重症超声指导儿童脓毒性休克液体复苏的临床意义

目的研究重症超声指导儿童脓毒性休克液体复苏的临床意义。方法将泉州市儿童医院2018年6月-2019年6月间收治的78例脓毒性休克患儿纳为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其均分为常规组(常规体液复苏,n=39)与观察组(重症超声指导下体液复苏,n=39),观察两组治疗效果。结果治疗12h后,两组患儿中心静脉压(central venous pressure CVP)显著上升(P<0.05),心率(heart rate,HR)显著下降(P<0.05),平均动脉压(meanarterial pressure,MAP)无显著性改变(P>0.05),两组CVP.HR,MAP水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗12h后,两组中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2)显著上升(P<0.05),乳酸(Lac)及中心静脉二氧化碳分压(Pv-aCO2)水平显著下降(P<0.05),两组治疗12h后ScvO2、Lac及Pv-aCO2水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与常规组相比,观察组血管活性药物使用频率、剂量均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),其机械通气时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组ICU入住时间、总住院时间、7d及28 d死亡率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论重症超声能准确指导脓毒症性休克患儿液体复苏,有利于临床诊治。     

Can runners maintain a newly learned gait pattern outside a laboratory environment following gait retraining?

BackgroundPrevious peak tibial shock gait retraining programs, which were usually conducted on a treadmill, were reported to be effective on impact loading reduction in runners. However, whether the trained runners can translate the training effect at different running modes (treadmill/overground), or running slopes (uphill/downhill), remains unknown.Research questionIs the training effect from a treadmill-based gait retraining translatable to unconstrained running conditions, including overground and uphill/downhill running?MethodsThe peak tibial shock was measured during treadmill/overground running, as well as level/uphill/downhill running before and after a course of treadmill-based gait retraining. The 8-session training aimed to soften footfalls using real-time biofeedback of tibial shock data. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect of training, running mode, and running slope, on a group level. Reliable change index of each participant was used to assess the individual response to the training protocol used in this study.ResultsEighty percent of the participants were responsive to the gait retraining and managed to reduce their peak tibial shock following training. They managed to translate the training effect to treadmill slope running (Level: p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.65; Uphill: p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.91; Downhill: p < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 1.29) and overground level running (p = 0.014, Cohen’s d = 0.85). However, their peak tibial shock were not reduced during overground slope running (Uphill: p = 0.054; Cohen’s d = 0.62; Downhill p = 0.12; Cohen’s d = 0.48).SignificanceOur findings indicated that a newly learned gait pattern may not fully translate to running outside of the laboratory environment.     

基于"心肺交互"的无创循环监测指标评估容量反应性研究进展

基于"心肺交互"的动态血流动力学指标是目前指导液体复苏的金标准,但这些指标的监测往往通过有创方法且操作较复杂。近年来,随着每搏连续无创血压监测系统(continuous non-invasive arterial pressure,CNAP)、血流动力学监测系统和超声测量血流动力学指标等无创手段在临床的出现,这些指标在容量治疗中的应用开辟了新的前景。文章描述了CNAP和超声测量的基于"心肺交互"的动态血流动力学指标及其评估患者容量反应性的临床应用。两种手段在临床上的应用存在一定的争议。CNAP评估患者容量反应性是临床液体治疗的新趋势,但其应用条件有限,故目前不提倡完全采用无创的方法来指导液体治疗。但是,其可以作为有创监测的补充,帮助临床医师进行正确的液体管理,减少不良事件的发生。     

Responsiveness of the urban primary health care delivery system in Bangladesh: A comparative analysis

This study analyses the responsiveness of outpatient care to assess the quality of urban primary health care among all 5 types of health care providers in Bangladesh, namely, the Urban Primary Health Care Services Delivery Project, the NGO Health Services Delivery Project (NHSDP), NGOs, private hospitals, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW). Other than some public‐private comparisons, there is an absolute knowledge gap regarding responsiveness in urban health systems, particularly in the context of Bangladesh, and this gap motivates this study. The study used primary data collected from 810 randomly selected outpatients. The survey used a structured questionnaire on all 7 domains of responsiveness of outpatient care suggested by the World Health Organization. The estimated mean responsiveness score reveals that overall, approximately 33% of the patients rated the responsiveness of the system as poor. In reported responsiveness, the NHSDP was ranked at the top and the MOHFW at the bottom. The latter is quite expected. Overall, prompt attention and autonomy were the worst‐performing domains, and choice of provider, dignity, and clear communication were the better‐performing ones. The results suggest the need to improve the degree of responsiveness of all domains, especially those that are more concerned with access to health care, namely, prompt attention, dignity, clear communication, and confidentiality. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare facilities should give additional consideration to promote prompt attention, autonomy, and quality of basic amenities. Private facilities should also provide additional stress on improving prompt attention and autonomy. The nontherapeutic quality of health care needs to be emphasized in the medical education system. Further research based on household surveys could be worthwhile to measure responsiveness more comprehensively.     

Comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of Lactated Ringer’s versus Normal Saline for acute pancreatitis

IntroductionFluid resuscitation is the keystone of treatment for acute pancreatitis. Though clinical guidelines and expert opinions agree on large volume resuscitation, debate remains on the optimal fluid type. The most commonly used fluids are Lactated Ringer's (LR) and Normal Saline (NS), but the studies published to date comparing LR vs NS yield conflicting results. We aimed to identify and quantitatively synthesize existing high quality data of the topic of fluid type or acute pancreatitis resuscitation.MethodsIn collaboration with the study team, an information specialist performed a comprehensive literature review to identify reports addressing type of fluid resuscitation. Studies were screened using the Covidence system by two independent reviewers in order to identify Randomized controlled trials comparing LR versus NS. The main outcome was the development of moderately severe or severe pancreatitis and additional outcomes included local complications, ICU admission, and length of stay. Pooled odds ratios were estimated using the random effects model and standardized mean difference to compare continuous variables.ResultsWe reviewed 7964 abstracts and 57 full text documents. Four randomized controlled trials were identified and included in our meta-analyses. There were a total of 122 patients resuscitated with LR versus 126 with NS. Patients resuscitated with LR were less likely to develop moderately severe/severe pancreatitis (OR 0.49; 95 % CI 0.25–0.97). There was no difference in development of SIRS at 24 or 48 h or development of organ failure between the two groups. Patients resuscitated with LR were less likely to require ICU admission (OR 0.33; 95 % CI 0.13–0.81) and local complications (OR 0.42; 95 % CI 0.2–0.88). While there was a trend towards shorter hospitalizations for LR (SMD -0.18, 99 % CI -0.44-0.07), it was not statistically significant.ConclusionResuscitation with LR reduces the development of moderately severe-severe pancreatitis relative to NS. Nevertheless, no difference in SIRS development or organ failure underscores the need for further studies to verify this finding and define its mechanism.