知信行教育模式对肠造口患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨知信行教育模式对肠造口患者生活质量的影响。方法将60例肠造口患者随机分为实验组30例和对照组30例。对照组按肠造口护理常规进行护理,实验组在此基础上实施知信行教育模式进行干预,干预前后分别采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)、健康教育知识知晓率评价表,测评患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪情况、健康教育知识知晓率等,比较两组患者焦虑、抑郁情绪、健康知识知晓率的变化情况。结果干预后实验组焦虑和抑郁症状明显低于对照组,实验组健康教育知识知晓率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论对肠造口患者在常规的护理基础上应用知信行教育模式实施护理干预,可以减轻患者焦虑和抑郁症状,能提高患者自理能力,提高患者的生活质量。     

结直肠吻合术后预防性回肠造口与结肠造口比较的Meta分析

目的 比较结直肠吻合术后预防性回肠造口与结肠造口的并发症,探讨何种造口方式更具有优势.方法 检索PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library数据库公开发表的比较回肠造口与结肠造口的研究和相关文献.通过采用RevMan 5.0统计软件,合并及比较两者并发症,选择计算相对危险度(95％CI)作为效应尺度指标来评估这两种方式的有效性及安全性.结果 5篇随机对照研究和7篇非随机对照研究符合纳入标准,共计1687例患者.随机对照研究的Meta分析结果表明回肠造口组发生造口脱垂(相对危险度0.15,95％ CI:0.04～0.48,P=0.001)的风险较小,非随机对照研究的Meta分析结果显示回肠造口组发生造口脱垂(相对危险度0.26,95％CI 0.10～0.67,P=0.005)和由造口回纳引起切口感染(相对危险度0.28,95％ CI 0.15 ～0.52,P＜0.0001)的风险较小.对于其他并发症如吻合口瘘、造口旁疝、由造口回纳引起的肠梗阻及造口周围皮炎等,分析结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 两种预防性造口方式各有利弊,相对于结肠造口而言,更支持回肠造口.然而,到目前为止仍然没有足够的证据表明何种方式更具优势.因此,大样本的随机对照试验和高质量的研究需要被开展以进一步论证.     

Colovesical fistula caused by glucocorticoid therapy for IgG4-related intrapelvic mass

IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that can occur in almost all systemic organs and generally responds to corticosteroid treatment. We report a rare case of an IgG4-related intrapelvic mass lesion that responded to steroid therapy but caused a fistula between the sigmoid colon and bladder. A 71-year-old man was followed after treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Follow-up computed tomography(CT) incidentally depicted left hydronephrosis with an ill-demarcated intrapelvic mass lesion. This lesion was histologically diagnosed as IgG4-RD by open biopsy, and peroral steroid therapy was initiated. One month after starting steroids, a colovesical fistula was detected by follow-up CT. A colostomy and urethral catheterization were emergently performed. The patient recovered and the mass lesion was drastically minimized by the initiation of glucocorticoids; however, he still needs urethral catheterization. IgG4-RD develops in various systemic organs and generally responds well to steroids. Clinicians must be watchful for the complications of responses to corticosteroids, such as fistulization, when the mass lesion of IgG4-RD is adjacent to multiple luminal organs.     

Diverting colostomy is an effective and reversible option for severe hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy

A total of 738 continual CRP patients were screened.After exclusion,14 patients in the colostomy group and 25 in the conservative group were included in the final analysis.Preoperative Hb was only 63 g/L±17.8 g/L in the colostomy group compared to 88.2 g/L±19.3 g/L(P<0.001)in the conservative group.All 14 patients in the former group achieved complete remission of bleeding,and the colostomy was successfully reversed in 13 of 14(93%),excepting one very old patient.The median duration of stoma was 16(range:9-53)mo.The Hb level increased gradually from 75 g/L at 3 mo,99 g/L at 6 mo,and 107 g/L at 9 mo to 111 g/L at 1 year and 117 g/L at 2 years after the stoma,but no bleeding cessation or significant increase in Hb levels was observed in the conservative group.Endoscopic telangiectasia and bleeding were greatly improved.Endoultrasound showed decreased vascularity,and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an increasing presarcal space and thickened rectal wall.Anorectal functions and quality of life were significantly improved after stoma reversal,when compared to those before stoma creation.CONCLUSION Diverting colostomy is a very effective method in the remission of refractory hemorrhagic CRP.Stoma can be reversed,and anorectal functions can be recovered after reversal.     

Rethinking elective colectomy for diverticulitis: A strategic approach to population health

Diverticulitis is one of the leading indications for elective colon resection. Surgeons are trained to offer elective operations after a few episodes of diverticulitis in order to prevent future recurrences and potential emergency. However, most emergency surgery happens during the initial presentation. After recovery from an episode, much of the subsequent management of diverticulitis occurs in the outpatient setting, rendering inpatient “episode counting” a poor measure of the severity or burden of disease. Evidence also suggests that the risk of recurrence of diverticulitis is small and similar with or without an operation. Accordingly, contemporary evaluations of the epidemiologic patterns of treatments for diverticulitis have failed to demonstrate that the substantial rise in elective surgery over the last few decades has been successful at preventing emergency surgery at a population level. Multiple professional societies are calling to “individualize” decisions for elective colectomy and there is an international focus on “appropriate” indications for surgery. The rethinking of elective colectomy should come from a patient-centered approach that considers the risks of recurrence, quality of life, patient wishes and experiences about surgical and medical treatment options as well as operative morbidity and risks.     

结直肠预防性单双腔造口对比的Meta分析

目的 比较结直肠预防性单腔造口与双腔造口的并发症,探讨何种造口方式更具有优势.方法 检索PubMed,Springer,Embase数据库公开发表的比较结直肠损伤后单双腔造口的研究和相关文献.通过采用RevMan 5.2统计软件,合并及比较两者并发症,选择计算相对危险度(95％CI)作为效应尺度指标来评估这两种方式的有效性及安全性.结果 6篇回顾性研究符合纳入标准,共计1 999例患者,6篇非随机对照研究的Meta分析结果显示单腔造口组发生造口脱垂(RR:0.23,95％ CI:0.05～0.99,P=0.05)和由造口因素引起造口回缩(RR:0.21,95％ CI:0.04～0.99,P=0.05)的风险较小.对于其他并发症造口狭窄、造口旁疝及造口周围皮炎等,分析结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；但在造口缺血、坏死概率方面,双腔造口明显低于单腔造口(RR:5.08,95％ CI:1.94～13.22,P=0.009).结论 在结直肠损伤后,两种预防性造口方式各有利弊,但相对于结肠双腔造口而言,单腔造口术后并发症相对较少,更有利于患者的恢复,在严格处理造口血供的情况下,我们更支持单腔造口.     

前矢状入路直肠肛门成形术在肛门闭锁中的应用效果观察

目的：分析前矢状入路直肠肛门成形术在肛门闭锁中的应用效果。方法选取本院2010年10月~2013年10月诊治的肛门闭锁患者70例作为研究对象,将患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各35例。对照组采用常规结肠造瘘术,观察组采用前矢状入路直肠肛门成形术治疗。比较两组的术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率以及整体疗效。结果对照组中显效25例,有效9例,无效1例,总有效率为97.14%;观察组中显效22例,有效12例,无效1例,总有效率为97.14%。观察组的术中出血量明显少于对照组,住院时间明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组中有1例发生切口感染,并发症发生率为2.86%,对照组中有6例（直肠回缩和肛门狭窄各1例,切口感染4例）发生并发症,并发症发生率为17.14%,观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论前矢状入路直肠肛门成形术在肛门闭锁中具有良好的应用效果,值得临床推广应用。