2型糖尿病患者扫描式葡萄糖监测系统指标与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值的相关性研究

背景 随着血糖监测技术的发展，近些年来人们开始使用扫描式葡萄糖监测系统（FGMS）"全景式"地观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的血糖水平，明确FGMS指标与T2DM并发症之间的关系有助于提高其临床应用价值，但目前相关研究较少。 目的 探究佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者葡萄糖在目标范围内时间（TIR）等指标与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）的相关性。 方法 选取2019年1月至2021年10月于北京大学人民医院老年科就诊并佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者79例，以尿液检查中UACR是否<30 mg/g将患者分为无白蛋白尿组（n=50）和白蛋白尿组（n=29）。比较两组患者的临床特征、实验室检查指标及FGMS指标等。采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析探讨TIR、高血糖时间（TAR）与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的相关性。分别采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析探讨FGMS指标与lnUACR的相关性。使用多因素Logistic回归分析探究T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的影响因素，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估TIR对白蛋白尿的预测价值。 结果 白蛋白尿组T2DM病程长于无白蛋白尿组，三酰甘油（TG）、HbA1c、平均血糖（MBG）、TAR、平均血糖标准差（SDBG）、最大葡萄糖波动幅度（LAGE）、平均葡萄糖波动幅度（MAGE）、连续每隔2 h血糖净作用（CONGA2）高于无白蛋白尿组，TIR低于无白蛋白尿组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析结果显示，TIR与HbA1c呈负相关（P<0.001），TAR与HbA1c呈正相关（P<0.001）。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析结果均表明，TIR与lnUACR呈负相关（P<0.001），MBG、TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2与lnUACR呈正相关（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，TIR>70%〔OR=0.038，95%CI（0.003，0.467）〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素（P<0.05），TAR升高〔OR=1.046，95%CI（1.000，1.094）〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素（P<0.05）。TIR预测T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.784〔95%CI（0.674，0.894）〕（P=0.003），灵敏度为78%，特异度为83%，最佳切点为69.71%。 结论 在FGMS指标中，TIR>70%是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素，TAR升高是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素。同时，SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2等多种反映血糖波动的指标也与UACR密切相关。对TIR水平较低及TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2水平较高的T2DM患者进行FGMS筛查有助于早期识别及预防白蛋白尿的发生、发展。     

The effect of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine on arterial thrombosis development and platelet aggregation in female rats

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 adenoviral vector vaccine (ChAd) against coronavirus disease 2019 has been associated with vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT), especially in young women who have presented with unusual localized thrombosis after receiving the vaccine. The pathogenesis of VITT remains incompletely understood. We tried to provide new insights into mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in the model of arterial thrombosis electrically induced in the carotid artery of female rats. At 28 days post-vaccination, ChAd induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody responses in all animals. The analysis of the blood vessel/thrombus area showed slight luminal narrowing of the carotid artery with extravasation of blood in vaccinated rats. These small changes were not accompanied by differences in thrombus weight and composition. The vaccinated animals presented a slight increase (by around 14–24%) in platelet aggregation. ChAd did not significantly affect blood coagulation, platelet counts, and their activation markers. Unaffected thrombus formation, the lack of thrombocytopenia and all the measured blood and hemostasis parameters that predominantly stayed unchanged, indicate that the ChAd does not increase the risk of arterial thrombosis development in female rats.     

不同输血方式对胃癌根治术围术期患者免疫功能及预后的影响分析

目的探讨不同输血方式对胃癌根治术围术期患者免疫功能及预后的影响。方法以收治的62例胃癌患者为研究对象(均行胃癌根治术治疗)。根据围术期输血方式的不同分为2组,各31例。研究组采取自体输血,而对照组采取异体输血方式,比较2组患者的临床疗效等差异。结果研究组患者围术期相关指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);术前两组炎性指标无差异(P>0.05),而术后研究组炎性指标较对照组高(P<0.05);术前两组免疫细胞指标无差异(P>0.05),而术后研究组免疫细胞指标较对照组高(P<0.05);术后1年,两组生存率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论自体输血和异体输血相比,几乎不影响胃癌患者的免疫功能,在不改变患者远期预后的情况下,可显著加快患者的术后恢复速度,值得临床推广应用。     

舌三针联合康复训练对脑梗死后假性延髓麻痹所致构音障碍的疗效观察

目的:探讨舌三针联合康复训练对脑梗死后假性延髓麻痹所致构音障碍疗效,以期提高脑卒中后患者生命质量。方法:选取2016年12月至2019年1月海南省人民医院收治的脑梗死后假性延髓麻痹所致构音障碍患者78例进行回顾性分析,按照治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组,每组39例。对照组常规西医+康复训练治疗,观察组在以上基础上加用舌三针治疗,均连续治疗6周。观察2组治疗前、完成治疗后血脂、Frenchay构音评分、血液流变学、言语空气动力学指标变化并比较。完成治疗后总结疗效情况。结果:1)2组治疗完成后反射、呼吸、唇、颌、软腭、喉、舌、言语评分和治疗前比较均显著上升(P<0.05),且观察组上升幅度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)2组治疗完成后三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)较治疗前均显著下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较治疗前比较均显著上升(P<0.05),且观察组上升幅度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)2组治疗完成后全血高低切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。4)对照组治疗前、完成治疗后各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组治疗完成后平均声压级(MSDV)、音调(P)、最长发声时间(MPT)、平均气流率(MFR)、声门下压(SGP)、声门阻力(GR)、发声效率(VE)较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。5)观察组治愈率38.46%、总有效率89.74%,显著高于对照组治愈率23.08%、总有效率79.49%(P<0.05)。结论:舌三针联合康复训练能通过促进脑微循环,改善血脂,促进言语功能来改善脑梗死后假性延髓麻痹所致构音障碍症状,提高生命质量。     

子宫内膜癌三维超声血管血流参数与病理学预后指标的相关性

目的探讨子宫内膜癌三维超声血管血流参数与病理学预后指标的相关性。方法选择子宫内膜良性病变患者120例(良性组)与子宫内膜癌患者120例(癌变组),所有患者给予三维超声,记录血管血流参数;采用免疫组化法检测两组病灶病理学预后指标(IGF-1、IGF-2)表达情况并进行相关性分析。结果癌变组的超声病灶形态、内膜回声、增强强度、增强均度与良性组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌变组的IGF-1、IGF-2表达阳性率分别为90.8%、74.2%,显著高于良性组的28.3%、36.7%。癌变组中三维超声血流分级与良性组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在癌变组中,直线相关分析显示三维超声血流分级与IGF-1、IGF-2表达阳性率呈显著正相关性(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜癌患者多表现为IGF-1、IGF-2的高表达,三维超声血管血流分级程度比较高,两者存在相关性,可共同影响子宫内膜癌的发生。     

Maximizing Breast Cancer Therapy with Awareness of Potential Treatment-Related Blood Disorders

In this review we summarize the impact of the various modalities of breast cancer therapy coupled with intrinsic patient factors on incidence of subsequent treatment-induced myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia (t-MDS/AML). It is clear that risk is increased for patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy at younger ages. Radiation is associated with modest risk, whereas chemotherapy, particularly the combination of an alkylating agent and an anthracycline, carries higher risk and radiation and chemotherapy combined increase the risk markedly. Recently, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), but not pegylated G-CSF, has been identified as a factor associated with increased t-MDS/AML risk. Two newly identified associations may link homologous DNA repair gene deficiency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment to increased t-MDS/AML risk. When predisposing factors, such as young age, are combined with an increasing number of potentially leukemogenic treatments that may not confer large risk singly, the risk of t-MDS/AML appears to increase. Patient and treatment factors combine to form a biological cascade that can trigger a myelodysplastic event. Patients with breast cancer are often exposed to many of these risk factors in the course of their treatment, and triple-negative patients, who are often younger and/or BRCA positive, are often exposed to all of them. It is important going forward to identify effective therapies without these adverse associated effects and choose existing therapies that minimize the risk of t-MDS/AML without sacrificing therapeutic gain.

Implications for Practice

Breast cancer is far more curable than in the past but requires multimodality treatment. Great care must be taken to use the least leukemogenic treatment programs that do not sacrifice efficacy. Elimination of radiation and anthracycline/alkylating agent regimens will be helpful where possible, particularly in younger patients and possibly those with homologous repair deficiency (HRD). Use of colony-stimulating factors should be limited to those who truly require them for safe chemotherapy administration. Further study of a possible leukemogenic association with HRD and the various forms of colony-stimulating factors is badly needed.