Fístulas posquirúrgicas de líquido cefalorraquídeo tras cirugía transesfenoidal de adenomas hipofisarios: análisis de una serie de 302 intervenciones

IntroductionTranssphenoidal surgical removal is the preferred treatment of most pituitary adenomas. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is the leading cause of morbidity after this procedure, with an incidence rate that varies from 0,5-15% in the main published series.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to establish the incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in a sample of surgeries performed at the University Hospital of La Ribera by the same surgical team. The secondary objectives were to: ascertain the distinctive features between patients with and without postoperative CSF leakage, identify risk factors for their development, evaluate the relationship between the surgical technique for closing the sella turcica and the onset of postoperative CSF leakage and evaluate different treatment regimens for this complication.MethodsThe data of 302 consecutive transsphenoidal surgical procedures for pituitary adenoma removal which were performed between 1999 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.Results and conclusionsThe incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in our series was 2,3% (in accordance with similar published studies). It was possible to correlate intraoperative CSF leakage with two variables: pituitary macroadenoma and tumors with suprasellar extension (P < .005). This correlation did not exist for postoperative CSF leakage. We found a statistically significant correlation between intraoperative and postoperative CSF leakage (P < .005). Due to the low incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in our series, it was not possible to identify risk factors for its development.     

Postoperative compensation after neurotomy in Meniere's disease: Retrospective study of 15 cases

Introduction

Vestibular neurotomy is a functional surgery for Meniere's disease in the event of medical treatment failure. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and complications of vestibular neurotomy, and to address the question of postoperative compensation.

Papillary tumor of the pineal region: Case report and review of the literature

Papillary tumor of the pineal region is a rare neuroepithelial tumor characterized by papillary architecture and epithelial cytology, immunopositivity for cytokeratin and ependymal differentiation. It is considered grade II–III by the World Health Organization and was first described by Jouvet in 2003. We present a 34-year-old male with headaches, blurred vision and normal examination. Radiological study showed a nodulocystic lesion in the pineal region compatible with pineocytoma. Surgery was performed using an infratentorial supracerebellar approach, finding a cystic tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern which was completely resected. Histopathology reported a papillary tumor of the pineal region. The patient made good progress without adjuvant therapy, and after 57 months of follow-up he remained asymptomatic and free of recurrence. A review of the literature was performed to collect all the cases published with gross total resection and no complementary treatment. In conclusion, there is still much to be learned about the pathogenesis, prognosis and management of this tumor.     

Tick-borne Encephalitis: Stroke-like Presentation

Tick-borne encephalitis, caused by the tick-borne virus (TBEV), is endemic in central, eastern, and northern Europe eastwards through Russian Siberia and China. For the year 2009, the highest incidence in Scandinavian countries was in Sweden. The clinical symptoms have a wide spectrum. We report a unique case of clinical symptoms and radiological findings compatible with a stroke-like inflammatory lesion in the thalamus, suggesting microangiopathy from TBEV. Our case shows that TBEV could be a possible cause of stroke-like lesions.     

Safety of growth factor administration for leukapheresis in those with WBC counts greater than 60,000/µl

Purpose: Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization using growth factors is a common method of stem cell collection for transplantation, however, little is reported concerning safety of continued growth factor delivery in exceptional responders with very high white blood cell (WBC) counts in preparation for pheresis. We performed a retrospective study of the safety of growth factor delivery for leukapheresis in those with WBC counts greater than 60,000/µl. Methods: Allogeneic donors received 5 days of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) at a daily dose of 10 or 16 µg/kg. Autologous donors received G‐CSF 10 µg/kg/day +/? chemotherapy until peripheral blood CD34⁺count reached 10/µl. Granulocyte donors received 300 µg dose of G‐CSF the day prior to donation. Results: Out of 3,037 leukapheresis collections from 1998 to 2005, we identified 303 collections from 204 donors or patients who had a WBC > 60,000/µl. WBC counts were ≥100,000/µl in seven of these subjects. If inadequate stem cell dose was obtained with pheresis with WBC counts this high, patients had growth factor dosing decreased 50% but still received a dose till stem cell collection was completed. Of the 204 subjects, 122 were patients and 82 were donors. These 204 donors/patients had no serious adverse events reported other than the common reports of myalgia, bone pain, and headache associated with administration of growth factors. Pain levels ranged from mild to severe and usually were managed by over the counter analgesics. Conclusions: Continuing ½ the dose of neupogen to complete the pheresis process appears safe in subjects with very high white blood counts. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:28–31, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Pharmacokinetics and brain penetration study of chlorogenic acid in rats

1. The present study is designed to investigate the brain distribution and plasma pharmacokinetics profiles of chlorogenic acid (CGA) after intranasal administration in Charles–Foster rats to evaluate whether the CGA molecules are transported directly via the nose-to-brain path.

2. The CGA is administered intravenously (IV) and intranasally (IN) at the dose of 10?mg/kg. Further, its concentration in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the whole brain is analyzed by HPLC-UV method.

3. The study observes that CGA is rapidly absorbed in plasma with t_max of 1?min similar to IV route after IN administration. The peak plasma concentration and AUC_0–24 are higher by 3.5 and 4.0 times respectively in IV administration, compared to IN delivery that represents the significant less systemic exposure of CGA in IN route.

4. However, the concentration of CGA in the brain is 4, 6.5, 5.3, 5.2 and 4.5 times higher at 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360?min, respectively in IN administration compared to IV administration. The exposure of CGA in the brain after IN administration (AUC_{brain, IN}) was significantly greater (4 times) as compared to the exposure of CGA in the brain (AUC_{brain, IV}) after IV administration reflecting significant brain uptake of CGA through nasal route. Therefore, IN delivery of CGA can be a promising approach for the treatment of stroke and neurodegenerative disorders.     

CSF1R mutation presenting as dementia with Lewy bodies

Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) is an adult-onset autosomal dominant leukoencephalopathy resulting from mutations affecting the tyrosine kinase domain of the colony stimulating factor receptor 1 protein (encoded by CSF1R). The clinical phenotypes reported with CSF1R mutations are variable. We present a case of a patient with a pathogenic variant in the CSF1R gene with clinical and imaging features suggestive of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). This case expands the known clinical presentations associated with CSF1R mutations.     

Primary fatty amides in plasma associated with brain amyloid burden,hippocampal volume,and memory in the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease biomarker discovery cohort

IntroductionA critical and as-yet unmet need in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the discovery of peripheral small molecule biomarkers. Given that brain pathology precedes clinical symptom onset, we set out to test whether metabolites in blood associated with pathology as indexed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers.MethodsThis study analyzed 593 plasma samples selected from the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study, of individuals who were cognitively healthy (n = 242), had mild cognitive impairment (n = 236), or had AD-type dementia (n = 115). Logistic regressions were carried out between plasma metabolites (n = 883) and CSF markers, magnetic resonance imaging, cognition, and clinical diagnosis.ResultsEight metabolites were associated with amyloid β and one with t-tau in CSF, these were primary fatty acid amides (PFAMs), lipokines, and amino acids. From these, PFAMs, glutamate, and aspartate also associated with hippocampal volume and memory.DiscussionPFAMs have been found increased and associated with amyloid β burden in CSF and clinical measures.     

血清和脑脊液中MMPs与TIMP-1在重症手足口合并脑炎患儿中的诊断意义

目的探讨重症手足口合并脑炎患儿血清及脑脊液中MMPs与TIMP-1变化,为重症手足口合并脑炎患儿早期诊断提供依据。方法以2015-01—2018-03于郑州儿童医院就诊确诊为手足口患儿100例为研究对象,其中普通型55例,重型22例,危重型23例,其中重型及危重型HFMD组均为合并神经系统受累的患儿,统称为脑炎组。统计分析患儿脑脊液蛋白、脑脊液细胞数水平及脑脊液和血清中MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1水平。结果(1)重型和危重型HFMD血清和脑脊液MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1水平较普通型和健康对照组显著增高,危重型增高较为显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)脑炎组血清MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1浓度水平较普通型、健康对照组组显著增高(P<0.05);(3)相关性分析结果显示,HFMD患儿血清MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1浓度水平和脑脊液MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1浓度水平显著正相关,相关系数分别为(r=0.719,P=0.001;r=0.638,P=0.000;r=0.704,P=0.000);(4)血清MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度水平预测脑炎ROC分析,曲线下面积分别为0.95695%CI(0.919、0.994)、0.95195%CI(0.906、0.996)、0.88795%CI(0.852、0.949),最佳截断点分别为103.59、96.34、108.64,相应敏感度和特异度分别为84.4%和94.5%、93.3和87.3%、88.9%和72.7%。结论重型和危重型HFMD合并神经系统受累病例血清和脑脊液中MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1水平升高明显,对于重症手足口病合并脑炎的辅助诊断在临床上具有重要的意义。