人参皂甙对老龄大鼠Meynert核及大脑皮质脑源性神经营养因子含量的影响

目的观察Meyaert核（NBM）与大脑皮质神经元内脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的老龄性改变,探讨人参皂甙对BDNF蛋白含量表达的影响.方法雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为青年组、老龄组及老龄给药组.老龄给药组大鼠自18个月开始饲以人参皂甙至27月龄.对各组NBM及大脑皮层神经元进行免疫组织化学法染色、图像分析及统计学处理.结果老龄组大鼠NBM及大脑皮质内BDNF含量均显著低于青年组（P＜0.01）.给药组大脑皮质内BDNF含量较老龄组显著增加（P＜0.01）,但NBM内BDNF含量变化无统计学意义.结论老龄大鼠NBM及大脑皮质内BDNF含量显著降低,给予人参皂甙可显著提高大脑皮质神经元BDNF的表达.     

加压溶剂提取-高效薄层扫描法测定三七中皂苷类成分

目的：建立加压溶剂提取-高效薄层扫描法测定三七中皂苷类成分含量的方法。方法：采用加压溶剂提取三七中皂苷类成分，高效薄层扫描进行含量测定，使用高效薄层板、半自动点样、自动展开，10％硫酸乙醇液显色，光密度扫描，测定波长534am，参比波长700nm。结果：人参皂苷Rb1、Rd、Rg1和三七皂苷R1的线性范围为：0．402～2．010,μg(r=0．9995)；0．154～1．275,μg(r=0．9965)；0．198～1．980,μg(r=0．9998)和0．156～1．400,μg(r=0．9978)，回收率在95．3～99．3％之间。结论：高效薄层扫描法可同时测定三七中的人参皂苷Rb1、Rd、Rg1和三七皂苷R1。     

维肝福泰片中人参皂苷Rg1的HPLC测定

目的: 建立维肝福泰片中人参皂苷Rg1的含量测定方法.方法: HPLC法,流动相:乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液(20.5∶79.5)为流动相;检测波长为203 nm;柱温40 ℃.结果: 人参皂苷Rg1线性范围为0.32～3.82 μg,平均回收率99.1%,RSD为2.4%.结论: 方法可靠,简单可行,为控制维肝福泰片的内在质量提供了科学依据.     

人参皂苷和丹参注射液对犬食管大剂量辐射损伤的影响

目的:研究人参皂苷和丹参注射液对对一次性大剂量高能电子线照射的犬食管的辐射保护作用,寻找高效低毒的正常组织辐射保护剂。方法:选择12只健康杂种犬,随机分为3组,每组4只,全麻状态下实施开胸手术,并给予高能电子线20 GY局部一次性照射肺门。药物治疗组开胸照射前分别给予人参皂苷腹腔内注射(25mg/kg体重)及丹参注射液静脉注射(0.5mL/kg体重)。照射前、照射后3天、1周及2周测定外周血循环内皮细胞数量,进行硬质食管内窥镜观察食管黏膜改变并活检,同时用激光多普勒血流仪(LDF)测定食管黏膜微血流。术后第15天处死犬,对照射段食管进行常规光镜及电镜检查。结果:单纯开胸照射犬:体重,术前(17.4±0.7)kg,术后(14.4±0.7)kg;LDF值,术前52.4±11.1,术后3天64.9±11.2,术后2周43.8±9.1,CEC,术前0～1,术后2周10±1.83,血管染色,黏膜下微血管10μm,周围散在红细胞,血管染色深。光镜检查发现黏膜糜烂、充血、部分脱失。电镜下细胞器肿胀明显,线粒体空泡化,内质网脱颗粒。人参皂苷组犬,体重,术前(17.3±0.8)kg,术后(18.4±0.6)kg LDF值,术前50.1±10.5,术后3天45.6±5.7,术后2周47.4±7.4;CEC计数,术前0.25±0.5,术后2周3±0.96;黏膜下微血管管径,术前4～6μm,术后8μm,光镜下细胞结构改变轻微,电镜检查发现内皮细胞细胞器改变,但较对照组明显减轻。丹参组犬,上达各项指标与对照组相似。结论:提前给予人参皂苷能够减轻大剂量高能电子线辐射对犬食管的损伤,丹参注射液未观察到相似作用。     

人参皂苷Rg1对6-OHDA所致MES23.5神经细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1对6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA) 所致MES23.5神经细胞损伤的保护作用.方法 MES23.5细胞常规培养,观察人参皂苷Rg1预处理对6-OHDA毒性作用的影响,MTT法观察细胞存活率,实时荧光半定量反转录聚合酶链反应(real time RT-PCR)观察酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和Bcl-2基因的表达情况.结果 6-OHDA 可剂量依赖性地损伤MES23.5细胞(F=71.24,P<0.01),人参皂苷Rg1预处理可对抗6-OHDA的毒性作用(F=14.63,P<0.01);6-OHDA可明显降低TH和Bcl-2基因的表达,人参皂苷Rg1预处理可明显逆转上述改变(F=9.80、15.34,P<0.01).结论 人参皂苷Rg1可明显对抗6-OHDA对MES23.5神经细胞的损伤,其作用机制可能与抗凋亡有关.     

人参茎叶总皂甙对遗传物质损伤的修复作用及其时间效应

本研究通过微核试验证明：给小鼠腹腔注射丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）后，再给予人参茎叶总皂甙（ｇｉｎｅｓｅｎｏｓｉｄｅｓＧＮＳｉ．ｇｏｒｉ．Ｐ），可明显降低０．５、１．００ｍｇ／ｋｇＭＭＣ诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率；时间效应试验证明；在诱变剂作用前，给予小鼠ＧＮＳ，降低微核细胞率效果更好，以作用４８ｈ效果最佳。     

New staining methodology: Eastern blotting for glycosides in the field of Kampo medicines

Ginsenosides separated by silica gel TLC blotted to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane treated with a NaIO₄ solution followed by bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted in a ginsenoside–BSA conjugate on a PVDF membrane. The blotted spot were stained by antiginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) and Rg1 (GRg1) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The newly established immunostaining method, Eastern blotting, was applied for the determination of ginsenosides possessing protopanaxadiol and/or protopanaxatriol in the Kampo medicines. In this method, we developed a new way to separate the ginsenoside molecule into two functional parts using a simple and well-known chemical reaction. The sugar parts were oxidized by sodium periodate to give dialdehydes, which reacted with amino groups of the protein and covalently bound to the adsorbent PVDF membrane. The MAb bound to the aglycone part of the ginsenoside molecule for immunostaining. Double staining of Eastern blotting for ginsenosides using anti-GRb1 and GRg1 MAbs promoted complete identification of ginsenosides in Panax species. This method was validated for immunocytolocalization of ginsenosides in fresh ginseng root. In addition, Eastern blotting for the detection of glycyrrhizin (GC) was also investigated. GC can be clearly determined by Eastern blotting in the Glycyrrhiza species. It is also possible for GC in rat serum to be surveyed by Eastern blotting by simple pretreatment as a further application.     

Phytochemical and analytical studies of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is distributed throughout the southwest of China, Burma and Nepal. The root of this plant, called notoginseng or sanchi, has a long history of use as a remedy in Oriental traditional medicine. Modern studies have found that extracts and compounds from notoginseng exert various physiological effects. The active constituents are mainly recognized as saponins. In this review, we summarized the discovery and analysis of chemical constituents in notoginseng. Fifty-six saponins from notoginseng were isolated and elucidated. All of them are dammarane saponins, 35 of which can be classified as belonging to the protopanaxadiols group, and 21 as belonging to the protopanaxatriols group. Evidence from phytochemical studies on notoginseng demonstrated that no oleanane-type saponin, which exists in Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), was found. Other types of compounds such as non-protein amino acids, polyacetylenes, phytosterols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, many of which have pharmacological activities, were also isolated from notoginseng. Analytical studies on notoginseng were carried out based on botanical and phytochemical advances. In the qualitative studies, identification of the herbal materials and extracts was the main objective. The utilization of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and molecular biological methods made the identification accurate and efficient. Spectral, chromatographic and immunoassay methods were used for the quantitative analysis. HPLC methods are the main authority regarding the determination of saponins and other types of constituents. The chromatographic conditions and detectors employed in the HPLC are discussed.     

西洋参药材高效液相色谱法指纹图谱的研究

目的建立西洋参药材的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)指纹图谱。方法采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统分析不同产地西洋参药材的HPLC,建立西洋参指纹图谱分析指标。结果确立了国产和进口西洋参指纹图谱的技术参数,确定18个共有峰;不同产地西洋参药材指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱(R)的相似度均大于0.85。结论该方法建立的西洋参药材HPLC指纹图谱,为药材鉴别和品质评价、质量控制、制定质量标准提供依据。