采用儿童仿真模体研究胸部DR不同千伏照射下的有效剂量

目的 采用1岁儿童仿真模体计算胸部数字化摄影（DR）不同千伏条件下儿童各组织、器官的吸收剂量，估算并比较不同千伏下有效剂量。方法 塑料管分装的热释光剂量计（TLD）布放入儿童模体预留的插孔，在60、 70、80和90 kV时，自动曝光控制（AEC）模式下各曝光20次，然后回收TLD，回实验室测量。计算出不同千伏下组织、器官的吸收剂量，并分别估算出受照儿童模体全身有效剂量。结果 在60、70、80和90 kV时照射野范围内各组织、器官随千伏的增高吸收剂量逐渐降低。4个实验组中有效剂量分别为0.43、0.34、0.29和0.23 μSv。结论 儿童模体胸部摄影使用较高千伏可减少组织、器官的吸收剂量和全身有效剂量。     

��ͬʱ��Ӥ�׶���ǻ��沿Ѫ����TRAIL����DR4��DR5 mRNA�ı�Ｐ�����о�

目的探讨不同时期婴幼儿口腔颌面部血管瘤TRAIL受体DR4、DR5 m RNA的表达及意义。方法本研究于2013年3—10月在中国医科大学中心实验室完成。收集婴幼儿口腔颌面部血管瘤组织标本40例(增殖期血管瘤26例、退化期血管瘤14例),以及正常皮肤组织标本12例,应用RT-PCR检测TRAIL的2个受体DR4和DR5m RNA在其中的分布情况。结果增殖期血管瘤组织中DR4和DR5 m RNA的表达强度显著低于退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织中DR4、DR5 m RNA的表达强度较高,但二者之间差异无统计学意义。结论退化期血管瘤组织DR4和DR5 m RNA表达程度高,与增殖期血管瘤相比,退化期血管瘤可以更多的结合TRAIL,细胞凋亡增多,引发血管瘤消退。     

胸部DR高仟伏成像与CT成像在尘肺病诊断中的价值比较

目的 探讨DR高仟伏成像和胸部CT成像在尘肺病诊断中的差异。方法 采用随机数字表法选取2013年6月至2019年12月在合肥市第三人民医院（合肥市职业病防治院）住院的40例尘肺病患者的影像学资料，比较DR高仟伏成像和胸部CT成像对尘肺病患者及其合并症检出率的差异，并评价两种方法在尘肺病分期中的价值。结果 DR高仟伏成像和胸部CT成像对尘肺病检出的一致性较好（Kappa=0.648，P<0.001）。DR高仟伏成像对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期尘肺病患者的检出率分别为73.1%（19/26）、87.5%（7/8）和100.0%（6/6），而CT成像的检出率分别为92.3%（24/26）、100.0%（8/8）和100.0%（6/6）。对于Ⅰ期尘肺者，CT的检出率明显高于DR高仟伏胸片成像（P=0.003）。CT成像对尘肺病患者肺大泡、胸膜增厚及纵隔淋巴结肿大等合并症的检出率均高于DR高仟伏成像（χ_肺大泡²=4.501，P_肺大泡=0.034，χ_胸膜增厚²=6.275，P_胸膜增厚=0.012，χ_{淋巴结肿大}²=4.507，P_{淋巴结肿大}=0.034）。结论 胸部DR高仟伏成像和CT成像对尘肺病的检出率一致，但胸部CT检查更易早期发现尘肺病患者的影像学改变及肺部合并症。     

Sex differences in circadian timing systems: Implications for disease

Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex. These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset by internal signals such as hormones, and external cues such as light. The present review highlights the inter-relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a master clock synchronizing the phase of clocks throughout the body. Gonadal steroid receptors are expressed in almost every site that receives direct SCN input. Here we review sex differences in the circadian timing system in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG), the hypothalamic–adrenal–pituitary (HPA) axis, and sleep–arousal systems. We also point to ways in which disruption of circadian rhythms within these systems differs in the sexes and is associated with dysfunction and disease. Understanding sex differentiated circadian timing systems can lead to improved treatment strategies for these conditions.     

TNF相关凋亡诱导配体联合阿糖胞苷诱导HL-60细胞凋亡及其机制的研究

本研究探讨人重组可溶性肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（hrsTRAIL）单用或联合阿糖胞苷（Ara—C）诱导HL-60细胞凋亡作用及其机制。在体外以人类急性白血病细胞株HL-60为研究对象，分5组进行细胞培养：对照组、Ara—C组、rsTRAIL组、同时给药组（Ara—C＋rsTRAIL）、先后给药组（Ara—C→rsTRAIL）。采用MTT比色法测定细胞生长抑制率；应用Annexin V／PI染色和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率；使用流式细胞术检测不同浓度的Ara—C对细胞表面DR5表达水平的影响及rsTRAIL单药组、先后给药组细胞表面DR5表达水平和细胞内caspase-8活性。结果表明：rsTRAIL能抑制HL-60细胞生长并诱导HL-60细胞凋亡。先后给药组诱导HL-60细胞凋亡率大于同时给药组。先后给药组细胞表面DR5表达水平和细胞内caspase-8的活性高于rsTRAIL组。5mg／L、10mg／LAra—C作用于HL-60细胞24小时，其细胞表面DR5表达水平升高，大于对照组。结论：rsTRAIL抑制HL-60细胞生长．诱导HL-60细胞凋亡。Ara—C上调HL-60细胞表面DR5表达水平。增强rsTRAIL诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的作用。Ara—C和rsTRAIL联合用药时，在先加Ara—C、再加rsTRAIL组诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的效果比同时给药组效果好，其机制可能与Ara—C上调细胞表面DIL5表达水平和（或）增强细胞内caspase-8的活性有关。     

Thymoquinone Crosstalks with DR5 to Sensitize TRAIL Resistance and Stimulate ROS-Mediated Cancer Apoptosis

Objective: Cancer treatment using a targeted inducer of apoptosis like tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) faced the obstacle of resistance, thus providing a plus drug like Thymoquinone (TQ) could be of great interest to tackle breast cancer cells. The aim of the present work is to examine the genetic modulation impacts of the TRAIL receptors and apoptotic markers upon the combinatorial remedy of TRAIL plus TQ on human breast cancer cell lines. Methods: To achieve this rationale, the protein content-based cytotoxicity using SRB assay, as well as the genetic expressions of the TRAIL receptors (DR4 and DR5) and apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Cas-8, and FADD) using real time qRT-PCR technique were preceded against breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancerous cell lines. Results: The current study showed that the combination therapy of TQ+TRAIL significantly inhibited the protein content-based proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells more than MCF-7 cells. The synergistic effect of them significantly up-regulated the genetic expressions of DR4, DR5, Cas-8, and FADD genes and inhibited the genetic expression of the Bcl-2 gene in the proposed cell lines treated for 24 h. The induction of the apoptotic genes using the combined therapy was stimulated by the elevation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS); nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Conclusions: The synergistic influence between TQ which induced the DR5 and TRAIL, facilitating the connection between TRAIL and its receptors on the cancerous cell membrane. Hence, the proposed combination therapy induced the ROS-mediated apoptotic stimulus.