经腹-会阴联合直肠癌根治术后经腹膜外造口对患者旁疝与排便功能的影响

目的探讨经腹-会阴联合直肠癌根治术后经腹膜外造口对患者旁疝与排便功能的影响。 方法选择2016年1月至2017年6月，广元市中心医院行经腹-会阴联合直肠癌根治术78例患者的临床资料。其中经腹膜外造口者40例为观察组，经腹膜内造口者38例为对照组，2组患者均于围手术期接受全程护理。比较2组手术指标、术后并发症发生情况及排便功能。 结果观察组术中出血量、住院时间分别为（104.24±39.08）ml和（15.62±3.10）d，与对照组（120.46±47.35）ml和（17.20±2.95）d，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组手术时间、造口时间、术后切口愈合时间分别为（233.12±40.50）min、（21.87±9.23）min和（7.31±0.28）d，与对照组（231.38±39.04）min、（20.95±9.14）min和（7.05±0.34）d，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组排便功能优良率显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（67.50% vs 34.21%，P<0.05）。观察组造口旁疝的发生率显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（2.50% vs 18.42%，P<0.05）；但2组间造口出血、造口水肿、造口回缩或脱垂等发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论经腹-会阴联合直肠癌根治术后经腹膜外造口可显著降低术后造口旁疝的发生率，促进其排便功能的恢复，整体疗效优于经腹膜内造口。     

Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Alone or With Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy

Background and Objectives:

Prostate cancer and inguinal hernia are common health issues in men aged more than 50 years. Recently, more data are accumulating that laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) can be performed in the same operation. The purpose of this study was to compare patients who underwent simultaneous extraperitoneal LRP (E-LRP) and LIHR with control patients who underwent only E-LRP in a matched-pairs design.

Methods:

Medical records of 215 patients were evaluated, and 20 patients who underwent E-LRP+LIHR were compared with 40 patients who underwent only E-LRP in a matched-pairs analysis. Preoperative clinical parameters (age, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, Gleason score of the prostate biopsy, and prostate volume) and operative data (operation time, duration of catheterization, length of hospital stay, estimated blood loss, time to perform the anastomosis and its quality, and the percentage of patients with bilateral lymphadenectomy) were evaluated, as well as postoperative parameters (pathological stage, Gleason score, specimen weight, follow-up duration, biochemical recurrence, complication rates, and duration of postoperative analgesic treatment).

Results:

No statistically significant differences were found in the preoperative and operative parameters between the 2 study groups. Pathological parameters and the follow-up period and complication rates were similar between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

Performing LIHR and E-LRP during the same operation is safe and feasible in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer and inguinal hernia.     

腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术中完全腹膜外经皮输尿管造口术

目的介绍一种腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术中,完全腹膜外输尿管造口新技术,评价其治疗一例T₄期高级别膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌患者的疗效。 方法以1例75岁男性高级别膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌（T₄N₀M₀）为例,介绍一种腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术中,完全腹膜外输尿管造口技术的4个关键步骤,包括游离输尿管（将左侧输尿管游离足够长度）、汇集两根输尿管（腹腔镜下将左侧输尿管经直肠后方拉至右侧）、建立腹膜外通道（游离扩大右侧腹膜外间隙,将两根输尿管从此通道拉出）、腹膜重建。 结果手术共耗时（从消毒铺单开始计时到输尿管造口结束）248 min,出血量100 ml,造口处可见清晰尿液流出,患者术后住院时间8 d。 结论本例输尿管造口术是一种完全腹腔镜下经皮输尿管造口技术的尝试,相较于传统输尿管造口术而言,该术式创伤小,出血量少,术后恢复时间缩短。对于需要永久性尿流改道,但心肺功能差,手术风险高或没有机会做肠道尿流改道的患者,该术式是一种可行且安全的尿流改道方式。     

A comparison of extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal laparoscopic or robotic para-aortic lymphadenectomy for staging of endometrial carcinoma

Objective

The optimal surgical approach for complete lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrial cancer is controversial. The objective of our study was to compare the surgical outcomes of extraperitoneal laparoscopic, transperitoneal laparoscopic, and robotic transperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer staging.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent extraperitoneal or transperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer staging from January 2007 to November 2012. Three patient groups were compared: extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy, robotic hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (“extraperitoneal group”; N = 34); laparoscopic hysterectomy and transperitoneal pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (“transperitoneal laparoscopic group”; N = 108); and robotic hysterectomy and transperitoneal pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (“transperitoneal robotic group”; N = 52). Fisher's exact test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analysis, and statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results

The median number of para-aortic lymph nodes obtained was higher in the extraperitoneal group than in the transperitoneal laparoscopic and robotic groups (10, 5, and 4.5 nodes, respectively; P < 0.001). BMI was higher in the extraperitoneal group (median, 35.1 kg/m²) than in the transperitoneal groups but did not differ between the transperitoneal laparoscopic group (median, 28.4 kg/m²) and the transperitoneal robotic group (median, 30.2 kg/m²). Among patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m², the median number of para-aortic nodes harvested was higher in the extraperitoneal group than in the transperitoneal laparoscopic and robotic groups (9, 4, and 5 nodes, respectively; P < 0.01). The same pattern was observed among patients with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (10, 6, and 3 nodes, respectively), but only the extraperitoneal group and the transperitoneal robotic group were significantly different (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in median estimated blood loss between the extraperitoneal group and either the transperitoneal laparoscopic group (100 vs. 112.5 mL; P = 0.06) or the transperitoneal robotic group (100 vs. 67.5 mL; P = 0.23). The median operative time was longer in the extraperitoneal group (339.5 min; range, 242–453 min) than in the transperitoneal laparoscopic group (286 min; range, 101–480 min) and the transperitoneal robotic group (297.5 min, range 182–633 min) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy resulted in a higher number of para-aortic lymph nodes removed than transperitoneal laparoscopic or robotic lymphadenectomy. The extraperitoneal approach should be considered for endometrial cancer staging.     

Laparoscopic Resection of Rectal Cancer: A Comparison of Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes Between Extraperitoneal and Intraperitoneal Disease Locations

Purpose  The extraperitoneal rectum is anatomically and biologically different from the intraperitoneal rectum, therefore, the surgical outcomes may be different. This study was designed to assess operative outcomes of laparoscopic resection of extraperitoneal (≤7 cm from the anal verge) vs. intraperitoneal rectal cancer. Methods  Prospective data were collected from 312 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection. Patients were divided into two groups: extraperitoneal (EP, n = 138) vs. intraperitoneal (IP, n = 174). Mean follow-up was 33 months. Results  Patients with pT3/pT4 accounted for 69.6 percent of EP and 74.1 percent of IP. Circumferential margin was positive in 8.7 percent of EP and 0.6 percent of IP (P = 0.0004). Anastomotic leakage developed in 9.7 percent of EP vs. 4.6 percent of IP (P = 0.1081, overall 6.4 percent). Local recurrence rate at three years was 7.6 percent in EP and 0.7 percent in IP (P = 0.0011, overall 4 percent). By multivariate analysis, extraperitoneal location was a risk factor for local recurrence. Conclusions  Laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer, regardless of EP or IP, provided acceptable operative outcomes. There was an increasing tendency for positive circumferential margin, leakage, and local recurrence in EP vs. IP. A multicenter, prospective study is ongoing to identify the high-risk group for local recurrence who may really benefit from neoadjuvant therapy in the era of laparoscopy. Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Seattle, Washington, June 3 to 7, 2006.     

Huge pelvi-abdominal malignant inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with rapid recurrence in a 14-year-old boy

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm with locally aggressive behavior but malignant change is rare.We report an unusual case of pelvic-abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with malignant transformation in a 14-year-old boy presenting with abdominal pain and 9 kg body weight loss in one month.Computed tomography revealed a huge pelvi-abdominal mass(30 cm),possibly originating from the pelvic extraperitoneal space,protruding into the abdomen leading to upward displace...     

腹膜外盆腔淋巴结清扫术在妇科恶性肿瘤根治术中的应用

目的探讨在妇科恶性肿瘤根治性手术中采用腹膜外盆腔淋巴结清扫术的优势。方法在浸润性宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌的根治性手术中，选择47例行腹膜外盆腔淋巴结清扫术，并对该术式的操作方法及其优势作了详细的阐述。结果除术中右髂总静脉及左闭孔静脉损伤各1例外，其余患者手术操作顺利。术中无恶心呕吐等胃肠道反应及心血管并发症，与腹膜内清扫术相比节省时间30min；术后并发淋巴囊肿11例，腹壁切口淋巴漏1例，均经相应治疗后痊愈。结论在宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌的根治性手术中采用腹膜外盆腔淋巴结清扫术，具有术野显露良好，无需腹壁自动牵开器，对盆腹腔干扰时间晚而短，避免因探查等操作而引起的恶心呕吐、血压下降等不良反应及减少术后肠粘连肠梗阻并发症等优点，而且坚持了“包抄歼癌”的手术原则，缩短了手术操作时间。     

脐旁韧带离断联合翻转法用于腹膜外剖宫产的术式探讨(附182例分析)

目的探讨脐旁韧带离断联合翻转法用于腹膜外剖宫产术的可行性、优越性。方法回顾性分析2010年8月至2012年9月陕西电子409医院收治的182例以脐旁韧带离断联合翻转法行腹膜外剖宫产术的临床资料。结果手术时间最短35 min,最长70 min,平均为45 min。从切开皮肤至胎儿娩出时间最短5 min,最长18 min,平均为12 min。术中出血量平均为150 mL,无术后并发症,新生儿体质量最小2550 g,最大4650 g,平均3480 g。新生儿Apgar评分除3例外,余均在8分以上。结论脐旁韧带离断联合翻转法用于腹膜外剖宫产术具有手术时间短、术野暴露充分、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优点,值得推广应用。     

直肠癌miles术腹膜外隧道结肠造口98例临床研究

为探讨直肠癌miles术腹膜外隧道结肠造口的疗效,回顾分析38例行该术式治疗的患者的资料。结果显示,98例患者均顺利完成手术,术后未发生肠管脱出,回缩,无坏死出血,造口周围感染,造口狭窄,内疝等并发症和后遗症。结果表明,直肠下段恶性肿瘤行miles术腹膜外隧道结肠造口简单易行,并发症少,效果满意。