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1.
陈平  陈婷婷 《检验医学》2022,37(1):83-86
目的依据ISO 15189质量体系建立覆盖检验全流程的智能结构化检验知识库,满足各个医疗环节对检验知识库的需求。方法在ISO 15189质量体系下,引入检验认知计算理论,通过信息化方法实现对检验知识源的提取、挖掘,自定义知识节点,并持续对数据库信息进行更新。结果建立的智能结构化检验知识库可以从检验各业务节点采集知识,通过富文本编辑,自动生成服务手册、项目书册、项目操作规程、仪器操作规程、采集手册,再将形成的程序化文件各节点碎片化分布在实验室信息系统(LIS)中,支持工作站、移动终端对检验知识库的浏览、查阅和数据分享。结论通过建立结构化的检验知识库,将检验相关的基础信息进行分类编排,使信息和知识有序化,缩短了搜索时间,加快了知识和信息的流动,有利于检验知识的共享与交流。  相似文献   
2.
[摘要] 目的 对发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS)的相关文献进行文献计量学和可视化分析,探寻近年来的研究现状、热点及趋势,为临床治疗和基础研究提供参考。方法?以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集和中国知网(China national knowledge infrastructure, CNKI)数据库为文献来源,检索2011年1月1日—2021年12月31日有关SFTS的文献,导入CiteSpace.5.7.R2软件,以国家、作者、文献共被引、关键词为节点进行可视化分析,并绘制相关图谱。结果?在WOS核心合集共检索到797篇文献,在CNKI数据库共检索到714篇文献。相关领域发文量总体呈上升趋势,中国发文量居首位,美国和日本之间机构合作密切。研究热点集中在发病机制、抗体、特异性治疗等领域。非结构蛋白、临床预后、血小板减少、SFTS感染的靶细胞等将是未来的研究重点。结论?国内外关于SFTS的研究逐渐成熟,新型布尼亚病毒、免疫功能、预后是研究重点,但是对SFTS发病机制和病毒受体尚不清楚,仍须进一步探索。  相似文献   
3.
炎症参与了多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症、妇科肿瘤等多种疾病的发生、发展,同时也可影响男性生殖功能。饮食在调节慢性炎症中发挥重要作用。膳食炎症指数(dietary inflammation index,DII)是一种新的临床膳食评估工具,将饮食分为促炎饮食和抗炎饮食,用于评估个人膳食整体的炎症潜力。研究显示,促炎饮食与生殖相关疾病的发生风险增加有关,抗炎饮食则与生殖相关疾病的发生风险降低有关。促炎饮食及其组分可升高机体内的炎症水平,促使慢性子宫内膜炎、多囊卵巢综合征、卵巢癌及子宫内膜癌等多种疾病的发生,也可对男性精子浓度和总活力等产生影响,从而导致不孕不育。综述DII与生殖相关疾病的关系和临床机制,并从疾病的预防和控制方面提出饮食建议,以期为临床治疗和护理提供参考。  相似文献   
4.
Background and aimsThe extent to which dietary patterns influence the risk of abnormal blood lipids throughout young adulthood remains unclear. The aim was to investigate whether early young adulthood dietary patterns predict the risk of abnormal blood lipids during later young adulthood.Methods and resultsWe used data from a long running birth cohort study in Australia. Western dietary pattern rich in meats, processed foods and high-fat dairy products and prudent pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, whole grains and low-fat dairy products were derived using principal component analysis at the 21-year follow-up from dietary data obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. After 9-years, fasting blood samples of all participants were collected and their total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. Abnormal blood lipids were based on clinical cut-offs for total, LDL and HDL cholesterols, and TG and relative distributions for total:HDL and TG:HDL cholesterols ratios. Log-binomial models were used to estimate risk of each outcome in relation to dietary patterns. Greater adherence to the Western pattern predicted increased risks of high LDL (RR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06, 2.03) and TG (1.90; 1.25, 2.86), and high ratios of total:HDL (1.48; 1.00, 2.19) and TG:HDL (1.78; 1.18, 2.70) cholesterols in fully adjusted models. Conversely, a prudent pattern predicted reduced risks of low HDL (0.58; 0.42, 0.78) and high TG (0.66; 0.47, 0.92) and high total:HDL (0.71; 0.51, 0.98) and TG:HDL (0.61; 0.45, 0.84) cholesterols ratios.ConclusionThis is the first prospective study to show greater adherence to unhealthy Western diet predicted increased risks of abnormal blood lipids, whereas healthy prudent diet predicted lower such risks in young adults. Addressing diets in early course may improve cardiovascular health of young adults.  相似文献   
5.
目的 开展养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划培训并评价其效果。方法 应用基于Bloom目标教学理论构建的养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划培训内容,结合《预立医疗照护计划》知识教育手册、《我的五个愿望》手册、案例视频等教具,通过角色扮演、案例讨论等方式对53名养老机构志愿者进行培训。培训前后使用养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划知信行及自我效能问卷对志愿者进行调查,根据志愿者角色扮演表现评价其预立医疗照护计划沟通技能。结果 培训前后志愿者预立医疗照护计划认知、态度、行为意愿及自我效能差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),培训后75.47%志愿者预立医疗照护计划沟通技能达合格及以上水平。结论 预立医疗照护计划培训能改善养老机构志愿者的预立医疗照护计划知信行及自我效能感,培养其预立医疗照护计划沟通能力。  相似文献   
6.
BackgroundDietary supplement use is common, particularly among cancer survivors and those at increased risk for cancer.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to assess 1-year test–retest reproducibility of dietary supplement use reported via food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-1 vs FFQ-2) and relative validity in comparison to repeated 24-hour dietary recalls (FFQ-2 vs DRs).DesignThis ancillary study was conducted within a large prospective cohort, the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study-3.Participants/settingBetween 2015 and 2016, 684 participants in the United States (64% women; 62% non-Hispanic White, 23% non-Hispanic Black, and 15% Hispanic) completed two FFQs and up to six unannounced telephone interviewer-administered DRs over 1 year as part of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy.Primary outcome measuresFFQs queried current multivitamin-mineral supplement (≥10 components) use, frequency and dose (range) for seven supplements taken individually or as part of a complex (individual/complex) including calcium, vitamins D, C, and E, folic acid, fish oil, and glucosamine. DRs allowed exact reporting of supplement frequency and dose.Statistical analysesWeighted κ statistics were used to evaluate reproducibility between FFQ-1 and FFQ-2 and Spearman correlation coefficients assessed agreement between supplemental nutrient amounts assessed by FFQ-2 and the average of DRs.ResultsJust more than half of the participants reported taking multivitamin-mineral supplements on the baseline FFQ. Kappa statistics for the comparison of categorical responses between FFQ-1 and FFQ-2 were 0.67 for multivitamin-mineral supplements. Kappas for individual/complex supplements ranged from 0.47 for folic acid to 0.74 for vitamin D, with a mean of 0.64. Results were similar between men and women. Spearman correlation coefficients comparing FFQ-2 with the average of DRs (validity) for nutrient intakes from all sources ranged from 0.65 (fish oil for women) to 0.77 (vitamin D for men and calcium for women); results were similar among men and women.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the FFQ used in Cancer Prevention Study-3 has good reproducibility over 1 year and yields estimates comparable to a more detailed assessment for commonly consumed dietary supplements.  相似文献   
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8.
目的:对当前我国中药和天然药物领域研究热点进行探测,为学者了解该领域研究现状提供一个全面直观的视角。方法:检索WebofScience核心集中我国学者发表的中药及天然药物相关学术论文,对文献关键词进行共现分析、聚类分析与突发性探测,对施引文献进行共被引分析和突发性探测,并以网络知识图谱的形式进行可视化。结果:最终筛选得到18689篇文献,"Chemistry""Pharmacology&Pharmacy""Integrative&Complementary Medicine"和"Biochemistry&Molecular Biology"在学科共现网络中具有较高频次和中介中心性;"Expression""Apoptosis""Activation""Cell""Mechanism""Identification"和"Oxidative Stress"等关键词在共现网络中具有较高共现频次和中介中心性;"Expression""Oxidative Stress""Identification""Mechanism""Apoptosis""Traditional Chinese Medicine""Cell"和"Mass Spectrometry"为主要关键词聚类类团;"Cancer Cell""Root""Performance Liquid Chromatography""In Vivo""Plasma"及"Inhibitor"等为突发性关键词;共被引文献主要分布在"Panax Species""Network Pharmacology""Chloroplast Genome""Quality Control""Apoptosis""Metabolomics""Chronic Kidney Disease""Molecular Docking""Biosynthesis""Proteomics""Chemical Profiling"和"Lung Cancer"研究主题。结论:遗传表达、鉴定、反应机理、氧化应激、细胞凋亡与质谱分析为热点研究对象;中药网络药理学、生物遗传与基因测序、肺癌等癌症诊疗、计算机与大数据在中药药理和分子水平诊断机制领域的应用、关于癌症治疗方面自然产物作用机制、传统中医在心脑血管疾病系统水平的药物靶点的关联特征、药对在中药配伍中的作用等方向或成为前沿性学术问题。  相似文献   
9.
BackgroundPuerto Rican adults residing in the US mainland experience a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A diet containing healthy protein-rich sources may help control risk factors for MetS.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate 2-year longitudinal associations between intake of various protein-rich foods and changes in the six MetS components.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study using data from the baseline (2004–2007) and 2-year follow-up visits (2006–2011) in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.Participants/settingParticipants were self-identified Puerto Ricans, aged 45 to 75 years, residing in Boston, Massachusetts, or the surrounding area (n = 1,126).Main outcome measuresMetS components were fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and waist circumference.Statistical analysisBaseline intake of foods reported in a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were expressed as servings/day, and protein-rich foods were categorized as unprocessed white meat, unprocessed red meat, processed meat, milk and yogurt, cheese, fish and seafood, beans, nuts, and eggs. Associations between each continuous protein food group and continuous 2-year change in MetS components were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and other dietary sources.ResultsThe top contributors to total protein intake were unprocessed red meat (13.3%) and unprocessed poultry (13.0%), and the lowest were eggs (2.92%) and nuts (0.91%). Higher intake of processed meats was associated with an increase in waist circumference over 2 years (β = 1.28; standard error [SE] = 0.63), whereas higher intake of fish and seafood was associated with a decrease in waist circumference (β = ?3.47; SE = 1.39). Intake of unprocessed poultry was associated with a decrease in triglycerides (β = ?24.5; SE = 9.13). No other significant associations were observed between protein sources and 2-year changes in MetS components.ConclusionsConsuming less processed meat and more fish and seafood and unprocessed poultry was associated with decreases in waist circumference and triglycerides among US mainland Puerto Ricans. Other dietary protein sources were not related to cardiometabolic health.  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundUnderstanding how vegetables are incorporated into the diet, especially in the types and amounts recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and how this alters dietary intake patterns is vital for developing targeted behavior change interventions.ObjectiveTo determine how a provision of vegetables was incorporated into the diet of adults with overweight and obesity; whether or not the provided vegetables displaced other foods; and what, if any, effect this had on diet quality and body weight and composition.DesignThis study investigated secondary outcomes from the Motivating Value of Vegetables Study, a community-based, randomized, parallel, nonblinded controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group using a one to one allocation ratio.Participants/settingMen and women with self-reported low vegetable consumption, aged 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥25 were recruited from Grand Forks, ND, between October 2015 and September 2017. Only participants randomized to the provided vegetable intervention group (n = 51; attrition = 8%) were included in this secondary analysis.InterventionDietary Guidelines for Americans recommended types and amounts of vegetables were provided weekly for 8 weeks.Main outcome measuresHow the provided vegetables were incorporated into the diet was measured using daily self-report and 24-hour dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed via the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Body weight and composition were measured before and after the intervention.Statistical analyses performedData were assessed using generalized linear mixed models where phase (pre, post) was the within-subject factor and subject was the random effect.ResultsParticipants self-reported using 29% of the provided vegetables as substitutes for other foods. With the increase in vegetable consumption, there were decreases in total grains (mean difference ± standard deviation; –0.97 ± 3.23 oz-equivalents; P = 0.02), protein foods (–1.24 ± 3.86 oz-equivalents; P = 0.01), saturated fats (–6.44 ± 19.63 g; P = 0.02), and added sugars (–2.44 ± 6.78 tsp-equivalents; P = 0.02) consumed. Total Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores increased (+4.48 ± 9.63; P = 0.001) and dietary energy density decreased (–0.44 ± 0.52 kcal/g; P < 0.0001). There was no change in total energy intake or body weight and composition.ConclusionsIncreasing vegetable consumption to meet Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations alters dietary intake patterns, improving diet quality and energy density. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing how individuals incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations into their diet.  相似文献   
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