Association between reactogenicity and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine

High vaccine reactogenicities may reflect stronger immune responses, but the epidemiological evidence for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is sparse and inconsistent. We observed that a fever of ≥38℃ after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine was associated with higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike IgG titers.     

Modification of the vaccine manufacturing process improves the pyrogenicity profile of inactivated influenza vaccines in young children

Background

There were increased reports of fevers and febrile reactions in young children (particularly children aged <5?years) receiving the Seqirus/CSL Southern Hemisphere 2010 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3). Modifying the vaccine manufacturing process by increasing the minimum concentration of splitting agent (sodium taurodeoxycholate [TDOC]) from 0.5% w/v to 1.5% w/v for all strains resolved this issue. The current analysis compared fever rates in three pediatric studies of Seqirus IIV3 (S-IIV3) or quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (S-IIV4), prepared using the modified manufacturing process, with fever rates in three pediatric studies of historical (pre-2010) IIV3 formulations. The historical IIV3 formulations, S-IIV3, and S-IIV4 had 0/3, 2/3, and 4/4 vaccine strains split at 1.5% TDOC, respectively.

颅脑创伤术后非感染性发热的原因分析与处理

目的分析颅脑创伤（TBI）开颅术后非感染性发热的原因，探讨其诊治措施。 方法收集广州医科大学附属第六医院脑外科自2016年5月至2019年7月行TBI开颅术后非感染性发热的23例患者的病例资料，对其发热原因及相应临床特点进行分析。 结果TBI开颅术后23例患者出现非感染性发热，其中吸收热3例，中枢性发热3例，植物神经功能紊乱2例，无菌性脑膜炎7例，皮下积液2例，假性囊肿1例，脑脊液漏3例，药物源性发热2例，经治疗后好转。 结论TBI开颅术后非感染性发热的原因复杂，应针对不同原因采取个体化的治疗措施。     

The roles of prostaglandin E2 and D2 in lipopolysaccharide-mediated changes in sleep

When living organisms become sick as a result of a bacterial infection, a suite of brain-mediated responses occur, including fever, anorexia and sleepiness. Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a common constituent of bacterial cell walls, increases body temperature and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in animals and induces the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs). PGE₂ is the principal mediator of fever, and both PGE₂ and PGD₂ regulate sleep–wake behavior. The extent to which PGE₂ and PGD₂ are involved in the effect of LPS on NREM sleep remains to be clarified. Therefore, we examined LPS-induced changes in body temperature and NREM sleep in mice with nervous system-specific knockouts (KO) for the PGE₂ receptors type EP₃ or EP₄, in mice with total body KO of microsomal PGE synthase-1 or the PGD₂ receptor type DP, and in mice treated with the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor meloxicam. We observed that LPS-induced NREM sleep was slightly attenuated in mice lacking EP₄ receptors in the nervous system, but was not affected in any of the other KO mice or in mice pretreated with the COX inhibitor. These results suggest that the effect of LPS on NREM sleep is partially dependent on PGs and is likely mediated mainly by other pro-inflammatory substances. In addition, our data show that the main effect of LPS on body temperature is hypothermia in the absence of nervous system EP₃ receptors or in the presence of a COX inhibitor.     

Forecasting respiratory infectious outbreaks using ED-based syndromic surveillance for febrile ED visits in a Metropolitan City

Background

Monitoring and detecting sudden outbreaks of respiratory infectious disease is important. Emergency Department (ED)-based syndromic surveillance systems have been introduced for early detection of infectious outbreaks. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a forecasting model of respiratory infectious disease outbreaks based on a nationwide ED syndromic surveillance using daily number of emergency department visits with fever.

COVID - 19流行期间基于信息系统上报的27 455名发热就诊病例资料分析

目的 分析COVID - 19流行期间，济南市发热门诊重点对象健康管理系统报告的发热就诊病例的流行病学特征，为疾病预防与控制提供参考。方法 对济南市发热门诊重点对象健康管理系统报告的27 455发热门诊就诊病例的流行病学、临床表现、来院/离院方式、流向等资料进行描述分析。结果 自2月5日系统创建启用至3月5日，共报告27 455发热就诊人次，男女性别比1.25∶1。年龄中位数29岁，其中1岁儿童最多，以5岁以内、20～39岁人群居多。来院、离院方式均以非公共交通工具为主，其中自驾占来院方式60.46%，离院49.33%。就诊者以发热为主诉占74.09%。重复就诊病例2 422人，占发热就诊总病例数的8.82%。男性重复就诊比例高于女性，重复就诊者年龄中位数高于非重复就诊者。是否重复就诊患者的最终流向分布也不同（P＜0.05）。发热就诊病例中发现常见法定报告传染病76例，COVID - 19病例11例。结论 COVID - 19流行期间建立的发热门诊重点对象健康管理系统报告的发热就诊病例以儿童、中青年居多，来院/离院方式以非公共交通工具为主。该系统对包含COVID - 19在内的以发热、咳嗽为主诉的呼吸道传染病预警具有一定价值。     

Parents’ experiences and information needs related to childhood fever: A systematic review

ObjectiveTo synthesize current evidence about experiences and information needs of parents/caregivers managing pediatric fever.MethodsWe used systematic review methodology with an a priori protocol. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, from 2000 to May 2018.ResultsWe included thirty-six studies (n = 29 quantitative, n = 7 qualitative; 15,727 participants). Quantitative data contained four themes; 1) caregivers seek information about pediatric fever, 2) low knowledge is coupled with misconceptions and anxiety, 3) fever assessment and management practices vary, 4) demographic factors (e.g., ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, education) influence information needs and health practices. Qualitative data contained three themes; 1) tension between logic and emotion, 2) responsibility contrasted with sense of vulnerability, 3) seeking support and information to build confidence.ConclusionParents often overestimate the risks associated with pediatric fever and struggle to make decisions during a child’s febrile illness — leading to caregiving actions that may not reflect current clinical recommendations. Parents seek knowledge about how to care for a febrile child at home and what indicators should prompt them to seek medical attention.Practice ImplicationsIn addition to providing clear, reliable information, interventions that address educational, pragmatic, and emotional domains may be effective in supporting parents.     

基于变蒸学说的婴幼儿变蒸热研究

婴幼儿变蒸学说是中医对婴幼儿生长发育现象认识的一种学说,反映婴幼儿自出生至576日的生长发育过程。笔者在深入研究50余种儿科经典古籍以及部分综合性古医籍基础上,认为构成变蒸学说的主体框架由“变蒸热”及“规律性变蒸热”两部分构成。“变蒸热”是指变蒸时期婴幼儿体温升高,临床表现为四肢发热或为微热或为壮热;而“规律性变蒸热”是指婴幼儿完成变蒸时经历的10余次发热。“规律性发热”在古代文献中所指时间亦不完全一致,主要以32天为一个周期者居多。变蒸热的高低以及周期性长短与婴幼儿体质关系密切,因此提示对于变蒸热以及发热规律的研究需要结合婴幼儿体质进行,对变蒸热以及发热规律的探讨分析为进一步研究变蒸学说奠定了重要基础。