Olas de calor,temperatura ambiente y riesgo de infarto de miocardio: un estudio ecológico en la Comunidad de Madrid

Introduction and objectivesEpisodes of extreme heat are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in chronically-ill patients but there is a need to clearly establish the relationship between extreme heat and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and maximum temperature, in particular during heat wave alert periods (HWAP).MethodsThe population studied consisted of confirmed STEMI cases registered in the Infarction Code of the Community of Madrid between June 2013 and June 2017. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) adjusted for trend and seasonality and 95%CI were estimated using time series regression models.ResultsA total of 6465 cases of STEMI were included; 212 cases occurred during the 66-day period of HWAP and 1816 cases during the nonalert summer period (IRR, 1.14; 95%CI, 0.96-1.35). The minimum incidence rate was observed at the maximum temperature of 18 °C. Warmer temperatures were not associated with a higher incidence (IRR,1.03; 95%CI, 0.76-1.41), whereas colder temperatures were significantly associated with an increased risk (IRR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.02-1.54). No effect modification was observed by age or sex.ConclusionsWe did not find an increased risk of STEMI during the 66 days of HWAP in the Community of Madrid between June 2013 and June 2017. However, an increased risk was found during colder temperatures. No extra health resources for STEMI management are required during periods of extreme heat, but should be considered during periods of cold weather.     

Discharge Planning in the Era of Climate Change

We are living in an era of climate change, which has a tremendous impact on the health of our patients. Therefore, radiological nurses should be aware of and address climate change–related problems that impact patient health, such as heat, air quality, drought, wildfires, increased precipitation, and extreme weather. This article highlights the concerns and consequences of climate change on patients discharged from interventional radiological and other outpatient settings. Recommendations for discharge planning are provided to support, protect, and promote the health of patients in radiological services.     

甘肃省卫生人力资源公平性及预测研究

目的对甘肃省卫生人力资源配置现状及公平性进行分析,对2019—2023年需求数量进行预测,为甘肃省卫生人力资源发展规划提供参考建议。方法运用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数对甘肃省卫生人力资源配置的公平性进行研究;运用时间序列模型对甘肃省2019—2023年卫生人力资源需求量进行预测。结果 2018年甘肃省所属每千人口卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士分别为5.2名、2.0名和1.9名。按人口配置的基尼系数均小于0.4的临界值;按地理配置的基尼系数均超过0.6,处于高度不公平状态。预测到2023年甘肃省卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士的人数分别为167 471人、40 534人和53 657人。结论甘肃省卫生人力资源配置的人口公平性优于地理公平性;卫生人力资源发展速度缓慢,医护比不合理,全省医疗人力资源不足;甘肃省在未来五年对卫生人力资源的需求量很大,需要进一步重视卫生人力资源的开发,扩大人才队伍建设规模。     

Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Pollinosis in Jeju,Korea: Is It Increasing?

Jeju is an island in South Korea located in a temperate climate zone. The Japanese cedar tree (JC) has become the dominant tree species while used widely to provide a windbreak for the tangerine orchard industry. An increase in pollen counts precedes atopic sensitization to pollen and pollinosis, but JC pollinosis in Jeju has never been studied. We investigated JC pollen counts, sensitization to JC pollen, and JC pollinosis. Participants were recruited among schoolchildren residing in Jeju City, the northern region (NR) and Seogwipo City, the southern region (SR) of the island. The JC pollen counts were monitored. Sensitization rates to common aeroallergens were evaluated by skin prick tests. Symptoms of pollinosis were surveyed. Among 1,225 schoolchildren (49.6% boys, median age 13 years), 566 (46.2%) were atopic. The rate of sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (35.8%) was highest, followed by D. farinae (26.2%), and JC pollen (17.6%). In the SR, 156 children (23.8%) were sensitized to JC pollen; this rate was significantly higher than that in the NR (59 children, 10.4%, P<0.001). A significant increment in the sensitization rate for JC pollen with increasing school level was observed only in the SR. JC pollen season in the SR started earlier and lasted longer than that in the NR. JC pollen season in Jeju was defined as extending from late January to mid-April. The prevalence of JC pollinosis was estimated to be 8.5%. The prevalence differed significantly between the NR and SR (5.3% vs 11.3%, P<0.001), mainly due to the difference in sensitization rates. JC pollen is the major outdoor allergen for early spring pollinosis in Jeju. JC pollen season is from late January to mid-April. Warmer weather during the flowering season scatters more JC pollen in the atmosphere, resulting in a higher sensitization rate in atopic individuals and, consequently, making JC pollinosis more prevalent.     

生活垃圾处置计划量执行指数设计初探

以上海市典型区域为例，通过生活垃圾处置量季节指数，模拟该区域生活垃圾处置量变化趋势，应用季节指数、生活垃圾处置量实际月均值预测当年生活垃圾处置量均值，并根据预测结果设计生活垃圾计划量执行指数。     

疾病预防控制档案的长期趋势及影响因素分析

目的通过对绵阳疾控中心有史以来的全部归档文件从数量上的动态变动趋势及其影响因素的分析,预测今后一段时期疾控档案数量可能达到的规模,为疾控档案管理提供措施。方法应用动态数列理论对档案资料作动态变动趋势描述并作出预测;查阅相关历史文献、大众媒体公开资料探讨影响疾控档案动态走势因素。结果疾控档案在数量上随着时间的延续整体呈波浪上升态势,其定基发展速度为18.99倍,平均发展速度为1.25倍,平均增长速度是0.25倍,预计未来一段时间的2012-2014年归档文件数量平均每年将达到765.66件、2015-2017年将达956.96件;影响疾控档案归档文件数量动态变动趋势的因素有历史原因和档案本身原因。结论疾控档案资料的动态走势与疾控工作的工作量、档案工作的工作量呈正比,工作量越大存档文件越多;适时清理过期档案文件、档案资料在整理时准确归类是缓解储存空间压力的必要手段。