沉默Caveolin-1基因对膀胱癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨沉默 Caveolin-1（Cav-1）基因对人膀胱癌细胞株5637增殖和凋亡的影响。方法通过siRNA转染人膀胱癌细胞株5637（沉默组）,以转染 FAM-siRNA为阴性对照组,未转染细胞为正常对照组。Re-al-time PCR法检测Cav-1基因沉默的效率,CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖情况,流式细胞术检测各种细胞的凋亡情况。结果 siRNA转染可显著降低人膀胱癌细胞株5637中 Cav-1 mRNA 的表达水平。沉默组细胞的增强能力明显减低,而细胞凋亡率明显升高（均P＜ 0.05）。结论沉默Cav-1基因可抑制人膀胱癌细胞株5637的细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡。     

微囊蛋白1对哮喘气道平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制机制及罗红霉素的调控作用

目的 探讨微囊蛋白1抑制气道平滑肌细胞(ASMCs)增殖的可能机制以及罗红霉素的调控作用.方法 复制哮喘大鼠模型,光镜观察肺组织病理学变化,透射电镜观察各组ASMCs上微囊的结构及变化,用组织贴壁法体外培养ASMCs,实验设对照组(A组:含2.5％胎牛血清的高糖培养液处理1h)、哮喘组(B组:处理同A组)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)信号通路阻断剂PD98059组(C组:10×10-6mol/L的PD98059处理1h)、罗红霉素组(D组:100 mg/L的罗红霉素处理1h)、β-甲基环糊精组(E组:5μmol/L的β甲基环糊精处理1h);用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测各组细胞的增殖情况,Western印迹检测各组微囊蛋白1表达;逆转录(RT)-PCR和Western印迹分别检测ERK1/2mRNA、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)mRNA和磷酸化ERK1/2、MCP-1蛋白的表达.结果 C、D组ASMCs增殖显著低于B组(0.68±0.15、0.63 ±0.13比0.96 ±0.14,均P＜0.05);E组(1.26±0.11) ASMCs增殖强于B组(P＜0.05).C、D组微囊蛋白1表达均显著高于B组(0.332±0.057、0.392±0.064比0.237±0.032,均P＜0.05);C、D组ERK1/2蛋白表达均显著低于B组(0.241±0.017、0.268±0.007比0.346±0.009,均P＜0.01),E组(0.441±0.011) ERK1/2蛋白表达高于B组;C、D组ERK1/2 mRNA表达均显著低于B组(0.277±0.043、0.338±0.026比0.591±0.022,均P＜0.01).C、D组MCP-1蛋白表达均显著低于B组(0.198±0.015、0.286±0.019比0.482±0.026,均P＜0.01),E组(0.521±0.023) MCP-1蛋白表达较B有升高趋势;C、D组MCP-1mRNA表达均显著低于B组(0.212 ±0.042、0.249±0.032比0.676±0.053,均P＜0.01).结论 微囊蛋白1可能通过ERK信号通路抑制MCP-1表达,从而抑制哮喘ASMCs的增殖.罗红霉素可能上调微囊蛋白1的表达,抑制MCP-1 mRNA表达和翻译,进而抑制哮喘ASMCs的增殖.     

Caveolin-1对喉鳞状细胞癌抑制作用的体内外研究

目的探讨caveolin-1对喉鳞状细胞癌（简称鳞癌）细胞生长的影响。方法通过脂质体法转染喉鳞癌细胞株Hep-2细胞，筛选出稳定高表达caveolin-1的克隆，并用实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应和免疫印迹法鉴定；用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测细胞的体外增殖能力；免疫印迹法检测细胞中表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR）、磷酸化EGFR、细胞外信号调节激酶1、2（extracellular signal-regulated kinase，Erk1、2）、磷酸化Erk1、2，caveolin-1蛋白的表达；免疫共沉淀法检测caveolin-1和EGFR的结合情况；转染后的细胞接种至裸鼠皮下，观察肿瘤的生长情况，裸鼠移植瘤中caveolin-1、磷酸化EGFR、磷酸化Erk1、2的蛋白表达用免疫组织化学法检测。结果成功筛选到稳定高表达caveolin-1的克隆；与对照组相比，转染后的细胞体外增殖能力明显减弱；细胞接种到裸鼠皮下，未转染组和转染空载组中裸鼠均形成肿瘤（100％，4／4），稳定转染caveolin-1的Hep-2-CAV1-2组中裸鼠未形成实体肿瘤（0％，0／4），Hep-2-CAVl-3组中4只裸鼠中只有3只形成肿瘤（75％，3／4），但肿瘤生长缓慢，最终生成肿瘤的重量与未转染组相比明显减小（t=3．05，P〈0．05）；免疫共沉淀显示caveolin-1与EGFR在Hep-2细胞中是结合的；免疫印迹法和免疫组织化学法发现转染caveolin-1后细胞中EGFR和Erk1、2的磷酸化水平降低。结论caveolin-1能够抑制喉鳞状细胞癌细胞株Hep-2的生长，抑制EGFR-MAPK信号通路可能与其抑癌作用相关。     

过氧化氢对人晶状体上皮细胞内细胞质膜微囊蛋白的影响

目的探讨过氧化氢（H2O2）对人晶状体上皮细胞的细胞质膜微囊蛋白（CP）及磷酸化CP-1分布与表达的影响。方法给予人晶状体上皮细胞（SRA01／04）不同浓度及不同时间点的H2O2刺激。用激光共聚焦显微镜和免疫荧光显微镜观察CP及磷酸化CP-1的分布。通过免疫印迹试验观察CP表达水平的变化以及磷酸化CP—1的表达。结果通过激光共聚焦显微镜和荧光显微镜,观察到人晶状体上皮细胞的质膜和细胞质内含有丰富的CP;当给予细胞H2O2刺激后,细胞质内CP的分布增多;当刺激时间达到1h,细胞膜被破坏,但仍可观察到CP的分布情况。此外,H2O2的刺激可以使CP-1发生磷酸化。免疫印迹试验发现,随着H2O2作用时间的延长和刺激浓度的升高,细胞质膜和细胞总蛋白质的CP表达水平呈下调趋势。结论H2O2刺激人晶状体上皮细胞后,CP重新分布并可能破坏了细胞质膜微囊（caveolae）的结构,使得细胞的CP表达下调。细胞质膜微囊和CP可能在人晶状体上皮细胞中具有重要作用。     

甲基-β-环糊精干扰脂质微区影响脑胶质瘤细胞系C6侵袭和迁移的体外研究

目的观察甲基-β-环糊精(MβCD)破坏脂质微区结构对经体外培养的大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞系C6细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响。方法采用MβCD(5mmol/L)破坏经体外培养的大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞系C6细胞膜脂质微区,通过Transwell细胞侵袭和迁移实验检测细胞侵袭性和迁移能力;Western blotting检测细胞膜脂质微区结构蛋白Caveolin-1和膜受体表皮生长因子受体表达水平的变化。结果干扰组大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞系C6细胞Caveolin-1和表皮生长因子受体表达水平明显低于对照组(P=0.000,0.001)。对照组大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞系C6细胞穿过聚碳酸酯微膜数目为(54.00±9.59)个/视野,干扰组为(23.94±5.56)个/视野,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。对照组大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞系C6细胞迁移至空白端的细胞数目为(134.00±9.68)个/视野,干扰组为(88.00±6.22)个/视野,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论甲基-β-环糊精破坏脂质微区结构后可降低经体外培养的大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞系C6细胞的侵袭性和迁移能力,其机制可能与降低Caveolin-1和表皮生长因子受体等多种膜蛋白和受体表达水平有关。     

Evidence for cyclooxygenase-2 association with caveolin-3 in primary cultured rat chondrocytes

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the cellular localization of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) in primarily cultured rat chondrocytes. In normal rat chondrocytes, we observed relatively high levels of Cav-3 and a very low level of COX-2 mRNA and protein. Upon treating the chondrocytes with 5 microM of CdCl(2) (Cd) for 6 hr, the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and protein were increased with the decreased Cav-3 mRNA and protein expressions. The detergent insoluble caveolae-rich membranous fractions that were isolated from the rat chondrocytes and treated with Cd contained the both proteins of both COX-2 and Cav-3 in a same fraction. The immuno-precipitation experiments showed complex formation between the COX-2 and Cav-3 in the rat chondrocytes. Purified COX-2 with glutathione S-transferase-fused COX-2 also showed complex formation with Cav-3. Confocal and electron microscopy also demonstrated the co-localization of COX-2 and Cav-3 in the plasma membrane. The results from our current study show that COX-2 and Cav-3 are co-localized in the caveolae of the plasma membrane, and they form a protein-protein complex. The co-localization of COX-2 with Cav-3 in the caveolae suggests that the caveolins might play an important role for regulating the function of COX-2.     

小窝相关蛋白在乳腺癌中作用的研究进展

摘要：小窝及其相关蛋白与乳腺癌的发生发展密切相关。小窝外壳蛋白包括Cav-1、Cav-2及Cav-3,其中Cav-1最受关注,其作为抑癌及促癌因子影响乳腺癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭以及转移。Cav-2也具有抑癌及促癌双重作用,其既可与Cav-1结合共表达,也可独自发挥调控作用。Cav-3在乳腺癌中研究较少,其表达缺失可形成抗肿瘤微环境。小窝接头蛋白（Cavins）包括Cavin-1、Cavin-2、Cavin-3及Cavin-4。Cavin-1可抑制Cav-1诱导的细胞膜小管形成,其在乳腺癌中发挥的具体作用仍存争议。Cavin-2作为乳腺癌抑制因子,可通过阻断转化生长因子（TGF）-β信号通路,抑制乳腺癌进展。Cavin-3在乳腺癌中发挥抑癌功能,而其具体作用机制尚不清楚。Cavin-4与乳腺癌间关系尚不明确。     

Caveolae/caveolin及其对心血管系统调控作用的研究进展

Caveolae是细胞膜表面特异性内陷微区,caveolin是caveolae的结构蛋白,维持caveolae的结构和功能。Caveolae/caveolin参与细胞的多种生命活动,包括胆固醇的转运、信号转导和细胞的胞吞、胞饮作用。Caveolae/caveolin参与了心血管系统多种调控作用,包括对内皮细胞的一氧化氮合酶、平滑肌细胞的增殖、心肌收缩、心肌肥厚以及动脉粥样硬化等均存在调控作用。     

Caveolin,GLUT4 and insulin receptor protein content in human arm and leg muscles

Recent evidence suggests that insulin sensitivity is relatively better preserved in arm muscle than in leg muscle in both healthy controls and type 2 DM, based on measurements of basal and insulin-mediated glucose clearance performed simultaneously in the two sets of muscles. It has also been reported that glucose uptake rates are higher in arm compared to leg muscles in the fasted state during normo-insulinaemia. However, the mechanism(s) for this are unknown. Currently, no information is available on the content of glucose transport proteins between arm and leg muscles. Therefore, we compared four proteins, Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), Caveolin-3 (Cav-3), GLUT4, and IR-β, each of which plays an important role in regulating glucose transport between arm and leg muscles using muscle samples that were obtained from the deltoid (DEL) and vastus lateralis (VAS) of 14 male college pentathlon athletes before and after two swimming trials performed over 100 and 1,500 m. In the present study, we have shown the levels of Cav-1, -3, GLUT4, and IR-β measured together for the first time in human arm and leg muscles. There was no difference in the levels of these proteins between arm and leg muscles. Cav-3, GLUT4, and IR-β were unchanged from the resting levels after both exercise trials in DEL, while Cav-1 was increased (17%) at the end of the longer swim trial. In contrast, all measurements of Cav-1, -3, GLUT4, and IR-β after the 1,500 m swim trial in VAS were increased, by 120, 46, 123, and 60%, respectively. These data imply that there was no functional difference in glucose transport capacity between arm and leg muscles in highly trained pentathlon athletes in the resting state. Although Cav-3, GLUT4, and IR-β were unchanged from the resting levels at the end of both exercise trials in DEL, all measures, including Cav-1, increased after the 1,500 m swim trial in VAS.     

雌激素对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞囊泡素-1基因表达的影响

目的:探讨雌激素对血管平滑肌细胞囊泡素-1基因表达的影响。方法:取Wistar雌性大鼠,分为3组:假手术组,卵巢切除后皮下埋植雌激素组 (OVX+E组)及卵巢切除后皮下埋植安慰剂组(OVX+V组)。用药2周后处死大鼠,剥离主动脉平滑肌组织,提取总RNA进行半定量RT-PCR分析,检测雌激素对囊泡素-1(caveolin-1)基因表达的影响。为进一步明确雌激素是否直接调节血管平滑肌细胞caveolin-1基因表达,又采用100 nmol/L 17β-雌二醇(17β-E₂)处理培养的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞24 h,通过Northern blot分析检测雌激素对细胞caveolin-1 mRNA表达的影响。结果:OVX+E组大鼠主动脉平滑肌组织caveolin-1基因表达量明显高于OVX+V组,17β-E₂处理的培养细胞中caveolin-1基因mRNA表达量高于未用药的培养细胞。 结论:雌激素可促进血管平滑肌细胞caveolin-1基因表达,反映了雌激素心血管作用机理的一个方面。