≥ 20 years) who suffered non-traumatic cardiac arrest from 2006 to 2015. Patient demographics, insurance type, admission route, comorbidities, treatments, and hospital costs were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service database. We categorized patients into tertiary hospital, general hospital, and hospital groups according to the level of the hospital where they were treated. We analyzed the patients'' characteristics, hospital factors, and mortalities among the three groups. We also analyzed post-cardiac arrest care before and after the 2010 guideline changes. The primary end-point was 30 days and 1 year mortality rates.ResultsThe tertiary hospital, general hospital, and hospital groups represented 32.6%, 49.6%, and 17.8% of 337,042 patients, respectively. The tertiary and general hospital groups were younger, had a lower proportion of medical aid coverage, and fewer comorbidities, compared to the hospital group. Post-cardiac arrest care, such as percutaneous coronary intervention, targeted temperature management, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, were provided more frequently in the tertiary and general hospital groups. After adjusting for age, sex, insurance type, urbanization level, admission route, comorbidities, defibrillation, resuscitation medications, angiography, and guideline changes, the tertiary and general hospital groups showed lower 1-year mortality (tertiary hospital vs. general hospital vs. hospital, adjusted odds ratios, 0.538 vs. 0.604 vs. 1; P < 0.001). After 2010 guideline changes, a marked decline in atropine use and an increase in post-cardiac arrest care were observed in the tertiary and general hospital groups.ConclusionThe tertiary and general hospital groups showed lower 30 days and 1 year mortality rates than the hospital group, after adjusting for patient characteristics and hospital factors. Higher-level hospitals provided more post-cardiac arrest care, which led to high hospital costs, and showed good adherence to the guideline change after 2010.     

Threshold and non-threshold chemical carcinogens: A survey of the present regulatory landscape

For the proper regulation of a carcinogenic material it is necessary to fully understand its mode of action, and in particular whether it demonstrates a threshold of effect. This paper explores our present understanding of carcinogenicity and the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenic response. The concepts of genotoxic and non-genotoxic and threshold and non-threshold carcinogens are fully described. We provide summary tables of the types of cancer considered to be associated with exposure to a number of carcinogens and the available evidence relating to whether carcinogenicity occurs through a threshold or non-threshold mechanism. In light of these observations we consider how different regulatory bodies approach the question of chemical carcinogenesis, looking in particular at the definitions and methodologies used to derive Occupational Exposure Levels (OELs) for carcinogens. We conclude that unless proper differentiation is made between threshold and non-threshold carcinogens, inappropriate risk management measures may be put in place - and lead also to difficulties in translating carcinogenicity research findings into appropriate health policies. We recommend that clear differentiation between threshold and non-threshold carcinogens should be made by all expert groups and regulatory bodies dealing with carcinogen classification and risk assessment.     

Do Poison Center Guidelines Adversely Affect Patient Outcomes as Triage Referral Values Increase?

Abstract

Background.?The purpose of this study was to determine whether patient outcomes were adversely affected as healthcare referral values increased for two common poisonings: acute, unintentional acetaminophen (APAP) poisonings and acute, unintentional iron (Fe) poisonings. We hypothesized that symptom rates would increase with high referral values. Methods.?Qualifying 1997 exposures were separated by substance (APAP or Fe) and then further stratified into three healthcare referral value ranges. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were totaled for each stratum. Expected vs. observed distributions of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients across triage referral strata for a given substance and treatment location were compared using chi‐square test for independence. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the distribution of patients across referral strata for home vs. healthcare facility locations for a specific substance. Results.?There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of symptomatic patients within referral value strata for APAP or for Fe. There was also no difference in distribution of symptomatic patients across strata when comparing home vs. healthcare facility for APAP and Fe. Conclusion.?Referral values as high as 201 mg/kg for APAP and 61 mg/kg for Fe do not appear to adversely affect patient outcomes.