生产车间的蟑螂侵害率及防制措施研究

本文对上海市区35个生产车间的蟑螂侵害率进行调查,观察到生产性车间有黑胸大蠊及美洲大蠊两种,侵害率达58.85%。在20个有蟑螂的车间内都有黑胸大蠊栖息,平均密度10.65只/m~2;而美洲大蠊仅见于8个车间,聚集性较强,平均密度达38.50只/m~2。对较干燥车间或地下室用1%乙酰甲胺磷糖水毒杀蟑螂,24h杀灭率达95.89%。     

Cockroach allergen extract stimulates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) expressed in mouse lung fibroblast

Objective: To investigate whether cockroach allergen extract can stimulate Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) expressed in mouse lung fibroblast.Materials: We established an immortalized lung fibroblast cell line, DM5, from PAR-2 deficient mice. By stable transfection with either an empty vector (DM5/EV) or an expression vector encoding mouse PAR-2 cDNA (DM5/Par2), a pair of lung fibroblast cell lines with or without functional PAR-2 expression were prepared.Treatment: The cells were exposed to cockroach allergen extract {up to 800 protein nitrogen unit (PNU)/ml}, trypsin (up to 100 nM), SLIGRL agonist peptide (up to 500 M), and trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRO agonist peptide (up to 400 M).Methods: The cells were loaded with Fluo-3 calcium indicator and mobilization of intracellular calcium with the stimuli was monitored by a fluorometric plate reader. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was examined by Western blot analysis using an anti-phospho ERK antibody.Results: The cockroach extract induced intracellular calcium transients in a concentration dependent manner in DM5/Par2 but not in DM5/EV. The activity was abolished when the cockroach extract was heat denatured or pre-incubated with PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) prior to the assay. Concomitantly, ERK phosphorylation was seen in DM5/Par2 with the cockroach extract but not with a heat-denatured extract. The responses were sensitive to an inositol-1,4,5 triphosphate antagonist (2-APB) indicating that calcium was mobilized from intracellular store.Conclusions: Cockroach allergen extract can activate PAR-2 and thereby stimulate mouse lung fibroblasts likely through protease(s). The present study proposes a potential mechanism for cockroach antigens, similar to house dust mite antigens, in the etiology of respiratory diseases.Received 29 February 2004; returned for revision 12 April 2004; accepted by M. Katori 22 April 2004     

河北省城市蜚蠊栖息习性及侵害情况调查

在城区内分单位用房和居民住宅两大类型为调查单位,采用药激法调查城市蜚蠊栖息习性及侵害情况。结果单位用房类型大蠊的侵害率为8-62 % ,小蠊的侵害率为8-27 % ;居民住宅大蠊的侵害率为3-41 % ,小蠊的侵害率为10-66 % 。结果表明本省城市蜚蠊栖息特点在特殊行业( 包括纺织厂、酿造厂、发电厂等) 的地沟以大蠊栖息为主,居民住宅和单位用房类型中的医院以小蠊栖息为主     

Calcium pathways such as cAMP modulate clothianidin action through activation of α-bungarotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Clothianidin is a neonicotinoid insecticide developed in the early 2000s. We have recently demonstrated that it was a full agonist of α-bungarotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in the cockroach dorsal unpaired median neurons. Clothianidin was able to act as an agonist of imidacloprid-insensitive nAChR2 receptor and internal regulation of cAMP concentration modulated nAChR2 sensitivity to clothianidin. In the present study, we demonstrated that cAMP modulated the agonist action of clothianidin via α-bungarotoxin-sensitive and insensitive receptors. Clothianidin-induced current–voltage curves were dependent to clothianidin concentrations. At 10 μM clothianidin, increasing cAMP concentration induced a linear current–voltage curve. Clothianidin effects were blocked by 0.5 μM α-bungarotoxin suggesting that cAMP modulation occurred through α-bungarotoxin-sensitive receptors. At 1 mM clothianidin, cAMP effects were associated to α-bungarotoxin-insensitive receptors because clothianidin-induced currents were blocked by 5 μM mecamylamine and 20 μM d-tubocurarine. In addition, we found that application of 1 mM clothianidin induced a strong increase of intracellular calcium concentration. These data reinforced the finding that calcium pathways including cAMP modulated clothianidin action on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We proposed that intracellular calcium pathways such as cAMP could be a target to modulate the mode of action of neonicotinoid insecticides.     

IgE-Binding Epitope Mapping and Tissue Localization of the Major American Cockroach Allergen Per a 2

Purpose

Cockroaches are the second leading allergen in Taiwan. Sensitization to Per a 2, the major American cockroach allergen, correlates with clinical severity among patients with airway allergy, but there is limited information on IgE epitopes and tissue localization of Per a 2. This study aimed to identify Per a 2 linear IgE-binding epitopes and its distribution in the body of a cockroach.

Methods

The cDNA of Per a 2 was used as a template and combined with oligonucleotide primers specific to the target areas with appropriate restriction enzyme sites. Eleven overlapping fragments of Per a 2 covering the whole allergen molecule, except 20 residues of signal peptide, were generated by PCR. Mature Per a 2 and overlapping deletion mutants were affinity-purified and assayed for IgE reactivity by immunoblotting. Three synthetic peptides comprising the B cell epitopes were evaluated by direct binding ELISA. Rabbit anti-Per a 2 antibody was used for immunohistochemistry.

Results

Human linear IgE-binding epitopes of Per a 2 were located at the amino acid sequences 57-86, 200-211, and 299-309. There was positive IgE binding to 10 tested Per a 2-allergic sera in 3 synthetic peptides, but none in the controls. Immunostaining revealed that Per a 2 was localized partly in the mouth and midgut of the cockroach, with the most intense staining observed in the hindgut, suggesting that the Per a 2 allergen might be excreted through the feces.

Conclusions

Information on the IgE-binding epitope of Per a 2 may be used for designing more specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cockroach allergy.     

国际航行船舶外来蜚蠊传入风险的logistic回归分析

目的探讨国际航行船舶传入蜚蠊风险情况及其影响因素logistic回归分析。方法从《口岸信息管理系统》内提取相关研究因素,采用单因素分析及多因素非条件logistic回归分析对影响因素进行筛选。采用SPSS13.0进行统计描述与分析。结果进行多因素logistic回归分析消除各变量间干扰因素后可见,对国际航行船舶外来蜚蠊传入存在影响的因素包括总吨位、船龄、船舶类型及卫生状况(P0.05)。结论对国际航行船舶传入蜚蠊风险性影响因素进行筛选分析,可有效提高口岸拦截水平,提高一线船舶卫生检疫和监督水平。     

内江市2011—2013年蜚蠊监测结果分析

目的通过对内江市2011-2013年蜚蠊密度进行分析,掌握其种群结构、季节消长和不同场所密度情况,为蜚蠊防治提供科学依据。方法在市区选择3个监测点,于2011-2013年每月中旬监测1次,采用粘捕法分别在农贸市场、餐饮、宾馆、医院和居民区不同环境进行密度、种群、季节消长和场所情况调查。结果 2011-2013年内江市共布放粘蟑纸6480张,回收6480张,捕获蜚蠊22 478只,平均密度为3.47只/张;优势种为德国小蠊,占捕获总数的98.09%;蜚蠊密度的季节消长呈双峰型,4月和7月各出现一个高峰;农贸市场平均密度最高为9.68只/张。结论内江市的优势种为德国小蠊,蜚蠊孳生地广泛,农贸市场是重要生境,应加大对农贸市场环境综合治理,有效控制蜚蠊密度。     

The major cockroach allergen Bla g 4 binds tyramine and octopamine

Bla g 4 is a male cockroach specific protein and is one of the major allergens produced by Blattella germanica (German cockroach). This protein belongs to the lipocalin family that comprises a set of proteins that characteristically bind small hydrophobic molecules and play a role in a number of processes such as: retinoid and pheromone transport, prostaglandin synthesis and mammalian immune response. Using NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry we demonstrated that Bla g 4 binds tyramine and octopamine in solution. In addition, crystal structure analysis of the complex revealed details of tyramine binding. As tyramine and octopamine play important roles in invertebrates, and are counterparts to vertebrate adrenergic transmitters, we speculate that these molecules are physiological ligands for Bla g 4. The nature of binding these ligands to Bla g 4 sheds light on the possible biological function of the protein. In addition, we performed a large-scale analysis of Bla g 4 and Per a 4 (an allergen from American cockroach) homologs to get insights into the function of these proteins. This analysis together with a structural comparison of Blag 4 and Per a 4 suggests that these proteins may play different roles and most likely bind different ligands.     

浙江省2006年蟑螂种群监测报告

目的：掌握浙江省蟑螂种群分布和季节性消长等动态变化规律。方法：统一使用粘捕盒诱捕。结果：全省11个市美洲大蠊和黑胸大蠊所占的比例均较少,德国小蠊已占70%以上。蟑螂以6～9月为活动的高峰期。结论：德国小蠊现已成为我省各市主要优势种,提示各地应将德国小蠊列为今后防治工作的重点。     

横琴口岸蜚蠊种群构成及季节消长

目的掌握横琴口岸地区蜚蠊的种群构成及其密度的变化规律,为口岸防控蜚蠊,防止传染病传播提供依据。方法用诱蟑盒诱捕。从2004.3~2005.2,每月上下旬各调查一晚,将捕获的蜚蠊带回实验室鉴定,分类,计数。结果共布盒1440个,捕获蜚蠊965只,以美洲大蠊为优势种,占72.5%。全年平均密度0.67只/(盒·夜),6月份密度最高为1.717只/(盒·夜),2月份密度最低为0只/(盒·夜)。结论横琴口岸地区蜚蠊密度不高,有明显季节性,4~7月为活动高峰期,进行杀灭效果较好。