逐级减压套扎法治疗胃底静脉曲张临床观察

目的比较逐级减压套扎法与硬化剂治疗胃底静脉曲张的疗效差异,以期为临床提供参考。方法选择萍乡市第二人民医院消化内科2018年9月～2019年3月收治的胃底静脉曲张病例80例,随机分为两组,每组各40例,治疗组采取逐级减压套扎治疗。对照组采用传统硬化剂注射法治疗。治疗结束后比较两组患者治疗有效率、并发症发生情况、静脉曲张消除率及再出血率。结果 (1)治疗后,治疗组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)两组间并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。(3)首次治疗后治疗组静脉曲张消除率高于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。全部患者随访3个月,治疗组再出血率低于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论逐级减压套扎法革新手术方式明显提高疗效,减少复发率,减轻患者负担,具有明显的实用性和先进性,值得在医疗机构推广,尤其是在基层医院,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Quality of life after hemifacial spasm surgery: French versions of the HFS-8 and HFS-30 questionnaires

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess quality of life before and after surgery for hemifacial spasm, in order to validate two specific quality of life scales translated in French. Surgical results and complications were reported.Material and methodsTwenty-three patients with hemifacial spasm treated by microvascular decompression were retrospectively included. The HFS-8 and HFS-30 quality of life scales were translated from English into French using a forward-backward method and implemented on patients at least one year after surgery.ResultsMedian HFS-8 and HFS-30 values were respectively 16 ± 12.5 (range: 8–20.5) and 38 ± 38.5 (range: 23–61.5) before surgery and 0.5 ± 4.5 (range: 0–4.5) and 5 ± 17.5 (range: 1–18.5) after surgery, showing significant improvement in quality of life (P < 0.001). The internal consistency of both scales was excellent (Cronbach's alpha > 0.9), and they were significantly correlated (Pearson coefficient = 0.95; 95% CI [0.91; 0.98]; P < 0.0001). Success rates were 83% and 91%, respectively, after primary and revision surgeries. Complications were transient with minor consequences in 80% of cases, but could impact quality of life when lasting.ConclusionsThese results support the validity of the French versions of HFS-8 and HFS-30. Microvascular decompression is a safe and effective treatment for hemifacial spasm, and these scales are reliable tools to assess postoperative quality of life.     

显微血管减压术治疗舌咽神经痛的临床疗效分析

目的探讨显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗舌咽神经痛(GPN)的安全性及远期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析39例行显微血管减压术治疗的舌咽神经痛患者的临床资料。所有患者均采用乙状窦后-幕下入路进行显微血管减压手术,术后定期随访。结果所有患者术后早期疗效显著,随访时间为1~9年,平均为4.9年。随访过程中1例患者术后2年出现舌咽神经痛症状复发,1例患者术后1.5年舌咽神经痛症状部分复发。术后出现声音嘶哑及吞咽困难患者4例、脑脊液漏患者1例,均在随访过程中恢复。结论显微血管减压术是治疗舌咽神经痛安全有效且远期效果良好的方法,术前影像学检查对于责任血管的判断有重要意义。     

Hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous recurrent perforating artery: A case report

IntroductionWhen the culprit vessel in hemifacial spasm (HFS) is hard to determine, this is a challenge in microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery. In such a situation, small arteries such as perforators to the brainstem might be suspected. But small arteries are omnipresent near the facial nerve root exit/entry zone (fREZ). How to decide whether a given small artery is responsible for HFS is unclear.MethodWe report a case with a previously unreported form of neurovascular impingement, in which the culprit was found to be the recurrent perforating artery (RPA) from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). An aberrant anatomic configuration of the RPA was found intraoperatively, which we thought was responsible for generating focal pressure on the facial nerve.Case reportA 62-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of paroxysmal but increasingly frequent twitching in her right face. MRI showed tortuosity of the vertebral artery and apparently marked neurovascular impingement on the asymptomatic left side, while only the right AICA could be implicated as the possible culprit. Hemifacial spasm was diagnosed based on the typical clinical manifestation, and MVD was performed. The pre-meatal segment of the AICA was found not to be impinging the facial nerve at any susceptible portion near the fREZ: root exit point, attached segment, or root detachment point. The real culprit was in fact the RPA. This occult culprit vessel was tortuous, forming a coil-shaped twist which was interposed between the facial nerve and the intermediate nerve near the root detachment point. Focal pressure atrophy of the nerve was clearly observed at the compressing site. The patient achieved total spasm relief immediately after surgery, and remained spasm-free at 1-year follow-up, without any postoperative complications.ConclusionMVD is the only curative treatment for hemifacial spasm, but with a failure rate of around 10%. Mistaking the real culprit has been reported to be the most likely reason for surgical failure. Therefore, intraoperative identification of atypical occult forms of vascular compression is of importance to improve surgical outcome. In the present case, the RPA formed a coil-shaped twist, which inflicted focal vascular compression causing hemifacial spasm. We recommend careful inspection of the recurrent perforating artery during MVD for HFS, and decompressing any such neurovascular impingement.     

Impaction Bone Grafting Augmented With a Wire Coil by the Lightbulb Technique for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

BackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that primarily affects the hips of young adults. The purpose of this study is to report the mid-term results of impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique for ONFH.MethodsFrom 1998 to 2016, 50 hips with late precollapsed or early postcollapsed ONFH (28 hips with Association Research Circulation Osseous [ARCO] IIC and 22 with IIIA) were treated by impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique. The survival rate was analyzed with conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) as the end point.ResultsThirty-one of the 50 hips had a successful clinical result without conversion to THA at a mean follow-up of 109.2 months. The 5-year survival rate was 68%, 82.1%, and 50% for the entire cohort, ARCO stage IIC, and ARCO stage IIIA, respectively. The 19 hips that had failed were converted to THA at an average of 52.8 months. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed that an ARCO stage IIIA disease, a lateral lesion, and a necrotic index ≥0.67 were the independent risk factors for conversion to THA.ConclusionAs a head-preserving procedure, the lightbulb technique using impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil is worthwhile for patients in an earlier stage of disease and smaller lesion size to postpone the need for THA.     

Suprascapular nerve entrapment in young kayaker: a case report

ABSTRACT

Kayaking has become one of the most popular paddle sports throughout the world. The shoulder is the most commonly injured area of the body among kayaking participants as a result of acute traumatic events and chronic overuse injuries. Therefore, kayaking participants may often seek advice for shoulder problems and there is a scarcity of studies regarding shoulder injuries in this population. In this case report, we present a young male recreational whitewater kayaker with a severe suprascapular nerve (SSN) entrapment who presented with shoulder pain and inability to perform his sport. He was initially evaluated elsewhere and was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy for presumptive diagnosis of subacromial impingement. After 5 months of failed non-operative treatment, the patient sought a second opinion with our group. SSN entrapment diagnosis was confirmed by a thorough careful physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging and electrodiagnostic study. Given the failure of non-operative treatment, the patient was treated with arthroscopic SSN decompression and successfully returned to kayaking without symptoms. While SSN entrapment has been reported in a variety of sports, especially those involving overhead movements, this is the first case report of SSN entrapment reported which impaired participation in kayaking. This case report supports the consideration of SSN entrapment in the differential diagnosis of painful shoulder among kayaking participants and highlights the importance of undressing the patient and examining the posterior shoulder for atrophy, winging or deformity.     

脑干听觉诱发电位在面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中的应用价值

目的探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEPs）V波潜伏期和（或）波幅的变化与面肌痉挛（HFS）显微血管减压术（MVD）后听力损失的应用价值。 方法选取中日友好医院神经外科自2015年9月至2019年8月行MVD治疗的HFS患者的临床资料，分析MVD始末BAEPs的V波潜伏期和波幅的变化以及手术前后听力状况的改变，听力学评估采用平均纯音听力阈值及言语识别率改变。根据美国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会分级方法，将术后患者听力分为听力未明显下降组和听力明显下降组。收集术中全程的BAEPs改变，并将BAEPs的V波术中改变分为：无显著异常，单纯V波潜伏期（LwV）延长>1.5 ms，单纯V波波幅（AwV）下降>50%，LwV延长>1.5 ms且AwV下降>50%，LwV延长>1.5 ms或AwV下降>50%，对5组分类模式下术后听力损伤程度与分组的相关性进行统计分析，并分析4组BAEPs改变对术后听力损伤的预测价值。 结果本研究纳入的1009例行MVD治疗的HFS患者中，943例患者听力未明显下降，66例患者术后听力异常，术中BAEPs监测波形无显著改变，术后出现听力下降5例（0.6%）；术中仅LwV延长>1.5 ms，术后出现听力下降4例（18.2%）；术中仅AwV降低>50%，术后出现听力下降19例（25.0%）；术中"LwV延长>1.5 ms且AwV降低>50%"，术后出现听力下降38例（64.4%）；术中"LwV延长>1.5 ms或AwV降低>50%"，术后出现听力下降61例（38.8%）。各组的阳性预测值比较，结果显示"LwV延长>1.5 ms且AwV降低>50%"最高；"LwV延长>1.5 ms或AwV下降>50%"组的敏感度最高；"LwV延长>1.5 ms且AwV下降>50%"组的特异度最强。 结论术中BAEPs监测可为MVD术者提供听力参考。术末V波潜伏期延长1.5 ms且波幅降低50%以上阳性预测值最高。术中根据BAEPs监测结果及时调整手术策略，可有效改善术后听力障碍的发生率。     

Predictive value of intraoperative blink reflex monitoring for surgical outcome during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic and predictive value of intraoperative blink reflex (BR) monitoring during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 41 patients with HFS undergoing MVD with intraoperative BR and lateral spread response (LSR) monitoring. Facial spasm was evaluated for six months postoperatively.ResultsThe BR resolved in 38 patients and persisted in three after MVD. For patients who exhibited BR resolution, 1-day, 1-month, and 6-month follow-ups revealed that 35 (92.1%), 35 (92.1%), and 38 (100%) patients had spasm resolution, respectively. However, of the three patients with persistent BR, one (33.3%), one (33.3%), and zero (0%) patients exhibited spasm resolution at the three corresponding follow-ups. We found a statistically significant difference in spasm resolution between the persistent and resolved BR groups at six months postoperatively. A comparison between intraoperative BR and LSR monitoring revealed that BR was a better predictor of clinical outcomes.ConclusionsIntraoperative BR monitoring is a potentially useful tool to help facilitate an adequate decompression and is a reliable prognostic predictor of surgical outcome.SignificanceThis study is the first to document the relationship between intraoperative BR monitoring and surgical outcome in patients with HFS.