Endoscopy-Related Bleeding and Thromboembolic Events in Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Vitamin K Antagonists

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Morphological imaging and CT histogram analysis to differentiate pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor grade 3 from neuroendocrine carcinoma

PurposeTo compare morphological imaging features and CT texture histogram parameters between grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (G3-NET) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC).Materials and methodsPatients with pathologically proven G3-NET and NEC, according to the 2017 World Health Organization classification who had CT and MRI examinations between 2006-2017 were retrospectively included. CT and MRI examinations were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus and analyzed with respect to tumor size, enhancement patterns, hemorrhagic content, liver metastases and lymphadenopathies. Texture histogram analysis of tumors was performed on arterial and portal phase CT images. images. Morphological imaging features and CT texture histogram parameters of G3-NETs and NECs were compared.ResultsThirty-seven patients (21 men, 16 women; mean age, 56 ± 13 [SD] years [range: 28-82 years]) with 37 tumors (mean diameter, 60 ± 46 [SD] mm) were included (CT available for all, MRI for 16/37, 43%). Twenty-three patients (23/37; 62%) had NEC and 14 patients (14/37; 38%) had G3-NET. NECs were larger than G3-NETs (mean, 70 ± 51 [SD] mm [range: 18 - 196 mm] vs. 42 ± 24 [SD] mm [range: 8 - 94 mm], respectively; P = 0.039), with more tumor necrosis (75% vs. 33%, respectively; P = 0.030) and lower attenuation on precontrast (30 ± 4 [SD] HU [range: 25-39 HU] vs. 37 ± 6 [SD] [range: 25-45 HU], respectively; P = 0.002) and on portal venous phase CT images (75 ± 18 [SD] HU [range: 43 - 108 HU] vs. 92 ± 19 [SD] HU [range: 46 - 117 HU], respectively; P = 0.014). Hemorrhagic content on MRI was only observed in NEC (P = 0.007). The mean ADC value was lower in NEC ([1.1 ± 0.1 (SD)] × 10⁻³ mm²/s [range: (0.91 - 1.3) × 10⁻³ mm²/s] vs. [1.4 ± 0.2 (SD)] × 10⁻³ mm²/s [range: (1.1 - 1.6) × 10⁻³ mm²/s]; P = 0.005). CT histogram analysis showed that NEC were more heterogeneous on portal venous phase images (Entropy-0: 4.7 ± 0.2 [SD] [range: 4.2-5.1] vs. 4.5 ± 0.4 [SD] [range: 3.7-4.9]; P = 0.023).ConclusionPancreatic NECs are larger, more frequently hypoattenuating and more heterogeneous with hemorrhagic content than G3-NET on CT and MRI.     

Esophageal Surveillance Practices in Esophageal Atresia Patients: A Survey by the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network

IntroductionEndoscopic surveillance guidelines for patients with repaired esophageal atresia (EA) rely primarily on expert opinion. Prior to embarking on a prospective EA surveillance registry, we sought to understand EA surveillance practices within the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network (EPSN).MethodsAn anonymous, 23-question Qualtrics survey was emailed to 181 physicians (surgeons and gastroenterologists) at 19 member institutions. Likert scale questions gauged agreement with international EA surveillance guideline-derived statements. Multiple-choice questions assessed individual and institutional practices.ResultsThe response rate was 77%. Most respondents (80%) strongly agree or agree that EA surveillance endoscopy should follow a set schedule, while only 36% claimed to perform routine upper GI endoscopy regardless of symptoms. Many institutions (77%) have an aerodigestive clinic, even if some lack a multi-disciplinary EA team. Most physicians (72%) expressed strong interest in helping develop evidence-based guidelines.ConclusionsOur survey reveals physician agreement with current guidelines but weak adherence. Surveillance methods vary greatly, underscoring the lack of evidence-based data to guide EA care. Aerodigestive clinics may help implement surveillance schedules. Respondents support evidence-based protocols, which bodes well for care standardization. Results will inform the first multi-institutional EA databases in the United States (US), which will be essential for evidence-based care.Level of EvidenceThis is a prognosis study with level 4 evidence.     

中西医结合消化科临床实习带教方法的探讨

中西医结合消化内科临床实习带教面临着若干问题.本文从临床实习带教中认识到这些问题,并且探讨解决这些问题的策略,从而对目前中西医结合消化科临床实习带教工作有所帮助.     

Photodynamic therapy of tumours in gastroenterology—a review

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the local destruction of tissue by the interaction of light with a previously administered photosensitizer producing a photochemical effect. This technique has been demonstrated to permit the eradication of small tumours in experimental and clinical practice, with clear biological advantages. This paper reviews PDT experience in gastroenterology, together with concepts currently under experimental investigation.     

中国科技期刊如何进入国际信息检索系统

以被多种国际著名信息检索系统收录的World Journal of Gastroenterology（WJG）杂志的发展历程为样例。探讨如何提高中国出版的科技期刊被国际信息系统收录的命中率，提高期刊的国际地位和知名度，更好地促进与国际的学术交流。     

层级培训模式对消化内科实习护士业务水平的提高评价

目的研究分析层级培训模式在消化内科实习护士带教中的应用对护士业务水平的提高评价。方法选取于在2019年1月—2020年1月在消化内科实习的78名护士作为该次调查的对象,采用随机方法将该次参与研究的实习护士分为对照组以及实验组,每组39名。该次调查中对照组采用传统带教模式,实验组采用层级培训模式。观察对照组、实验组实习护士临床护理能力。结果实验组实习护士的带教总平均成绩为(86.67±4.3)分明显高于对照组实习护士总平均成绩(66.13±5.7)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组实习护士对带教的满意率为94.87%明显高于对照组实习护士满意率71.79%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.477,P<0.05);带教护士对实验组实习护士的满意率为97.44%高于对照组满意率为69.23%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=11.169,P<0.05)。结论针对消化内科实习护士的带教采用层级培训模式可以有效提高护士的业务水平,提高实习护士临床护理能力,并且提高实习护士与带教护士对彼此双方的满意率。     

消化系统疾病的研究进展

上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院消化学科在“211”二期项目建设成果的基础上,经过5年三期建设的努力,除在原有优势项目如对消化系肿瘤发生与诊治和慢性肝病诊治的研究取得了诸多成效外,还开辟了小肠疾病诊治研究的新领域.建设期间,系统研究了消化系肿瘤(胃癌和大肠癌)发生的分子机制、早期诊断和综合预防,特别是表观遗传修饰(DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、micro RNA等)与信号通路在消化系肿瘤发生和发展中的作用；建立胶囊内镜和双气囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断中的关键技术,从而提高小肠疾病的诊断率,探索并开拓了小肠内镜诊断应用的新途径,使小肠内镜在我国得到普及和推广,并对血管发育不良所致不明原因消化道出血进行临床创新性治疗及其机制探索；建立了慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝纤维化非创诊断模型,同时系统阐述并证实了核苷类抗病毒药及氧化苦参碱等在抑制纤维化及减缓疾病进展中的作用和机制.以上研究成果获得两项国家科技进步二等奖,并进入“国家临床重点专科(消化内科)”和“国家临床重点专科(卫生部重点实验室)”建设行列,学科总体水平得以显著提高.     

Acute upper extremity flaccid paralysis in a 5 year old child secondary to enterovirus infection

The incidence of acute flaccid paralysis has been on a declining trend with the global efforts on eradication of polio virus. A few scattered clusters of acute flaccid paralysis associated with pathogens like enterovirus other than polio virus and flaviviruses have recently come to limelight. This is a case of acute onset flaccid paralysis of left upper extremity in a fully immunized 5 year old child in New York.