Barrett’s esophagus: Review of natural history and comparative efficacy of endoscopic and surgical therapies

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Progression to cancer typically occurs in a stepwise fashion through worsening dysplasia and ultimately, invasive neoplasia. Established EAC with deep involvement of the esophageal wall and/or metastatic disease is invariably associated with poor long-term survival rates. This guides the rationale of surveillance of Barrett’s in an attempt to treat lesions at an earlier, and potentially curative stage. The last two decades have seen a paradigm shift in management of Barrett’s with rapid expansion in the role of endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for management of dysplastic and early neoplastic BE, and there have been substantial changes to international consensus guidelines for management of early BE based on evolving evidence. This review aims to assist the physician in the therapeutic decision-making process with patients by comprehensive review and summary of literature surrounding natural history of Barrett’s by histological stage, and the effectiveness of interventions in attenuating the risk posed by its natural history. Key findings were as follows. Non-dysplastic Barrett’s is associated with extremely low risk of progression, and interventions cannot be justified. The annual risk of cancer progression in low grade dysplasia is between 1%-3%; EET can be offered though evidence for its benefit remains confined to highly select settings. High-grade dysplasia progresses to cancer in 5%-10% per year; EET is similarly effective to and less morbid than surgery and should be routinely performed for this indication. Risk of nodal metastases in intramucosal cancer is 2%-4%, which is comparable to operative mortality rate, so EET is usually preferred. Submucosal cancer is associated with nodal metastases in 14%-41% hence surgery remains standard of care, except for select situations.     

Barrett食管伴滑动性食管裂孔疝腹腔镜治疗疗效观察

目的探究合并滑动性食管裂孔疝的Barrett食管患者经腹腔镜下治疗后生活质量和食管黏膜病变的改善情况。 方法回顾性收集首都医科大学宣武医院胃食管反流中心2016年1月至2020年12月诊断为Barrett食管伴滑动性食管裂孔疝患者23例，接受腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补+胃底折叠术，于术前和术后12周时行胃镜、胃食管反流病自测量表（Gerd Q）评分、反流症状指数（RSI）评分、健康调查量表36（SF-36）调查问卷，评估患者术后生活质量和食管黏膜改善情况。 结果23例伴滑动性食管裂孔疝的Barrett患者术后12周随访显示3例患者黏膜病变部分消退。患者术后GerdQ、RSI相较术前均有明显改善（GerdQ：5.78±1.54 vs 11.65±1.50，P=0.00；RSI：9.70±1.92 vs 18.57±3.01，P=0.00），SF-36量表仅在生理功能方面改善不明显（85.87±4.16 vs 86.43±3.12，P=0.31），生理职能、情感职能、活力、精神健康、社会功能、躯体疼痛和总体健康方面均明显改善（生理职能：66.43±6.13 vs 35.48±2.86，P=0.00；情感职能：73.74±4.91 vs 65.22±2.58，P=0.00；活力：56.96±3.80 vs 50.30±4.56，P=0.00；精神健康：62.09±4.89 vs 53.26±2.07，P=0.00；社会功能：81.39±4.42 vs 74.00±3.59，P=0.00；躯体疼痛：80.00±6.84 vs 75.30±10.27，P=0.00；总体健康：69.17±5.68 vs 60.17±4.61，P=0.00）。 结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补+胃底折叠术对伴滑动性食管裂孔疝的Barrett食管患者生活质量和黏膜病变均有一定改善。     

基于数据挖掘分析极光激酶A在食管癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨极光激酶A(AURKA)在食管癌组织中的表达与功能,并分析其对患者生存预后的影响。方法:基于GEPIA及Oncomine数据库检索AURKA在食管癌组织与正常组织中的表达差异;通过STRING网络在线数据库构建有关AURKA的蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,并将数据导入Cytoscape软件后采用Cyto Hubba分析插件筛选出核心基因;在GEPIA数据库中,基于TCGA和GTEx数据集分析AURKA与核心基因表达的相关性;采用DAVID网络分析工具对核心基因进行GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集分析;基于R2基因分析可视化平台分析AURKA的表达与食管癌患者生存预后的关系。结果:GEPIA、Oncomine数据库分析显示,AURKA在食管癌组织中的表达较正常组织明显升高(P<0.05),但与患者肿瘤分期无关(P>0.05);AURKA与CDC20 (r=0.78)、PLK1 (r=0.83)等核心基因的表达呈显著正相关,其生物学功能主要富集于细胞分化、DNA损伤检测点、细胞增殖、负性调控细胞凋亡等;参与细胞周期调控、细胞衰老、P53以及Fox O等信号通路的调节;AURKA高表达组与低表达组患者相比预后较差,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且核心基因CCNB1、BUB1B、NEK2高表达组患者的生存率也显著低于低表达组(P均<0.05)。结论:AURKA在食管癌组织中表达升高,且高表达组患者预后不良;AURKA与CCNB1、NEK2等核心基因共同参与了肿瘤发生相关的功能与通路,AURKA有望成为食管癌患者早期诊断、治疗及判断预后的候选分子靶标。     

透明帽辅助下胃镜食道异物取出术的临床效果及安全性观察

目的探讨透明帽辅助下胃镜食道异物取出术的临床效果及安全性。方法按随机数字表法将2018年1月—2019年2月就诊于驻马店市中心医院的94例食管异物者分为对照组与研究组各47例。对照组行常规电子胃镜取物,研究组行透明帽辅助下胃镜食道异物取出术。对比两组取物时间、异物取出成功率、黏膜损伤率、视野清晰度、患者耐受情况及并发症发生情况。结果研究组异物取出时间为(8.29±3.38)min,短于对照组的(15.15±4.68)min,差异有统计学意义;研究组异物取出成功率为97..87%,高于对照组的82.98%,黏膜损伤率为19.15%,低于对照组的38.30%,差异有统计学意义;研究组视野清晰度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义;研究组耐受优良率为82.98%,高于对照组的57.45%,差异有统计学意义;研究组渗血发生率为4.26%,低于对照组的17.02%,差异有统计学意义;两组穿孔发生率对比,差异无统计学意义。结论透明帽辅助下胃镜食道异物取出术视野清晰度较高,可有效缩短取物操作时间,改善患者耐受性,减轻食道黏膜损伤,减少渗血的发生,安全性较高。     

Gastroplastia de Collis robótica

The true short esophagus is an entity of controversy among surgeons. Studies have been published about its diagnosis and laparoscopic treatment, without existing to date, publication of the treatment with robotic approach. We present, as a case report, our experience in robotic surgery for hiatal hernia with true short esophagus treated with Collis gastroplasty and Toupet fundoplication. Robotic surgery on the true short esophagus can facilitate mediastinal dissection and allow a more accurate suture technique. Studies are needed to compare the long-term results of this surgical technique between the conventional laparoscopic approach and the robotic approach.