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目的采用两种不同方法分析耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)对多粘菌素B的敏感性,为实验室选择药敏方法和临床合理用药提供依据。方法收集昆明医科大学第一附属医院2018年1—12月分离的230株CRE菌株,分别采用E-test法和微量肉汤稀释(BMD)法检测CRE对多粘菌素B的敏感性,分析两种药敏方法之间的差异性。结果菌株主要来源以痰为主,占70.87%(163株),其次是血(33株,14.35%)和分泌物(15株,6.52%),病原菌分布以肺炎克雷伯菌为主(205株)。CRE菌株E-test方法的敏感率为96.52%,耐药率为3.48%;BMD法的敏感率为95.65%,耐药率为4.35%。两种方法的基本一致率为95.65%,分类一致率为99.13%,极重大误差为0.87%。结论多粘菌素B对CRE有较好的抗菌活性,E-test法操作简便,和BMD法一致性好,可应用于临床常规药敏试验。  相似文献   
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Teicoplanin formulations are marketed as antibiotic mixtures with several compounds that share the same core structure. Recent studies conducted in vitro have reported differences in the composition ratio of different teicoplanin products. In this retrospective study, we examined the trough blood concentration of the originator brand and a generic teicoplanin product. Target patients were retrospectively assigned to the originator (Targocid) or generic group. The groups were matched 1:1 using propensity scores. The initial trough blood concentration analysis identified 44 matches. In both groups, the median dosing day for the first measurements was 4, respectively. The initial trough blood concentration of the originator group was significantly higher (mean ± SD, 16.3 ± 4.5 mg/L) than that of the generic group (12.8 ± 4.7 mg/L; 95% CI, ?5.4 to ?1.6). A significant difference was observed in the frequency of serum creatinine elevation in the study of the frequency of adverse events using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (originator group, 41.9% vs generic group, 20.9%). In cases where discontinuation was necessary due to side effects, there were three patients in the originator group and one patient in the generic group. This study found that trough blood concentration differed between formulations. Therefore, correction might be necessary while monitoring drug concentration in the blood. Trough blood concentrations are used as surrogate markers for efficacy and safety, so further studies on differences in efficacy and safety between formulations are required.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

Introduction

infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) constitute a worldwide threat and are associated with significant mortality, especially in fragile patients, and costs. Meropenem-vaborbactam (M/V) is a combination of a group 2 carbapenem with a novel cyclic boronic acid-based β-lactamase inhibitor which has shown good efficacy against KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are amongst the most prevalent types of CRE.  相似文献   
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BackgroundTo describe the use of wall painting as part of an intervention to control an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB).MethodsAn interrupted time-series analysis was performed analyzing an intervention in a neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU) and an inpatient hematology department in a tertiary level medical center in Israel. The intervention involved wall painting using a water based acrylic paint following patient discharge and terminal cleaning with sodium troclosene as part of an infection control bundle for an outbreak of CRAB in a NSICU and concurrent outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization/infection in the same NSICU and the hematology department.ResultsBetween January 2013 and December 2018, 122 patients hospitalized in the NSICU were identified with new CRAB colonization/infection. The median incidence in the periods prior to/post intervention were 2.24/1000 HD (interquartile range [IQR] 0.84–2.90/1000) vs. 0/1000 HD (IQR 0–0.49/1000), respectively. Poisson regression indicated a decrease of 92% in the CRAB incidence following the intervention onset (relative risk [RR] 0.080, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.037–0.174, p < 0.001). Forty-seven patients in the NSICU and 110 in the hematology department were colonized/infected with CRE in the same time period; a significant change was not observed following the start of the intervention in either department (for NSICU RR 1.236, 95% CI 0.370–4.125, p = 0.731; for hematology RR 0.658, 95% CI 0.314–1.378, p = 0.267).ConclusionsA. baumannii is able to survive on environmental surfaces despite decontamination efforts; wall-painting as part of a bundle may be a successful infection control measure.  相似文献   
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目的探讨胱抑素C在轮状病毒(RV)肠炎患儿肾功能损伤监测中的应用价值。方法选取2012年11月至2013年3月因腹泻在我院儿科住院的患儿128例,按照粪便RV抗原检测结果分为观察组(RV阳性)88例及对照组(RV阴性)40例。两组患儿均进行肾功能相关检查并对结果进行对比分析。结果 RV肠炎患儿血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)和胱抑素C(Cys C)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(PBUN<0.01,PCRE<0.01,PCys C<0.01);RV肠炎患儿肾功能损伤发生率高于对照组,以BUN和CRE为诊断指标,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),以Cyc C为诊断指标,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);RV肠炎患儿Cys C异常检出率(44.3%)高于BUN、CRE的异常检出率(13.6%)。结论 RV肠炎患儿存在肾功能损伤的情况,Cys C作为一种稳定的肾功能指标,可用于RV肠炎患儿肾功能损伤的监测中,及时发现肾功能损害,并对其进行干预和治疗。  相似文献   
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The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections is increasing in the United States. However, few studies have addressed their epidemiology in children. To phenotypically identify CRE isolates cultured from patients 1–17 years of age, we used antimicrobial susceptibilities of Enterobacteriaceae reported to 300 laboratories participating in The Surveillance Network–USA database during January 1999–July 2012. Of 316,253 isolates analyzed, 266 (0.08%) were identified as CRE. CRE infection rate increases were highest for Enterobacter species, blood culture isolates, and isolates from intensive care units, increasing from 0.0% in 1999–2000 to 5.2%, 4.5%, and 3.2%, respectively, in 2011–2012. CRE occurrence in children is increasing but remains low and is less common than that for extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae. The molecular characterization of CRE isolates from children and clinical epidemiology of infection are essential for development of effective prevention strategies.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌的临床耐药性及耐药基因blaKPC的分子特征。方法 分析2017年1月-2018年12月某院临床检出的耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌。通过WHONET 5.6软件对药物敏感试验数据进行统计分析,采用PCR检测碳青霉烯耐药基因blaKPC、blaNDM、blaIMP、blaVIM、blaOXA-48,对PCR阳性产物进行DNA测序,分析耐药基因的分子结构特点。结果 共收集510株耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌,其中耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)420株,耐碳青霉烯非肠杆菌科细菌90株。菌株主要来自重症监护病房(ICU)、神经外科和呼吸科,分别占60.8%、11.8%、5.3%;标本来自痰、脓性分泌物、静脉血、无菌中段尿,分别占66.9%、8.8%、8.2%、6.5%。耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物具有较高的耐药性。PCR结果显示,420株CREblaKPC、blaNDM、blaIMP的阳性率分别为54.3%(228/420)、1.2%(5/420)、1.4%(6/420),未检测出blaVIM和blaOXA-48基因,其中肺炎克雷伯菌、产气肠杆菌、大肠埃希菌分别占携带blaKPC CRE的83.8%、11.8%、2.6%;其他少见菌种中也检出blaKPC基因。非肠杆菌科细菌中仅有2株鲍曼不动杆菌检测出blaKPC。DNA测序结果显示,174株携带blaKPC的菌株中173株检测为blaKPC-2、1株检测为blaKPC-1。结论 该地区耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌以CRE为主,其中以携带blaKPC-2的肺炎克雷伯菌占绝对优势,其他菌株中也均有发现。提示临床需重点加强耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的监测及预防,防控blaKPC的传播流行。  相似文献   
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