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《Drug discovery today》2022,27(5):1367-1380
The tremendous advances in genomics, recombinant DNA technology, bioengineering and nanotechnology, in conjunction with the development of high-end computations, have been instrumental in the process of rational design of peptide-based vaccines. The use of peptide vaccines was limited owing to their inherent instability when systemically administered; however, advanced formulation techniques have been developed for their systemic delivery, thereby overcoming their degradation, clearance, cellular uptake and off-target effects. With the rise of sophisticated immunological predictors and experimental techniques, several methodological advances have occurred in this field. This review examines contemporary methods to identify and optimize epitopes, engineer their immunogenic properties and develop their safe and efficient delivery into the host.  相似文献   
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《中国现代医生》2020,58(25):42-45
目的 分析重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)伴心力衰竭患者的影响。方法 选取2017年1月~2018年12月在本院接受治疗的ACS合并心力衰竭患者232例,随机数字表法分成对照组58例使用常规疗法和硝酸甘油治疗,治疗组174例使用常规疗法和rhBNP治疗;观察患者治疗前后神经内分泌激素和氨基末端脑钠尿肽(NT-proBNP)含量、心功能指标、6 min步行距离及治疗后发生心脏不良事件情况。结果 治疗后6 h治疗组患者血清醛固酮、肾上腺素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、肾素、去甲肾上腺素及NT-proBNP含量较治疗前、对照组降低(P0.05);治疗后1个月治疗组患者LVEF较治疗前、对照组升高,LVESV、LVEDV较治疗前、对照组降低(P0.05);治疗后1个月治疗组患者6 min步行距离较治疗前、对照组升高,治疗后6个月治疗组心脏不良事件发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 rhBNP可显著改善ACS合并心力衰竭患者心功能指标,降低血清神经内分泌激素、NTproBNP含量和心脏不良事件发生率。  相似文献   
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【摘要】 目的 观察重组人脑利钠钛和硝酸甘油治疗难治性心力衰竭的疗效和安全性。方法 选取2018年1月~〖JP〗2019年3月就诊于本院的难治性心力衰竭患者164例,入选患者随机分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组84例应用硝酸甘油治疗,观察组80例应用重组人脑利钠钛治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后N端前脑钠肽(NT proBNP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、总有效率及两组患者呼吸困难、周身水肿、肺部啰音的改善情况。安全性评估采用用药过程中及用药后定期测定血压、心率,并对治疗过程中所有不良反应进行记录。结果 治疗后两组NT proBNP、LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD较治疗前均有改善,且观察组治疗前后LVEDD、LVESD改善较对照组更明显(P<0.05);观察组总有效率优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组呼吸困难、周身水肿、肺部啰音程度的改善均优于对照组(P<0.05);两组NT proBNP、LVEF改善比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组药物相关的不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 重组人脑利钠钛较硝酸甘油更能显著改善难治性心力衰竭患者的心功能和全身症状,其安全性与硝酸甘油类似。  相似文献   
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A number of unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by Danish customs authorities were submitted for liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) analysis. Comparison with reference standards unequivocally identified the content of the powders as analogs of the growth hormone secretagogues GHRP‐2 (Pralmorelin), GHRP‐6, Ipamorelin, and modified growth hormone releasing factor (modified GRF 1–29), which can be used as performance‐enhancing substances in sports. In all cases, the detected modification involved the addition of an extra glycine amino acid at the N‐terminus, and analytical methods targeting growth hormone secretagogues should hence be updated accordingly.  相似文献   
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Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNEN) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with differing pathological, genetic, and clinical features. Based on clinical findings, they may be categorized into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors. Adoption of the 2017 World Health Organization classification system, particularly its differentiation between grade 3, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNET) and grade 3, poorly-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (panNEC) has emphasized the role imaging plays in characterizing these lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound can help obtain biopsy specimen and assess tumor margins and local spread. Enhancement patterns on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to classify panNEN. Contrast enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging have been reported to be useful for characterization of panNEN and quantifying metastatic burden. Current and emerging radiotracers have broadened the utility of functional imaging in evaluating panNEN. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and somatostatin receptor imaging such as Gallium-68 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid–octreotate PET/CT may be useful for improved identification of panNEN in comparison to anatomic modalities. These new techniques can also play a direct role in optimizing the selection of treatment for individuals and predicting tumor response based on somatostatin receptor expression. In addition, emerging methods of radiomics such as texture analysis may be a potential tool for staging and outcome prediction in panNEN, however further investigation is required before clinical implementation.  相似文献   
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中国生化制药工业协会多肽分会日前召开多肽药物专家共识研讨会,专家们就中国多肽药物发展现状,发展重点方向及对相关部门的建议达成共识。  相似文献   
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ObjectiveTo investigate the potential role of US in the detection of ILD in a cohort of patients with RA.MethodsPatients with diagnosis of RA were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent pulmonary examination, laboratory data, DLCO measure, chest HRCT and radiographs, and US examination. A healthy group was included as control group. US was performed according the 14-intercostal space scanning protocol using the following semiquantitative scale [0 = normal (≤ 5 B-lines); 1 = slight (≥ 6 and ≤ 15 B-lines); 2 = moderate, (≤ 16 and ≥ 30 B-lines); 3 = severe (≥ 30 B-lines)].ResultsA total of 74 RA patients and 74 healthy controls were included. Thirty of 74 patients (40.5%) showed US signs of ILD with respect to the healthy controls (3 subjects, 4.1%) (P < 0.001); whereas HRCT showed ILD in 27 (36.4%) of 74 patients. Among the 30 patients that showed US findings of ILD, 17 (56.6%) were asymptomatic from respiratory view-point. The sensitivity and specificity of US were 92% and 89% respectively. A positive correlation between US and HRCT findings were found (P < 0.001) whereas no correlation was found with chest radiographs and DLCO findings. Positive association between US findings and DAS28-ESR, anti-CCP and RF (P < 0.01 for each respectively) was found. Feasibility, represented by the mean time spent to perform the pulmonary US assessment was 7.8 minutes (± SD 1.2, range 6 to 10 minutes).ConclusionsOur results support the potential of US in detect accurately ILD in patients with RA and provide a rationale to consider it as a friendly screening tool to be implemented in early phases of the disease.  相似文献   
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