Long-Term Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists and Add-Back in Adolescent Endometriosis

Study Objective

To explore the potential occurrence of long-term side effects and tolerability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) plus 2 different add-back regimens in adolescent patients with endometriosis.

The continuum of high ovarian response: a rational approach to the management of high responder patient subgroups

Abstract

Ovarian follicular responsiveness to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with gonadotropins is extremely variable between individual patients, and even from cycle to cycle for the same patient. High responder patients are characterized by an exaggerated response to gonadotropin administration, accompanied by a higher risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). In spite of its importance, the literature regarding high responders is characterized by heterogeneous classification methodologies. A clear separation should be drawn between risk factors for a high ovarian response and the actual response exhibited by a patient to stimulation. Similarly, it is important to distinguish between high ovarian response and development of clinically significant OHSS. In this article we: (1) review recent publications pertaining to the identification and clinical management of high responders, (2) propose an integrated clinical model to differentiate sub-groups within this population based on this review, and (3) suggest specific protocols for each sub-group. The model is based on a chronological patient assessment in an effort to target treatment based on the specific clinical circumstances. It is our hope that the algorithm we have developed will assist clinicians to supply targeted and precise treatments in order to achieve a favorable reproductive outcome with minimum complications for each patient.     

两种不同治疗方案对70例多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者的治疗效果研究

目的 探讨多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI)技术辅助生育时不同的降调节方案对于助孕治疗结局的影响。方法 纳入2016年10月～2018年2月在我院生殖中心助孕治疗的70例多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕女性作为研究对象,根据控制性超促排卵(COS)所应用的降调节方案的不同将患者随机分为两组：长效长方案组(A组)35例,经典长方案组(B组)35例。A组降调节是于早卵泡期注射长效GnRHa,B组降调节是于黄体中期使用短效GnRHa。对比研究两组方案的刺激天数(Gn天数)、以及促性腺激素使用的总剂量(Gn量)、HCG扳机日子宫内膜厚度、激素水平、取卵后的获成熟卵率(MII卵率)、优质胚胎率、移植后的种植率、临床妊娠率及全胚胎冷冻率。结果 (1)两组比较A组的Gn量和优胚率高于B组,HCG扳机日雌二醇、孕酮水平低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)两组的Gn天数、HCG扳机日的子宫内膜厚度、获成熟卵率、种植率以及临床妊娠率相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 长效长方案较经典长方案可以达到充分降调节的目的,抑制了黄体生成素(LH)峰在超促排卵前及过程中的出现,可以提高多囊卵巢综合征患者的优胚率、降低HCG扳机日孕酮水平,改善其妊娠结局,可以成为多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者控制性超促排卵的一个理想选择。     

减少GnRHa剂量对长方案促排卵卵巢反应性的影响

目的:探讨减少GnRHa剂量对长方案促排卵的卵巢反应性影响。方法:对37例采用长方案进行促排卵且第一周期未妊娠或流产的患者进行自身对照研究,第一个周期GnRHa用量为0.05mg/d,第二个周期GnRHa用量为0.03mg/d。结果:Gn使用天数、Gn用量、受精率第一、第二促排卵周期间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。获卵数、可移植胚胎数第二周期组较第一周期组显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:本研究认为在长方案促排卵过程中减少GnRHa的剂量可以增加获卵数,改善卵巢反应性,增加IVF妊娠率。     

Empty follicle syndrome after GnRHa triggering versus hCG triggering in COS

Purpose  

This study aimed to explore the incidence of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) in oocyte donors who had final oocyte maturation triggered with GnRHa and to compare the incidence of EFS in this group of patients with IVF patients who had final oocyte maturation with hCG.     

Low-dose danazol after combined surgical and medical therapy reduces the incidence of pelvic pain in women with moderate and severe endometriosis.

The most effective therapy for endometriosis is a matter for debate. The aim of the present randomized study was to evaluate the efficacy of low doses of danazol on recurrence of pelvic pain in patients with moderate or severe endometriosis, who had undergone laparoscopic surgery and 6 months of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) therapy. After surgery, 28 patients with moderate or severe endometriosis underwent therapy for 6 months with GnRHa i. m. every 4 weeks. They were then randomized into two groups: group A (14 subjects) was treated with 100 mg/day danazol for 6 months; group B (14 subjects, control) did not receive any type of therapy. After 12 months of treatment, group A had a significantly (P < 0.01) lower pain score than group B. There was no significant difference between the groups in oestrogen concentrations, bone mineral density or side-effects. The results suggest that low-dose danazol therapy reduces recurrence of pelvic pain in patients with moderate or severe endometriosis, treated surgically, and has few or no metabolic side-effects.     

Long-term follow-up of children born after inadvertent administration of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist in early pregnancy.

Our objective was to evaluate long-term outcome of children born after inadvertent administration of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in early pregnancy, compared to a control group of children born to matched women undergoing in-vitro fertilization and children born after spontaneous pregnancies. Six children from six pregnancies, exposed to a long-acting gonadotrophin agonist, comprised the study group and 20 children were included in the control groups. Pre-, peri- and postnatal data were collected and the children were followed and examined at a mean age of 7.8 +/- 2.0 years. All children underwent physical and neurological examination, and psychological tests. In the study group, one child was born with a major congenital malformation (cleft palate), and four children subsequently demonstrated neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including epileptic disorder (n = 1), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 3), motor difficulties (n = 3) and speech difficulties (n = 1). In the control groups, one child had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This observation of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in four of six children in the study group justifies the need for long-term follow-up of more children previously exposed to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist.     

GnRHa治疗中枢性男性性早熟的疗效分析

目的观察促性腺激素释放激素类似物（GnRHa）对中枢性男性性早熟（CPP）男孩的第二性征、身高、骨龄、体重指数、预测身高等指标的影响。方法对28例中枢性男性性早熟男孩给予GnRHa治疗,辅以有氧运动,对治疗前后的第二性征、身高、骨龄、体重指数、预测身高、终身高等指标进行评价分析。结果治疗前身高（HT）（147．5±5．9）cm,预测身高（PAH）（164．8±5．4）cm,治疗1年后HT（154．3±6．0）cm,PAH（168．8±6．2）em,2年后HT（158．1±4．8）cm,PAH（172．2±6．5）cm;性激素水平（T、E2、LH、FSH）回至青春前期,睾丸有所缩小;骨龄受抑,骨龄的标准差分值（HtSDSBA）由原来的（-1．6±0．6）增至1年后的（-1．1±0．7）（P〈0．01）;2年后增至（-0．7±0．7）（P〈0．01）。结论GnRHa能有效改善中枢性男性性早熟的终身高,且无明显不良反应。