Resin glycosides from the leaves and stems of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ipomoea digitata</Emphasis>

Alkaline hydrolysis of the ether-soluble resin glycoside (jalapin) fraction of the leaves and stems of Ipomoea digitata L. (Convolvulaceae) gave six organic acids, isobutyric, (S)-2-methylbutyric, tiglic, n-decanoic, n-dodecanoic, and cinnamic acids, and two glycosidic acids, quamoclinic acid A and operculinic acid A. Further, a new genuine resin glycoside, named digitatajalapin I, was isolated from the jalapin fraction, along with three known resin glycosides. Their structures have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data.     

Medicinal uses,pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Convolvulaceae plants with central nervous system efficacies: A systematic review

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders play a major impact on individual lives and place a severe strain on health care resources. Convolvulaceae is a family comprising approximately 1,600–1,700 species grouped in 55–60 genera, and many species are reported to have an effect on CNS functions. A systematic review of the literature studies was carried out to summarize available evidences on Convolvulaceae plants with CNS efficacies. This review is based on various data sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Wanfang Data. A total of 200 related articles were included in this review. According to the research result, 54 Convolvulaceae species are suggested to display CNS efficacies historically, and 46 species have been evaluated for their CNS efficacies. In addition, 67 compounds from 16 Convolvulaceae species are recognized to possess CNS efficacies. Despite great progress made through pharmacology and phytochemistry studies on CNS active Convolvulaceae species, more exploratory research is needed to gain a better understanding of the CNS efficacies of this plant family.     

Ipvelutine, 7β-Acetoxy-2α-(tigloyloxy)tropane,an Unusual Tropane Alkaloid from Ipomoea velutina R. Br. (Convolvulaceae)

Convolvulaceae provide a rich source of tropane alkaloids, however, 2-substituted tropanes have been described for only few species of this taxon. In this note, 2,7-diesters such as ipvelutine [7β-acetoxy-2α-(tigloyloxy)tropane] isolated from the vegetative parts of the Australian Ipomoea velutina R. BR. are described as a new group of tropane diesters.     

Pharmacological evaluation of Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ipomoeaasarifolia (Desr.) Roem. and Schult. is used traditionally in some parts of Africa for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This study attempts to validate its hepatoprotective activity by evaluating the prophylactic and curative properties of the methanolic extract of Ipomoea asarifolia (IA) leaves.

Materials and Methods

Liver damage was induced by administering 0.5 ml/kg of an equal mixture of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in olive oil intraperitoneally on alternate days, for 5 days and the plant extract was given orally daily, for 7 days at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg.

Results

Pre-treatment with the extract significantly (P<0.05) decreased CCl₄-induced elevation in serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, bilirubin and cholesterol, better than the standard drug silymarin at 100 mg/kg. In the curative study, IA significantly (P<0.05) reversed CCl₄-induced liver damage, comparable to silymarin. Hepatoprotective potential was further supported by decrease in pentobarbitone sleeping time and improved hepatic tissue histopathology.

Conclusion

These results indicate that I. asarifolia leaves have potent hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄-induced hepatic damage in rats.     

月光花属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

月光花属Calonyction Choisy植物是具有民族特色的药用植物,其中含有生物碱、挥发油、苯丙素等化学成分,药理实验研究表明其生物碱类成分具有较强的抗菌、消炎、镇痛等药理活性。本文综述了月光花属植物的化学成分及药理作用方面的研究进展,以期促进该属植物的开发利用。     

Novel Compounds with new Anti‐Ulcergenic Activity from Convolvulus pilosellifolius Using Bio‐Guided Fractionation.

Oral administration of the total alcohol extract of Convolvulus pilosellifolius Desr. (250 and 500 md/kg) showed potent anti‐ulcerogenic activity in absolute ethanol‐induced ulcer model in rats; it showed percent protection of control ulcer by 69.2 and 84.6%, respectively, while standard ranitidine (100 mg/kg) exhibited 46.2%. Bio‐guided work leads to isolation of two novel compounds (1 and 2), which were identified through ¹H, ¹³C NMR, HMPC, HMQC and DEPT as: methyl 2‐(hydroxymethyl) octanoate, named as amanitate, and 16‐amino‐9,13‐dimethyl‐17‐(prop‐1‐en‐2‐yl)‐hexadecahydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[a] phenanthren‐3‐ol, named as asmatol. Both compounds (50 mg/kg) possessed anti‐ulcerogenic activity with 95.4% and 55.84% protection, respectively. Two known compounds (3 and 4) were also isolated and identified through comparison with authentic samples and confirmed through different NMR techniques as kampeferol and quercetin. These compounds also showed anti‐ulcerogenic activity with 78.38% and 5.38% protection, respectively. The cytoprotective mechanism explains the potent anti‐ulcerogenic activity of the total alcohol extract and the isolated compounds. The extract was highly safe as the LD₅₀ was more than 5000 mg/kg. These results were well supported by the sub‐chronic toxicity study, as the extract (500 mg/kg) administrated orally to rats for 35 consecutive days showed no alteration in the liver and kidney functions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Key Role of Peltate Glandular Trichomes in Symbiota Comprising Clavicipitaceous Fungi of the Genus Periglandula and Their Host Plants

Clavicipitaceous fungi producing ergot alkaloids were recently discovered to be epibiotically associated with peltate glandular trichomes of Ipomoea asarifolia and Turbina corymbosa, dicotyledonous plants of the family Convolvulaceae. Mediators of the close association between fungi and trichomes may be sesquiterpenes, main components in the volatile oil of different convolvulaceous plants. Molecular biological studies and microscopic investigations led to the observation that the trichomes do not only secrete sesquiterpenes and palmitic acid but also seem to absorb ergot alkaloids from the epibiotic fungal species of the genus Periglandula. Thus, the trichomes are likely to have a dual and key function in a metabolic dialogue between fungus and host plant.     

H3, An Acidic Polysaccharide from Cuscuta chinensis

H3, a homogeneous acidic polysaccharide was obtained from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensisLam. Its structure was characterized for the first time by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be a highly branchedheteropolysaccharide with mean molecular weight of more than lxl0^6. It was composed of 1,6-1inked-β-D Galp, 1,4-linked-β-D Galp, 1,4-1inked-β-D GalA, 1,3,6-1inked-β-D Galp and 1,2,4-1inked Rhap, with branching points at O-2or 0-4 of 1,2,4-1inked Rhap and 0-3 of 1,3,6-1inked-β-D Galp. Its side chains included 1-1inked Araf, 1,5-1inked Arafand 1,3,5-1inked Araf at O-3 of 1,6-1inked Galp in the main chain.     

Antioxidant activity and functional group analysis of Evolvulus alsinoides

AIM： Many oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. A lot of studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. FTIR spectroscopy is used to develop a rapid and effective analytical method for studying the main constituents in medicinal plants. The chemical constituents in the plants were identified and monitored for their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. METHOD： Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of E. alsinoides was evaluated by in vitro methods, including total antioxidant assay（FRAP method） and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The degree of lipid peroxidation was examined by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances（TBARS） using standard methods and the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region 4 000–400 cm–1 was used for discriminatio and to identify various functional groups present in E. alsinoides. RESULTS： The findings indicated the presence of amino acids, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, organic hydrocarbons, and halogens in the ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides, and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, when compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION： The findings indicated promising antioxidant activity of the crude extract of E. alsinoides, and needs further exploration for their potential effective use.     

寄生草本植物大花菟丝子的研究综述

大花菟丝子是一种金黄色、无叶、多年生寄生草本植物,它隶属于旋花科,俗称发菜、鬼肠等.经研究,大花菟丝子具有止痉、抗惊厥、抗类固醇生成、降血压、助肌肉松弛、强心、利尿、抗病毒、抗菌、抗氧化以及助毛发生长等一系列药用作用.目前从大花菟丝子中提取的有效化学成分有岩白菜素、阿马别林、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、山奈酚、半乳糖醇、杨梅酮、槲皮素、香豆素和齐墩果酸等.本文概述了生药学和植物化学文献中有关大花菟丝子的研究结果,并从传统医学和生物学角度评价了它的医药用途.