Investigation of Direct Causes of Drug Relapse and Abstainers’ Demands in a Compulsive Detoxification Center in Wuhan City of China

Objective To identify the direct causes of drug relapse and abstainers’ demand, and to develop programs for the prevention of drug relapse. Methods Abstainers in a Compulsive Detoxification Center in Wuhan City, capital of Hubei Province were randomly selected. An investigation on the direct causes of drug relapse and abstainers’ demands was conducted with multiple-choice questionnaires and face to face interviews. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Results The direct causes leading to drug relapse included: temptation to use drug again by themselves or by their drug mates, seeking pleasure and ecstasy from drug use, relatively well off living, mental stress, irritation, demoralization, family conflicts, unemployment, feeling distrusted by the family, lack of care and love from the family, and discrimination by others. abstainers’ demands after detoxification and returning to the society included: care and support from the family, employment assistance, changing living environment, understanding by others, support from the society, and keeping far away from drugs. Conclusions Environmental factors are the direct causes of drug relapse, and negative irritation is its predisposing causes. Leaving former residence, more care and help given by both the family and the society and raising their overall quality of life are the demands of abstainers.     

脑肿瘤误诊原因分析

本文23例脑肿瘤误诊为其他神经内科疾病12种,其中误诊为脑血管病15例,占65%.作者结合文献对其误诊原因作丁分析:1.发病年龄、形式、临床过程及局灶体征均貌似脑血管病。2.忽略某些肿瘤慢性进展的特点。3.颅内高压不明显.4.局灶性癫痫反复发作对肿瘤诊断上的重要意义。5.临床表现形式特殊:如偏头痛,痴呆等.     

Group Similarities in Beliefs Concerning the Causes of Alcohol Problems and the Effectiveness of Means of Overcoming Problem Alcohol Use

Four hundred and eight respondents, who did or did not know persons close to themselves with alcohol problems, from four different racial/ethnic groups (with one group, Filipinos, categorized in terms of whether they were born in the Philippines or in the US.) rated the importance of 19 different causes of problem alcohol use and 22 different means of overcoming problem alcohol use. Rank-order correlations across sexes, persons differing in exposure to problem drinkers, and ethnic groups were nearly all in the 0.90's regarding causation. Correlations of Caucasians' ratings with those of other groups were high, but only in the 0.60's and 0.70'9, chiefly because Caucasians were more prone to regard problem alcohol use as hereditary and as a disease, and less likely to believe problem use to result from social factors. All across-group correlations concerning beliefs about the effectiveness of means of overcoming problems were in the 0.90's. Some of the means of treatment regarded most highly by all groups have not been demonstrated to be effective.     

Takayasu arteritis: Follow-up studies for 20 years

We reviewed retrospectively 126 (5 male, 121 female) patients suffering from Takayasu arteritis who had been treated in our clinics from 1971 to 1990. The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 80yrs old (1990) with a mean age of 48.7 ± 11.8 years. HLA typing analysis in 98 patients revealed that 45 patients (47%) were confirmed as carrying the Bw52 antigen, a high result that is statistically significant as compared with that in healthy Japanese. Arteriograms (performed in 75 patients) revealed that 28 patients (37%) were affected in the aorta and its main branches by this disease (type IV by Nasu's classification) and 23 patients (31%) were affected only in the main branches (type I). The C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) improved significantly from 2.55 ± 0.28(+) and 57.0 ± 5.69 mm/hr to 0.53 ± 0.12(+) and 31.2 ± 3.45 mm/hr, respectively after treatment including steroid and antiplatelet therapy (P < 0.01).=" patients=" with=" bw52=" exhibited=" more=" severe=" inflammatory=" conditions=" than=" those=" without=" bw52.=" lung=" scintillations=" performed=" in=" 81=" patients=" showed=" pulmonary=" arterial=" lesions=" in=" 50=" patients=" (62%).=" echocardiograms=" revealed=" aortic=" regurgitation=" (ar)=" in=" 44=" patients=" (35%),=" with=" a=" significant=" difference=" noted=" between=" the=" bw52=" positive=" group=" and=" the=" bw52=" negative=" group=" [29/40=" (73%)=" versus=" 11/47=" (23%),=">P < 0.001].=" patients=" with=" bw52=" were=" prescribed=" higher=" doses=" of=" steroids=">P < 0.05)=" for=" longer=" periods=">P < 0.01)=" than=" those=" without=" bw52.=" of=" 11=" patients=" who=" died=" during=" our=" study=" period,=" 7=" died=" of=" cardiac=" complications,=" all=" of=" whom=" were=" suffering=" from=" ar.=" hla=" analysis=" performed=" in=" 6=" of=" these=" 7=" patients=" revealed=" that=" all=" carried=" the=" bw52=" antigen.=" in=" conclusion,=" the=" retrospective=" survey=" revealed=" that=" patients=" carrying=" the=" bw52=" antigen=" showed=" more=" severe=" inflammatory=" conditions=" and=" progressed=" more=" rapidly=" to=" complications=" and=" the=" fatal=" morbid=" condition,=" as=" compared=" with=" those=" without=" bw52.=" this=" suggests=" the=" important=" role=" of=" gene=" disequilibrium=" with=" this=" hla=">     

重庆市交通警察截缩寿命研究

对重庆市交通警察1988～1997 年全死因和去死因截缩寿命进行了分析,结果显示:15 岁组平均期望寿命53.18 岁,较重庆市七区居民(1989 年)低4.1 岁,平均死亡年龄为56.53 岁,寿命损失量随年龄增加而增大。主要死因顺位为恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病和意外死亡(以车祸为主)。经研究表明,改善交警工作环境,延长交警寿命的任务还很艰巨     

急性重症胆管炎手术时机和死亡原因的探讨

目的 探讨急性重症胆管炎(ACST)病人的手术时机及死亡原因。方法 回顾性分析116例ACST病人的治疗及予后情况。结果 围手术期死亡10例。在中毒性休克6h内行手术者全部存活，超过24h8例，除1例幸存外，余7例均于术后1～4d死于中毒性休克、多器官功能衰竭。结论 ACST病人应在出现休克或精神症状之前采用手术治疗，越早手术效果越好；延误手术时机、严重并发症、高龄是死亡的主要原因。     

308例神经系统病残儿童病因分析

目的:通过分析近两年泸州市区及各乡镇神经系统疾病所致病残儿童的病因,探讨减少病残儿童发生的防治措施并提出相应的对策。方法:对泸州市区及各乡镇因第1子女为神经系统疾病所致残疾,不能成长为正常劳动力而要求生第2个孩子的308例病残儿鉴定审批表进行疾病分类、病因分析。结果:癫痫82例(26.6%),脑瘫79例(25.6%),智力低下61例(19.8%),脑发育不全52例(16.9%),脑炎后遗症34例(11.1%)。在各种疾病的形成中,生产因素(包括产前和产时)占50.0%,后天因素(包括脑炎后遗症、外伤等)占36.7%,遗传因素占5.2%,原因不明占8.1%。结论:认真做好优生优育宣传工作,加强产前检查、提高产科质量,预防早产儿及畸型儿出生对降低神经系统疾病发病率至关重要。对有神经系统病残倾向的儿童应早期检查、早期干预,以减少病残儿童的发生,减轻病残程度。     

2009-2011年湖南省计划外生育孕产妇死亡相关特征分析

目的分析2009-2011年湖南省计划外生育孕产妇死亡相关特征,寻找减少计划外生育孕产妇死亡的可控因素,为制定计划外生育人群系统保健工作策略及政策提供理论依据。方法通过湖南省三级妇幼保健网络收集湖南省2009-2011年的孕产妇死亡资料共572例。依据计划生育情况,将其中有记录569例孕产妇死亡个案分为计划生育内、外组,分析指标包括:孕产妇的人口社会学因素、孕期保健相关因素、分娩相关特征、死亡相关特征。结果计划外生育组与计划内生育组组间比较:计划外生育组孕产妇死亡中高龄(35岁及以上)和低龄(小于20岁)构成比显著增高(χ2=78.828,P=0.000);妊娠次数(χ2=60.319,P=0.000)和分娩次数明显增多(χ2=56.887,P=0.000);产检次数明显减少,尤其是孕期从未做过产前检查者明显增加(χ2=43.793,P=0.000);分娩地点级别低,尤其是在家中及其他非法接生机构分娩者增多(χ2=29.351,P=0.000);计划外组剖宫产终止妊娠者明显减少(χ2=16.624,P=0.000);死于产科出血等直接产科原因者明显增多(χ2=23.096,P=0.000);可避免死亡构成比明显增多(χ2=13.735,P=0.001)。二组间死亡孕产妇的城乡分布、家庭年人均收入、死亡地点分布等构成比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论计划外生育死亡孕产妇特点是妊娠和分娩次数多、高龄或低龄妊娠、孕产期服务较差,产检次数少、分娩地点级别较低、产科出血等直接产科死因及可避免死亡构成比高。     

核苷酸类似物治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化死亡原因分析

目的探讨接受核苷（酸）类似物治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者对生存期和死亡原因的影响.方法在60例失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化死亡患者中,20例曾接受过抗病毒治疗,40例未曾抗病毒治疗.结果两组在肝性脑病、上消化道出血、肝肾综合征和感染的发生率方面比较,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;在性别、年龄、肝炎病程和肝功能分级方面比较,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;抗病毒组和未抗病毒组患者肝硬化病程分别为62.5±41.1月和30.5±45.0月（P〈0.05）,3年生存率为75.0%和37.5%（P〈0.01）,但在5年、7年和9年生存率方面比较,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）.结论抗病毒治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化能提高3年生存率,但不能避免并发症的发生.     

妊高症的成因与护理

妊高症全称妊娠高血压综合症,是孕、产妇特有的疾病,多发生于妇女妊娠20周与产后2周。本文将从将从妊高症的成因与临床表现进行分析,并结合临床经验提出对患者采取有针对性的护理措施。