Seven Hormonal Biomarkers for Diagnosing Endometriosis: Meta-Analysis and Adjusted Indirect Comparison of Diagnostic Test Accuracy

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of different hormonal biomarkers and to find the most effective hormonal biomarker for the diagnosis of endometriosis.Data SourcesWe conducted a systematic search using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China Biomedical Literature to identify relevant studies from the first day of databases to August 2018.Methods of Study SelectionTwo independent reviewers screened for study eligibility and extracted data. Random controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of hormonal markers for endometriosis were included.Tabulation, Integration, and ResultsWe included 17 studies that involved 1279 participants and evaluated 7 hormonal biomarkers. The pooled sensitivity and specificity in endometriosis were .79 (.71, .86) and .89 (.82, .94) for aromatase, .30 (.18, .46) and .80 (.65, .90) for human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor, .75 (.66, .83) and .47 (.34, .60) for estrogen receptor (ER)-α, .65 (.56, .74) and .68 (.55, .80) for ER-β, .45 (.38–.52) and .92 (.85–.97) for serum prolactin, .69 (.51, .83) and .30 (.16, .49) for estrogen sulfotransferase, and .73 (.60–.84) and .48 (.33–.63) for 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17βHSD2). Compared with human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor, ER-α, ER-β, estrogen sulfotransferase, and 17βHSD2, aromatase had a higher sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio. The specificities of aromatase and serum prolactin were comparable, but the sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio, and positive likelihood ratio of serum prolactin were much lower than that of aromatase.ConclusionAromatase may be an excellent diagnostic test for endometriosis. However, because of the moderate quality of the included studies and the limited sample size, this result requires more research to validate. (PROSPERO registration number: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018105126.)     

江苏省曼氏迭宫绦虫宿主感染调查

目的　了解江苏省曼氏迭宫绦虫宿主感染情况，为曼氏裂头蚴病防控提供科学依据。方法　2018—2019年在江苏省随机抽取9个县（市、区）作为调查点。各调查点随机抽取100名常规健康体检者作为调查对象，进行曼氏迭宫绦虫血清学及病原学检查；在野外环境中调查猫、犬等终宿主及剑水蚤等中间宿主曼氏迭宫绦虫感染情况。结果　江苏省9个调查点人群曼氏迭宫绦虫感染率均为0（0/900），血清抗曼氏裂头蚴IgG抗体阳性率为1.22%（11/900）；中间宿主剑水蚤原尾蚴阳性率为0.33%（3/900），猫、犬等终宿主粪检曼氏迭宫绦虫虫卵阳性率为1.48%（2/135）。结论　江苏省自然环境中存在曼氏迭宫绦虫感染，应加强曼氏裂头蚴病危害和感染途径的健康教育。     

Lack of effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against pneumococcal carriage density in Papua New Guinean infants

BackgroundPapua New Guinea (PNG) introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2014, with administration at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. PCV13 has reduced or eliminated carriage of vaccine types in populations with low pneumococcal carriage prevalence, carriage density and serotype diversity. This study investigated PCV13 impact on serotype-specific pneumococcal carriage prevalence, density, and serotype diversity in PNG infants, who have some of the highest reported rates of pneumococcal carriage and disease in the world.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs were collected at 1, 4 and 9 months of age from PCV13-vaccinated infants (n = 57) and age-/season-matched, unvaccinated infants (at approximately 1 month, n = 53; 4 months, n = 57; 9 months, n = 52). Serotype-specific pneumococcal carriage density and antimicrobial resistance genes were identified by qPCR and microarray.ResultsPneumococci were present in 89% of swabs, with 60 different serotypes and four non-encapsulated variants detected. Multiple serotype carriage was common (47% of swabs). Vaccine type carriage prevalence was similar between PCV13-vaccinated and unvaccinated infants at 4 and 9 months of age. The prevalence of non-vaccine type carriage was also similar between cohorts, with non-vaccine types present in three-quarters of samples (from both vaccinated and unvaccinated infants) by 4 months of age. The median pneumococcal carriage density was high and similar at each age group (~7.0 log₁₀ genome equivalents/mL). PCV13 had no effect on overall pneumococcal carriage density, vaccine type density, non-vaccine type density, or the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes.ConclusionPNG infants experience dense and diverse pneumococcal colonisation with concurrent serotypes from 1 month of age. PCV13 had no impact on pneumococcal carriage density, even for vaccine serotypes. The low prevalence of vaccine serotypes, high pneumococcal carriage density and abundance of non-vaccine serotypes likely contribute to the lack of PCV13 impact on carriage in PNG infants. Indirect effects of the infant PCV programs are likely to be limited in PNG. Alternative vaccines with broader coverage should be considered.     

Short-term outcomes of robotic-assisted right colectomy compared with laparoscopic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted right colectomy (RRC) with conventional laparoscopic right colectomy (LRC) by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published studies. All published literature for comparative studies reporting preoperative outcomes of RRC and LRC were searched. We searched the databases included Cochrane Library of Clinical Comparative Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) from 1973 to 2018. The censor date was up to January 2018. Operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, conversion rates to open surgery, postoperative complications, and related outcomes were evaluated. All calculations and statistical tests were performed using Stata 12.0 software. A total of 7769 patients with colon cancer enrolled in 13 trials were divided into a study group (n = 674) and a control group (n = 7095). Meta-analysis suggested significantly greater length of hospital stay in the LRC group [MD = ?0.85; 95% CI: ?1.07 to ?0.63; P < 0.00001]. Robotic surgery was also associated with a significantly lower complication rate [OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.01; P = 0.05]. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in estimated blood loss [MD = ?16.89; 95% CI: ?24.80 to ?8.98; P < 0.00001] and the rate of intraoperative conversion to open surgery [OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.75; P = 0.008)], but these differences were not clinically relevant. The recovery of bowel function in two groups is no significant differences [MD = ?0.58, 95% CI: ?0.96 to ?0.20, P = 0.0008]. However, operation times [MD = 43.61, 95% CI: 39.11 to 48.10, P < 0.00001] were longer for RRC than for LRC. Compared to LRC, RRC was associated with reduced estimated blood loss, reduced postoperative complications, longer operation times. Recovery of bowel function and other perioperative outcomes were equivalent between the two surgeries.     

Correlation study of increase of pharyngeal airway space after mandibular advancement,taking natural head position into consideration

The increase in the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular advancement has not been well explained, and in this study we aimed to show whether there is a correlation in the increase of pharyngeal airway space as a consequence of the mandibular advancement or of the relative change between the mandibular position and the natural head position (NHP). Fifteen patients who had bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement with or without genioplasty were studied retrospectively. The primary variables of mandibular position, NHP, and pharyngeal airway space were measured in three dimensions using preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomographic datasets and were compared using the paired t test. The secondary variable of pharyngeal airway space was defined as the square root of the mean cross-sectional area (CSA^1/2) of the pharyngeal airway space. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to find out whether there was a correlation between the change in CSA^1/2 and the change in mandibular position, or the relative change between the mandibular position and the NHP. Volumes and minimal cross-sectional areas were increased in the pharyngeal airway space, and lengths of airways decreased. Correlation existed only between the increase in CSA^1/2 and the relative change between the mandibular position and NHP. The increase in pharyngeal airway space after mandibular advancement correlated with the relative changes between the mandibular position and the NHP.     

Chevron osteotomy versus scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus correction: A meta-analysis

BackgroundThis study intended to investigate the optimal surgical strategy in hallux valgus (HV), and to provide a basis for clinical treatment of HV.MethodsStudies related to chevron osteotomy and scarf osteotomy for HV were enrolled from online databases. Hallux valgus angle (HVA) was the main outcome variable. Enrolled studies included posttreatment data for intermetatarsal angle (IMA), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and complications. A random-effects model was applied for significant heterogeneity. Otherwise, a fixed-effects model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed with Q test and I² statistics. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test. Based on the influence of weighted mean difference values or odds ratios, a sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsFour studies including 384 subjects were evaluated to determine the optimal surgical strategy for HV. There was no statistically significant difference between chevron and scarf groups for HVA, IMA, AOFAS score, and complication rates. Sensitivity analysis showed good stability. The likelihood of publication bias was small.ConclusionThe effects of chevron osteotomy and scarf osteotomy for HV are comparable. Chevron osteotomy is less technically demanding.     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation,Reliability, and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 Among Patients Who Have Undergone Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) has been well characterized in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the reliability and validity of the TSK-11 for Chinese-speaking patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thus, the objectives of this study were to translate and adapt the TSK-11 cross-culturally into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity in a sample of Chinese TKA patients.MethodsThe TSK-11 was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Chinese according to the international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The Chinese version of TSK-11 was administered to 254 patients following their TKA, along with the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Psychometric testing included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects, construct validity, and convergent validity.ResultsA high completion rate of 95.8% with no floor or ceiling effects was noted in the Chinese version of the TSK-11. The questionnaire also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.883) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.798). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, and 3 factors were extracted that accounted for 65.2% of the variance. Convergent validity was confirmed by significant Pearson correlations between the Chinese version of the TSK-11 and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (r = 0.751), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (r = 0.719) and VAS (r = 0.450), as well as the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey subdomains Bodily Pain (r = ?0.391), Mental Health (r = ?0.356), Physical Functioning (r = ?0.339), Role-Emotional (r = ?0.317), and Role-Physical (r = ?0.277).ConclusionThe Chinese version of the TSK-11 demonstrated satisfactory acceptability, reliability, and validity; therefore, it can be used in clinical practice and research for assessing kinesiophobia in Chinese patients after TKA.     

2018—2019年度河北省城市结直肠癌筛查结果分析CSCD

目的分析2018—2019年河北省城市癌症早诊早治项目结直肠癌筛查结果。方法按照河北省城市癌症早诊早治中结直肠癌筛查流程,在石家庄市和唐山市选定社区中年龄40~74岁的当地居民,通过问卷调查后采用国家统一评估模型评估出高危人群,进一步通过结肠镜检查,发现早期结直肠病变,必要时通过病理进行确诊。结果 2018—2019年度,河北省城癌项目共计37849人完成结直肠癌危险因素问卷调查,评估结直肠癌高危人群6938例,总体高危率为18.33%。其中共有1230人参加了结肠镜检查,并完成病理检查465例(37.80%)。进行病理诊断者年龄主要分布在50~64岁。经结肠镜检查及病理诊断,共检出6例(0.49%)结直肠癌患者,其中结肠癌4例(0.33%)、直肠癌2例(0.16%)。结直肠癌癌前病变190例(15.45%),非进展期腺瘤/息肉250例(20.33%),炎性反应性肠道疾病168例(13.66%)。结论开展人群结肠镜筛查可以有效检出结直肠癌和癌前病变,实现结直肠癌的早期发现、早期诊断和早期干预。