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1.
吴斌 《中国免疫学杂志》2022,38(2):249-252+258
目前原发性干燥综合征(pSS)诊断仍然依赖于侵入性小涎腺活检手术,常导致其早期诊断异常艰难,因此筛选特定生物标志物可能对pSS诊断和个体化治疗极为有益。本文回顾传统标志物及与B细胞活化和表观遗传相关的新标志物,并综述组学标志物研究进展。尽管生物标志物前景较好,但其可靠性仍需扩大样本量进行验证。  相似文献   
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目的:探究调节DNA甲基化的中药活性成分和用药规律。方法:运用GeneCards数据库获取DNA甲基化相关基因靶点,通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)查找靶基因相关的活性成分和中药,纳入条件为类药性≥0.18,口服生物利用度≥30%,构建中药-成分-甲基化靶点作用网络。采用DAVID 6.8数据库分析潜在靶点参与的生物过程及信号通路,同时收集中药功效及性味归经信息,分析调节DNA甲基化的用药规律。结果:获得23个潜在的DNA甲基化靶点,与449个活性成分和342味中药相匹配。其中山柰酚、槲皮素、木犀草素、黄芩素、异鼠李素等可能是干预DNA甲基化的主要活性成分,甘草、半枝莲、丹参、枸杞子、灯盏细辛等可能是干预DNA甲基化的主要中药。相关通路以TNF信号通路、Toll样信号通路等抗炎通路为主。用药规律分析显示,干预DNA甲基化的中药多性寒、味苦,归肝经,具有清热、止痛、补益等功效。结论:本研究系统探讨了中药调节DNA甲基化的活性成分,归纳了中药干预DNA甲基化的用药规律,以期为治疗DNA甲基化相关疾病的实验验证及新药研发提供思路。  相似文献   
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《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(11):1468-1477
IntroductionSeveral microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but the evidence from individual case-control studies remains inconclusive.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed, followed by standardized multistage data extraction, quality control, and meta-analyses on eligible data for brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Results were compared with miRNAs reported in the abstracts of eligible studies or recent qualitative reviews to assess novelty.ResultsData from 147 independent data sets across 107 publications were quantitatively assessed in 461 meta-analyses. Twenty-five, five, and 32 miRNAs showed studywide significant differential expression (α < 1·08 × 10−4) in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-derived specimens, respectively, with 5 miRNAs showing differential expression in both brain and blood. Of these 57 miRNAs, 13 had not been reported in the abstracts of previous original or review articles.DiscussionOur systematic assessment of differential miRNA expression is the first of its kind in Alzheimer's disease and highlights several miRNAs of potential relevance.  相似文献   
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组蛋白去乙酰化是组蛋白表观遗传学修饰的重要的方式之一。组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)作为调控基因的关键蛋白,其功能异常早已被证实与肿瘤、神经退行性病变、肾脏病等发生和发展关系密切,进而推动HDAC抑制剂(HDACi)的研发及临床应用。本文综述HDACs在肾脏病发生发展中的作用及HDACi在肾脏病治疗中的应用前景。  相似文献   
7.
BackgroundThe survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is influenced by the genetic and epigenetic changes that might influence the patient experience of symptom burden. Understanding the association of molecular changes with the symptom burden could help clinicians gain insight into the molecular basis of symptom burden and improve treatment tolerance. To date, no studies have compared the patient-reported symptom burden with these molecular subsets among patients with mCRC.Patients and MethodsWe recruited patients with mCRC that was refractory to ≥ 1 line of therapy who had been enrolled in the Assessment of Targeted Therapies Against Colorectal Cancer trial at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. All patients completed a baseline gastrointestinal symptom inventory (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, gastrointestinal). The symptom burden across key demographic variables and molecular changes, including CRC-associated mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) were compared using χ2 tests. Association of the symptom burden with overall survival was examined using Cox regression models.ResultsPatients with an MSI-high (MSI-H) phenotype reported greater pain (odds ratio [OR], 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-5.84), fatigue (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.41-5.49), sleep (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.32-4.08); and drowsiness (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.32-4.78) compared with microsatellite stable patients. Patients with an MSI-H phenotype also had greater odds of overall symptom burden (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.29-4.74) compared with microsatellite stable patients. The CIMP-high patients experienced greater odds of pain compared with the CIMP-negative patients (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06-2.80). A greater overall symptom burden was associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.98-2.06]), although the difference was not significant (P = .06).ConclusionCorrelation of MSI-H–associated tumor features with the symptom burden could help provide a better understanding of underlying mechanisms associated with our findings.  相似文献   
8.
Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and results in high healthcare and economic costs. Heavy alcohol misuse leads to alcohol-related liver disease, which is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths globally. Other than reducing alcohol consumption, there are currently no effective treatments for alcohol-related liver disease. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance in the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. It plays important roles in several aspects of alcohol-related liver disease pathogenesis. Here, we review how chronic alcohol use results in oxidative stress through increased metabolism via the cytochrome P4502E1 system producing reactive oxygen species, acetaldehyde and protein and DNA adducts. These trigger inflammatory signaling pathways within the liver leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators causing hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species exposure also results in mitochondrial stress within hepatocytes causing structural and functional dysregulation of mitochondria and upregulating apoptotic signaling. There is also evidence that oxidative stress as well as the direct effect of alcohol influences epigenetic regulation. Increased global histone methylation and acetylation and specific histone acetylation inhibits antioxidant responses and promotes expression of key pro-inflammatory genes. This review highlights aspects of the role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis that warrant further study including mitochondrial stress and epigenetic regulation. Improved understanding of these processes may identify novel targets for therapy.  相似文献   
9.
Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main body functions.Programming of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and molecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and immune cells. At birth, this machinery continues to settle with the establishment of extra connection between enteric and other systemic systems and is partially under the control of gut microbiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of microorganisms' population. As thus, any environmental factor interfering on this pre-established program may have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant women, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environmental factors and especially food contaminants. In this review, we will summarize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to major food contaminants on gut homeostasis settlement and on brain/gut axis communication considering the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presumed consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-communicable chronic diseases.  相似文献   
10.
《The ocular surface》2020,18(3):383-395
In recent years, technological advances in sequencing have accelerated our understanding of epigenetics in ocular development and ophthalmic diseases. We now know that epigenetic modifications are necessary for normal ocular development and biological processes such as corneal wound healing and ocular surface repair, while aberrant epigenetic regulation underlies the pathogenesis of a wide range of ocular diseases, including cataracts and various diseases of the ocular surface. As the epigenetics of the eye is a constantly changing field of medicine, this comprehensive review focuses on innovations and scientific discoveries related to epigenetic control of anterior segment diseases that were published in the English literature in the past five years. These recent studies attempt to elucidate therapeutic targets for the anterior segment pathological processes. Already, recent studies have shown therapeutic potential in targeting epigenetic mechanisms of ocular diseases, and new epigenetic therapies are on the verge of being introduced to clinical practice. New drug targets can potentially emerge as we make further discoveries within this field.  相似文献   
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