CT引导徒手腔内联合插植自适应后装与传统A点后装治疗宫颈癌剂量比较

目的 探讨CT引导徒手腔内联合插植实现影像引导自适应后装(IGABT)相较于传统A点二维后装(CP)剂量学优势,明确其在宫颈癌治疗中的价值。方法 选取在中山大学肿瘤医院行全量放疗的宫颈癌患者 26例,每例患者行4次后装治疗。治疗时先徒手置入宫腔管及2根插植针,后增加插植针数量并调整方向、深度,分别行CT扫描获得2套图像。勾画高危临床靶区(HRCTV),A点和危及器官(直肠、膀胱及乙状结肠)。在2套图像上分别行CP和IGABT计划设计,并配对t检验、Wilcoxon检验两者剂量参数差异。结果 以CP计划的覆盖指数(CI)进行分组,A组(CI≥0.90)包含20个CP和对应IGABT计划,B组(CI<0.90)包含84个CP和对应IGABT计划。A组的HRCTV体积及肿瘤直径明显小于B组(46.7cm³∶62.1cm³,P<0.001及3.1cm∶4.4cm,P<0.0001)。IGABT显著提高所有及B组D90%及覆盖指数,降低膀胱剂量,减少A组乙状结肠剂量,并改善剂量适形度及均匀性。结论 IGABT能提高靶区覆盖、剂量适形度和均匀性,保护危及器官,且对肿瘤较大的患者仍有优势。     

Computed tomography-guided transfacial buccal space core biopsy of deep head and neck space lesions: our experience

Deep head and neck space lesions can present a number of diagnostic challenges due to their deep anatomical position and difficult access for diagnostic tissue sampling. We describe a series of percutaneous ‘transfacial’ buccal space computed tomography (CT)-guided core biopsies of these lesions and subsequent histological findings. Six patients underwent CT-guided core biopsy of deep parotid, parapharyngeal, or masticator space lesions over a 30-month period. We describe our biopsy technique and correlate our histological findings with subsequent surgical resection where performed. Five of six of CT-guided biopsies obtained sufficient tissue for histological interpretation with varying findings, including salivary gland tumours and squamous cell carcinoma confirmed on subsequent resection. One patient was treated palliatively following core biopsy. No biopsy-related complications were observed. In our small series, percutaneous CT-guided transfacial biopsy via the buccal space has proved an excellent option for the minimally invasive tissue acquisition of deep head and neck space lesions.     

CT引导下125I放射性粒子植入治疗头颈部浅表恶性肿瘤近期疗效观察

目的探讨CT引导下~(125)I放射性粒子治疗头颈部浅表恶性肿瘤的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析28例头颈部浅表恶性肿瘤患者的资料,所有患者均接受CT引导下~(125)I放射粒子植入治疗,并具有完整的术后随访复查资料。观察患者术后并发症发生情况,并评价术后放射性皮肤损伤程度。基于术后6个月影像学检查图像,评价治疗效果,计算客观缓解率(ORR)及疾病控制率(DCR)。通过绘制生存曲线,获得患者术后总生存期及无进展生存期,并计算术后1年生存率及无进展生存率。结果术后6个月ORR为92.86%(26/28),DCR为100%(28/28)。术后平均随访(25.6±8.9)个月。28例患者中位总生存期为26.98个月[95%CI(22.55,31.39)],中位无进展生存期为16.93个月[95%CI(14.47,19.39)];术后1年总生存率为96.43%(27/28),无进展生存率为82.14%(23/28)。96.43%(27/28)患者术后放射性皮肤损伤为0～Ⅱ度,仅3.57%(1/28)患者为Ⅲ度。术后均未出现血管栓塞、破裂等并发症。结论 CT引导下~(125)I放射性粒子治疗头颈浅表恶性肿瘤近期疗效确切,且安全性较高。     

CT和腹腔镜引导下射频消融术治疗膈顶部复发性小肝癌的疗效分析

目的 探究CT引导下射频消融术（CT-FRA）治疗膈顶部复发性小肝癌患者的疗效及安全性。方法 选取我院2013年2月~2015年4月膈顶部复发性小肝癌患者69例,其中36例采用CT-FRA治疗为CT-FRA组,33例采用腹腔镜下射频消融（L-FRA）治疗为L-FRA组。对比两组平均消融时间、活性肿瘤残留率、并发症、住院时间、住院费用、平均存活时间及1、3年肿瘤局部进展率、总体生存率。结果 两组平均消融时间、活性肿瘤残留率无显著差异（P>0.05）;CT-FRA组住院时间短于L-FRA组,住院费用低于L-FRA组（P<0.05）;两组1、3年肿瘤局部进展率、总体生存率无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 CT-FRA、L-FRA均是治疗膈顶部复发性小肝癌的有效手段,但CT-FRA相对经济、简便、安全。     

CT引导下神经根周围阻滞治疗椎间盘源性腰骶神经根痛

目的 探讨CT引导下神经根周围阻滞治疗椎间盘源性腰骶神经根痛的方法和疗效。方法 对有腰腿痛的79例腰椎间盘突出症的患者，采取CT引导下神经根周围注射皮质类固醇加局麻药，观察患者腰骶神经根痛的变化情况。结果 79例均成功完成CT引导下的神经根阻滞术，43例完成了治疗后6个月的随访，其中25例(58．1％)效果好，11例(25．6％)效果较好，7例(16．3％)效果较差。结论 CT引导下神经根周围阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症所致的腰骶神经根痛，操作方法简便、安全、有效、微创，值得临床推广。     

CT-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Pleural Lesions: Evaluating Diagnostic Yield and Associated Complications

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and complications of CT-guided core needle biopsy (CT-guided CNB) of pleural lesion and the possible effects of influencing factors.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 89.2%, 86.1%, 100%, 100%, and 67.8%, respectively. The influencing factors had no significant effect in altering diagnostic accuracy. As far as complications were concerned, occurrence of pneumothorax was observed in 14 (16%) out of 88 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed lesion size/pleural thickening as a significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR]: 8.744, p = 0.005) for occurrence of pneumothorax. Moreover, presence of pleural effusion was noted as a significant protective factor (OR: 0.171, p = 0.037) for pneumothorax.ConclusionCT-guided CNB of pleural lesion is a safe procedure with high diagnostic yield and low risk of significant complications.     

子宫内膜癌单通道和六通道柱状施源器三维近距离照射的剂量学比较

目的 比较单通道和六通道柱状施源器2D、3D治疗计划靶区和正常组织照射剂量,评估三维近距离治疗在子宫内膜癌术后阴道内照射中的应用优势。方法 早期子宫内膜癌10例,分别置入六通道和单通道柱状施源器,CT模拟定位扫描后做治疗计划。CTV定义为阴道上段3 cm,黏膜下5 mm区域,处方剂量为5 Gy/次,共6次。分别制定不同施源器2D和3D治疗计划。比较两种施源器2D与3D计划CTV和OAR的剂量。结果 两种施源器2D、3D治疗计划均能很好满足CTV剂量要求。使用单通道施源器时3D计划可显著降低直肠D_{0.1 cm³}、D_{1.0 cm³}、D_{2.0 cm³}约18.2%、12.4%和10.7%。使用六通道施源器时,3D计划可显著降低直肠D_{0.1 cm³}、D_{1.0 cm³}、D_{2.0 cm³}和D_mean约36.6%、24.8%、20.4%和6.1%,并降低了膀胱和尿道D_mean。与单通道施源器3D计划相比,六通道施源器3D计划进一步降低了直肠、膀胱和小肠的照射剂量。结论 使用单通道或六通道柱状施源器进行阴道内照射时,2D和3D治疗计划均取得了很好的靶区剂量分布。3D治疗计划与2D治疗计划相比,能降低以直肠为主的OAR受量,六通道施源器3D计划进一步降低了直肠照射剂量。     

采用Max-Core活检枪经皮肺活检诊断肺周边及弥漫性病变38例临床研究

目的探讨采用Max-Core活检枪在螺旋CT引导下经皮肺活检诊断肺周边及弥漫性病变的价值。方法在螺旋CT引导下,采用Max-Core活检枪对中国武警医学院附属医院2002-02~2005-01收治的38例肺周围结节性和弥漫性病变进行肺活检。结果检出肺癌30例,其中肺腺癌28例,低分化鳞癌1例,细支气管肺泡癌1例。余8例中,肺结核2例,炎性假瘤2例,特殊表现肺炎2例,肺间质纤维化1例,未获得有意义结果1例。38例肺周边及弥漫性病变经Max-Core活检枪经皮肺活检获阳性结果37例,阳性率为97·36%。手术病人31例,活检枪病理结果与术后病理相符率为100%。副反应轻微,短期内均痊愈。结论螺旋CT引导下采用Max-Core活检枪经皮肺活检是一项简捷、高效、准确和安全的诊断技术,对于肺周围结节性和弥漫性病变的定性具有非常重要的意义。     

An Overview of Percutaneous CT-Guided Lung Biopsies

Percutaneous computerized tomography-guided lung biopsy is a valuable tool in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions because it is minimally invasive and has a high degree of accuracy. However, this procedure is not without its risks, the most common of which is pneumothorax. This article includes an overview of preprocedure planning, contraindications, patient preparation, informed consent, patient positioning, sedation, breathing instructions, recovery after procedure, potential complication, and recovery at home.