Purpose: The aim of the paper was to develop the simple procedures for preparation of inclusion complexes of ellagic acid (EA) with cyclodextrins (CDs) and to investigate their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Methods: The structural characterization was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. The phase solubility technique was used to investigate the interactions between ‘host’ and ‘guest’ molecules and to estimate the molar ratio between them. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of EA and inclusion complexes were determined.
Results: The apparent stability constants were found to be 117?dm3 mol?1 for the complex with β-CD and 161?dm3 mol?1 for the complex with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The results of phase-solubility studies showed that EA formed the inclusion complexes with CDs in the molar ratio of 1:1. The calculated half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 41.18?μg cm?3 for butyl hydroxy toluene, 1.96?μg cm?3 for EA, 0.88?μg cm?3 for inclusion complex with HP-β-CD, and 1.27?μg cm?3 for inclusion complex with β-CD.
Conclusion: The stability constants indicated the rapid release of EA from the inclusion complexes in the aqueous medium at 25?°C. The antioxidant activity of EA was increased, while the antimicrobial activity was preserved after complexation with CDs. 相似文献
Different kinds of chocolates produced in Serbia were analyzed regarding total polyphenol, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin content using spectrophotometric methods. Flavan-3ols and methylxanthines in all samples were determined with RP-HPLC. DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and ORAC assays were applied for measuring antioxidant capacity. The average of all four antioxidant tests for each cocoa product was used for calculating antioxidant potency composite index (ACI). Obtained results for all four assays have shown that antioxidant capacity of analyzed chocolate/cocoa extracts followed cocoa, polyphenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents. Although the addition of raspberries to dark chocolates had no significant influence on their total polyphenol, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents, statistical analysis showed that there was significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of dark chocolates with raspberry compared to plain dark chocolates (p = 0.007). Overall range for theobromine content varied from 5.5 to 22.3 mg/g depending on the product type, while the content of caffeine was 13–30 times lower in all analyzed cocoa products. In addition, correlation between antioxidant potency composite index and declared percentage of cocoa was high (R2 = 0.798, p < 0.05) and indicated that declared cocoa content was a reliable indication for antioxidant capacity of chocolates produced in Serbia. 相似文献
Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Botrytis) is a good source of bioactive compounds, such as glucosinolates, phenolic compounds and vitamins. In this study, the effects of some processes (i.e. boiling, steaming) on the sinigrin bioaccessibility as a major glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetables after in vitro digestion, also in vitro antimutagenic activities, total phenols and total antioxidant capacities of cauliflower were determined. The sinigrin content was reduced by approximately 9.6% and 29.1% in steamed and boiled cauliflower (p > 0.05), respectively. After in vitro simulated digestion, sinigrin content was decreased by 26.4% in raw samples, increased by 29.5% and 114.7% in steamed and boiled samples, respectively. In all samples, mutagenic effect to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 was not seen. When samples were steamed, phenol content was increased by 14.83%. After boiling total phenol content of cauliflower was decreased by 1.8%. Total antioxidant capacities (TAC) measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods were increased by 47% and 39%, respectively (p < 0.05) in steamed samples and decreased by 8% and 7% with boiling, respectively (p > 0.05). TAC in raw sample of cauliflower, which was investigated in phosphomolybdenum assays, was determined as 18.7 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/100 g. In all cases, the highest antioxidant activity was determined in the steamed samples, while the lowest antioxidant activity was in boiled samples. 相似文献
ObjectiveTo determine chemical constituents and antioxidant properties of essential oil from rhizome of the medicinal plant, Kaempferia galanga (K. galanga) Linn. (Zingiberaceae) in conventionally propagated (CP) and in vitro propagated (IVP) plants.MethodsIn vitro (micro) propagation of K. galanga was done by inoculating explants on to Murashige and Skoog agar medium, supplemented with suitable combinations of phytohormones; the regenerants were transferred to soil for further growth. Essential oil preparations of both CP and IVP rhizomes grown in soil, obtained by the hydro-distillation method were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activities of essential oil samples were monitored.ResultsMaximum numbers of regenerated shoots were found in the medium supplemented with 1 mg/L benzyl adenine and 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid. A total of 6 compounds were identified from rhizomes from CP and IVP plants that yielded 96.9% and 97.81% of the total oil contents, respectively. The major compound of rhizome oil identified from CP and IVP rhizomes was ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate in quantities, 82.01% and 71.77%, respectively, without any compositional variation. Antioxidant properties of essential oil preparations were assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. Moreover, antioxidant activities of rhizome-oil from IVP plants were better than that of CP oil samples.ConclusionsAs IVP rhizomes had better oil yield, those could be used for a large scale commercial propagation for sustainable use of essential oil. The principal chemical in the essential oil, ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate could help apothecary, for several ailments. 相似文献
Ballota limbata (Lamiaceae) has been used for its antispasmodic, antiulcer, diuretic, vermifuge and sedative effects in folk medicine. However, little is known about how does it work to produce these therapeutic actions. Present research investigated phytochemical components and antioxidant properties of methanol extract and different fractions of Ballota limbata. In this study, phytochemical investigation was done by performing different chemical tests. Here, antioxidant property of the extract and fractions was investigated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity by the phosphomolybdenum method, linoleic acid peroxidation, ferric thiocyanate analysis and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Methanol extract and fractions showed presence of numerous chemical principles including alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited higher scavenging activity compared to the other fractions under investigation. This fraction displayed 84.16±1.02% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical inhibition at a dose of 60 μg/ml. IC50 for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazylradical-scavenging activity was 13.53±0.22 μg/ml, relative to the standard, butylatedhydroxytoluene, having IC50 of 12.33±0.88 μg/ml. Thus, Ballota limbata showed significant antioxidant activity, which may contribute in the mechanism of above pharmacological actions. 相似文献
4-Nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) is found in Pothomorphe umbellata
root extracts and is reported to have a topical protective effect against UVB
radiation-induced skin damage, toxicity in melanoma cell lines, and antimalarial
activity. We report a comparative study of the antioxidant activity of 4-NC and
α-tocopherol against lipid peroxidation initiated by two free radical-generating
systems: 2,2′-azobis(2-aminopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) and
FeSO4/H2O2, in red blood cell ghost
membranes and in egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles. Lipid peroxidation was
monitored by membrane fluidity changes assessed by electron paramagnetic
resonance spectroscopy of a spin-labeled lipid and by the formation of
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. When lipoperoxidation was initiated by
the hydroxyl radical in erythrocyte ghost membranes, both 4-NC and α-tocopherol
acted in a very efficient manner. However, lower activities were observed when
lipoperoxidation was initiated by the peroxyl radical; and, in this case, the
protective effect of α-tocopherol was lower than that of 4-NC. In egg PC
vesicles, malondialdehyde formation indicated that 4-NC was effective against
lipoperoxidation initiated by both AAPH and
FeSO4/H2O2, whereas α-tocopherol was less
efficient in protecting against lipoperoxidation by AAPH, and behaved as a
pro-oxidant for FeSO4/H2O2. The DPPH
(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical assay indicated that two free
radicals were scavenged per 4-NC molecule, and one free radical was scavenged
per α-tocopherol molecule. These data provide new insights into the antioxidant
capacity of 4-NC, which may have therapeutic applications for formulations
designed to protect the skin from sunlight irradiation. 相似文献