西地兰联合胺碘酮治疗急诊重症心衰合并快速性心律失常患者的临床效果分析

目的探析西地兰联合胺碘酮治疗急诊重症心衰合并快速性心律失常患者的临床效果。方法60例急诊重症心衰合并快速性心律失常患者,以电脑Excel表格按照1∶1比例分为对比组和研究组,每组30例,对比组患者采用西地兰治疗,研究组患者采用西地兰联合胺碘酮治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后QT离散度、心功能指标及治疗后临床指标。结果治疗后,两组患者QT离散度均较本组治疗前降低,且研究组患者QT离散度(32.69±2.69)ms低于对比组的(41.32±3.11)ms,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者心室率(78.51±5.17)次/min低于对比组的(94.23±6.67)次/min,起效时间(18.23±2.11)min短于对比组的(32.11±3.51)min,窦性心律转复率93.33%(28/30)高于对比组的70.00%(21/30),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者左室舒张末期内径、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室重量指数、左室射血分数、舒张早期最大流速/舒张晚期最大流速(E/A)、N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平均较本组治疗前改善,且研究组优于对比组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在急诊重症心衰合并快速性心律失常患者治疗中选择西地兰联合胺碘酮用药方案,能够更好降低QT离散度,提高窦性心律转复率,且心室率更低、起效时间更短,同时,在改善心功能方面效果较显著。     

Abscopal effect in radioimmunotherapy

Abscopal effect is an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology that causes activation of immune system against cancer cells. Traditionally, this phenomenon was known as a suppressor of non-irradiated tumors or metastasis. However, it can be used as a stimulator of the immune system against primary tumor during radiotherapy. Immunotherapy, a novel tumor therapy modality, also triggers immune system against cancer. To date, some immunotherapy types have been developed. However, immune checkpoint blockade is a more common modality and some drugs have been approved by the FDA. Studies have shown that radiotherapy or immunotherapy administered alone have low efficiency for tumor control. However, their combination has a more potent anti-tumor immunity. For this aim, it is important to induce abscopal effect in primary tumors, and also use appropriate drugs to target the mechanisms involved in the exhaustion of cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Among the different radiotherapy techniques, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with some few fractionations is the best choice for inducing abscopal effect. On the other hand, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is known as one of the best targets for triggering anti-tumor immunity. This combination is known as the best choice among various strategies for radioimmunotherapy. However, there is the need for other strategies to improve the duration of immune system’s activity within tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind abscopal effect by radiotherapy and evaluate the molecular targets which induce potent anti-tumor immunity.     

艾烟的作用与安全性评价＊

艾灸作为中医学最古老的疗法之一，作用多样，应用广泛，疗效显著。随着科技的发展，人们对灸法的认识逐渐深入，其中艾烟的相关研究也硕果累累，其安全性广受关注。通过对艾烟作用和安全性评价研究中取得的成果进行归纳分析，以期为艾灸临床安全应用提供指导。     

颊颈连续曲线切口在颊癌联合根治术中的应用效果评价

目的 探讨并评估颊颈连续曲线切口在颊癌联合根治术中的应用效果。方法 收集2015年1月—2018年12月收治的颊癌患者87例,其中42例采用颊颈连续曲线切口（实验组）,45例采用传统颈部T形切口联合面颊切口（对照组）。评估术野暴露范围,对比2组切口长度、联合根治术所耗时长和术后颈部并发症发生率。随访时间7~43个月,采用改良温哥华瘢痕量表（Vancouver Scar Scale,VSS）及华盛顿大学生存质量问卷（University of Washington Quality of Life,UW-QOL）,对2组患者术后瘢痕及生存质量进行评估。采用SPSS 22.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果 实验组切口长度为（36.40±5.08）cm,显著小于对照组的（39.93±5.22）cm（P<0.05）;实验组联合根治术所耗时长短于对照组,颈部并发症发生率低于对照组;术后瘢痕评估及生存质量优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组手术术野显露范围,术后复发、转移率无显著差异。结论 颊颈连续曲线切口与传统切口相比,能获得良好的视野,联合根治耗时短,并能实现原发灶与颈淋巴清扫术整体切除以保证手术彻底性。具有切口短且美观、并发症少、术后生存质量好等优点,是值得推荐的一种颊癌联合根治手术切口。     

右美托咪定预防输尿管镜术中阴茎勃起的临床效果

目的 观察右美托咪定对输尿管镜术中阴茎勃起的预防作用。方法 选择2018年5月～2019年5月我院泌尿外科择期在全麻下行输尿管镜碎石术男性患者200例,随机分为对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组),每组100例。两组患者在麻醉诱导前15 min分别静脉泵注生理盐水和右美托咪定0.5μg/kg。观察两组患者入室时(T0)、麻醉诱导前(T1)、气管插管后消毒前(T2)、消毒开始后5 min(T3)、手术开始后10 min(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、阴茎勃起的发生率及其程度以及苏醒期膀胱刺激征的发生率及严重程度。结果 D组患者T1、T2、T3、T4时间点MAP及HR较T0时间点均降低,且低于C组同时间点(P0.05);D组在T2、T3和T4时间点阴茎勃起发生率分别为3.0%、7.0%和10.0%,明显低于C组11.0%、22.0%、37.0%,(P0.05);在T4时间点D组阴茎勃起1级、2级和3级发生率分别为7.0%、3.0%和0%,明显低于C组23.0%、9.0%、5.0%,(P0.05);术后苏醒期患者膀胱刺激征评分D组1级、2级、3级的发生率分别为12.0%、8.0%、2.0%,明显低于C组的28.0%、25.0%、21.0%(P0.05)。结论 麻醉诱导前预先给予右美托咪定能够有效的预防输尿管镜手术中阴茎勃起的发生,减少苏醒期膀胱刺激征的发生率,提高患者的舒适度.     

Effect of diabetes mellitus on pregnancy and birth outcomes in Wolaita Zone,Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

Background and aimsPresence of diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy is important cause of maternal and fetal complications. Studies that address the effect of DM on pregnancy and birth outcome are scarce in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DM on maternal and birth outcomes in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was done to compare maternal and birth outcomes of mothers with DM and non-DM who received maternity service in three hospitals and four health centers in Southern Ethiopia. A total of 136 exposed (with DM) and 272 unexposed (non-DM) mothers were included in the study. Data were extracted from medical records of mothers by experienced and trained data collectors. Means were compared for continuous variables. Logistic regression analysis model was used to check the effect of DM on pregnancy and birth outcome. Risk Ratio was calculated and p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsPregnancy of diabetic mothers was significantly complicated by pre-eclampsia when compared with non-diabetic mothers, (RR = 1.8: 95% CI; 1.2–2.7). The risk of macrosomia was higher for neonates of diabetic mothers than non-diabetic mothers, (RR = 1.9: 95% CI; 1.3–2.7). From multivariate analysis, mothers with DM were 2.9 times more likely to be delivered by caesarean section than non-diabetic mothers (RR = 2.9: 95%CI; 1.3–6.2) and the risk of pre-term delivery was 2.5 times higher among mothers with DM, (RR = 2.5: 95% CI; 1.1–6.2).ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus among pregnant mothers is associated with increased risk of pre-term delivery, macrosomia and maternal complications of pre-eclampsia and caesarian delivery. Early detection and management of DM should be one of the key activities to improve maternal and child mortality and morbidity.     

热疗联合放化疗治疗局部晚期直肠癌疗效观察

目的 观察局部晚期直肠癌患者采用卡培他滨、放疗、热疗联合治疗的临床应用效果。方法 选取2015年2月—2019年2月本院收治的48例局部晚期直肠癌患者作为观察对象，根据不同治疗方案将患者分为联合组、对照组各24例。对照组采用卡培他滨、放疗治疗，联合组在对照组基础上联合热疗治疗。比较两组总有效率、T淋巴细胞亚群、不良反应发生率、复发率、转移率。病情达到完全缓解、部分缓解患者行手术治疗，记录两组手术率、无进展生存时间（PFS）。结果 联合组总有效率（87.50%）明显优于对照组（58.33%），有统计学意义（χ² = 5.1692，P < 0.05）；联合组不良反应发生率（12.50%）、复发率（4.17%）、转移率（8.33%）均低于对照组（45.83%）、（25.00%）、（33.33%），有统计学意义（χ² = 6.4538，4.1812，4.5474，P < 0.05）；联合组T淋巴细胞亚群各项指标水平均比对照组高（P < 0.05）；研究组手术率（83.33%）明显高于对照组（50.00%），有统计学意义（χ² = 6.0000，P < 0.05）；联合组PFS时间（56.2 ±5.2）月明显长于对照组（42.6 ±5.8）月，有统计学意义（t = 8.5531，P < 0.05）。结论 对局部晚期直肠癌患者采用卡培他滨、放疗、热疗联合治疗可优化整体治疗效果，增强机体免疫力，减少不良反应，防止肿瘤转移，近期疗效突出，手术率提高，PFS明显延长。     

输尿管软镜和经皮肾镜治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的效果比较

目的探讨输尿管软镜和经皮肾镜治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的临床效果。方法选取52例嵌顿性输尿管上段结石患者,随机分为两组各26例。A组予以经皮肾镜治疗,B组予以输尿管软镜治疗。比较两组的结石清除情况、住院时间、术后VAS评分,以及手术前后的IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平。结果A组术后3 d、术后3个月的结石清除率均显著高于B组(P<0.05)。A组的住院时间显著长于B组,术后VAS评分显著高于B组(P<0.05)。两组术前的IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后1 d,两组的IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平均较术前显著升高,且A组显著高于B组(P<0.05)。结论与经皮肾镜相比,输尿管软镜治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的结石清除率较低,但对患者损伤小,术后疼痛轻,恢复快。     

6例羊水栓塞患者临床护理效果分析

目的探讨羊水栓塞患者的临床护理效果。方法选取于2013月2月~2014年2月在我院收治的6例分娩过程中患有羊水栓塞患者,对其临床护理干预方法进行回顾性分析。结果 6例羊水栓塞患者都成功地进行了生产,没有出现并发症状和现死亡情况。结论护理干预对于羊水栓塞患者的临床护理效果非常好,能够有效地降低患者术后的并发症发生率和死亡率。