Feeding practice of infants and their correlates in urban areas of Beijing, China

BACKGROUND: Optimal feeding practice in the first year of life is crucial for the survival and health of infants, and has long-term consequences in later life. However, non-optimal feeding practices exist widely. The present study aims to explore various constraints to optimal feeding practices in the first year of life of infants in urban areas of Beijing, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban areas of Beijing from 4 July to 20 August, 1998. Two hundred and fifty-one mothers of infants aged 6-12 months were chosen from six child health centers in three different urban districts in Beijing. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding feeding practices and potentially related factors. RESULTS: Feeding practice for most of the infants was in accordance with the national and international recommendations. However, the rate of incidence of exclusive breast-feeding at 3 months of age was lower than that recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) (55.8%), and the introduction of solid/semisolid food before 4 months of age was found in approximately 19.3% of the infants. Cow's milk was given to 21.2% of infants from 6 months of age as the sole source of milk or as a supplement. Maternal education level (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.42-4.19, P < 0.05), employment (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.13-3.74, P < 0.05) and antenatal nonexclusive breast-feeding plans (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.24-7.50, P < 0.001) were found to be correlated to inappropriate feeding practices. CONCLUSIONS: The feeding practices for most of the urban infants was found to be in accordance with the Chinese government and WHO recommendations; however, non-optimal feeding practices presenting as the early cessation of breast-feeding and the introduction of solid/semisolid foods existed. Information regarding optimal feeding practices should be disseminated to mothers and medical professionals in China, to ensure optimal infant health.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines in Beijing: A modeling analysis

BackgroundSince 2007, Beijing has offered a free trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) for residents aged ≥ 60 years and school students. The quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) was administered to school children in 2018 and will be administered to elderly adults in the future. In addition, health care workers (HCWs) who are involved in the prevention and control of COVID-19 were included in the program in 2020. This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive list of combined strategies of TIV and QIV for school children, elderly adults, and HCWs to identify the most cost-effective strategy.MethodsA decision tree was developed to compare 1-year outcomes of TIV vs. QIV in three risk groups: school children, elderly adults, and HCWs. The outcome was incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses were developed to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsFrom the perspective of society, this study found that the introduction of QIVs can be cost-effective for any and all targeted groups with a willingness-to-pay threshold of 3-fold GDP per capita. Among all programs, program H (all school children, elderly adults, and HCWs received the QIV) showed a 79% probability of being cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 13,580 (95% CI: 13,294, 13,867) US$/QALY and was the preferred option in the base case scenario.ConclusionThe introduction of QIVs to school children, elderly adults, or HCWs is likely to be cost-effective, either separately or collectively. The introduction of QIV to school children, elderly adults, and health care workers simultaneously showed the highest probability of being cost-effective and was the preferred option.     

谷子种子经高空气球搭载后的遗传变异研究

目的 选育出高产、蛋白质和用脂肪含量高的谷子品（系）种。方法 利用高空气球搭载谷子的干种子,在高空飘游８ｈ后回收种植,对其植物学特性及进行分析研究。结果 种子发芽率比对照低５．２％,发芽热比对照高２１．１％。ＳＰ１代植株高度比对照低６．８ｃｍ,旗叶面积比对照高２５％,穗重比对照高１５．９％;ＳＰ３代大穗型株系性状相对稳定,其中ＳＰ３－２的种子蛋白质和脂肪含量均高于对照经高空气球搭载后的ＳＰＥ－３５     

中药材肉桂的X衍射Fourier谱分析

为鉴别中药材肉桂与川桂、少花桂和其伪品三钻风，本文应用粉末Ｘ射线衍射分析技术测定了１０个样品的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ（付里叶）图谱。分析结果表明１０个样品各自具有表现其所含化学成分总体特征的衍射图谱。并构成衍射模糊图形（定性）与特征标记峰（定量）的图谱特征。根据这些特征达到在衍射空间鉴别中药材的目的。     

不同地域血瘀证患者理化检查结果比较研究

目的为研究不同地域疾病的特点,以血瘀证为切入点,对不同地域血瘀证的理化指标进行研究。方法收集北京、云南、福建三地三级甲等医院血瘀证患者586例,对不同地域血瘀证的理化指标进行分析,总结不同地域血瘀证理化指标的差异性。结果在红细胞和血红蛋白方面,云南患者与北京和福建患者比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。在三酰甘油、总胆固醇及高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等方面,北京与福建和云南患者比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。北京患者的血压与福建和云南患者比较有极显著差异(P<0.01)。在全血高切、低切粘度方面,北京与云南和福建患者比较有极显著差异(P<0.01),在纤维蛋白原方面,北京与云南和福建患者比较有显著差异(P<0.05);在红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形性方面,三地无差异,红细胞压积方面,云南与其他两地比较,有显著差异(P<0.01,P<0.05);在血小板粘附性、聚集性及血浆粘度方面,北京与其他两地患者比较,有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论不同地域患者的客观检查指标有差异。有利于根据不同地域患者的特点指导疾病的预防和治疗,预测疾病的演变和转归。     

3种银杏叶制剂治疗冠心病心绞痛的成本—效果分析

目的:比较3种银杏叶制剂治疗冠心病心绞痛的成本-效果。方法:将103例符合诊断标准的冠心病心绞痛患者按照不同的用药方案分成A组(34例)、B组(35例)、C组(34例)。A、C组分别给予生产厂商及规格不同(2mL vs.5mL)的舒血宁注射液20mL、B组给予银杏达莫注射液20mL,3组均静脉滴注,qd,治疗14d后观察疗效,并进行成本-效果分析。结果:3组心绞痛改善总有效率分别为70.59%、91.43%、73.53%。成本分别为5207.86元、3575.46元、5065.06元,成本-效果比分别为7377.62、3910.60、6888.43。结论:与A、C组比较,B组治疗方案成本-效果比更优。     

根管再治疗的原因及临床操作难点分析

目的:探讨根管再治疗的原因及临床操作之难点.方法:对2000年2月～2003年8月间就诊的192人216颗需根管再治疗的患牙资料进行了原因及临床操作难点分析.结果:原治疗为根管充填的有158颗,均表现为欠填,其中有根尖阴影者97颗.原治疗为塑化治疗的有58颗,其中有根尖阴影者38颗.遗漏根管是磨牙治疗失败的重要原因之一.结论:根管治疗失败后,进行根管再治疗是切实有效的.上颌第一磨牙近中颊根的第二根管及下颌第二磨牙远中舌侧根管容易遗漏,治疗难度大,应予以重视.     

心肌梗死患者认知功能障碍的研究进展

冠心病是全球主要的死亡原因,急性心肌梗死是最常见的心血管疾病。心肌梗死与认知障碍之间可能存在相关性,但目前尚不清楚心肌梗死导致认知能力下降的确切机制。心肌梗死合并认知障碍对疾病的预后产生不良影响,且患者长期预后不容乐观可能与治疗不充分有关。随着人口老龄化和医疗干预手段的增加,需要制定具体策略来提高治疗效果。本文对心肌梗死患者认知障碍的发生机制,对终点事件的影响及治疗策略的研究进展进行综述。     

2008年奥运会对北京城市健康环境影响评估指标体系的建立

目的建立"2008年奥运会对北京城市健康环境影响评估指标体系"。方法参照国内外有关资料,运用文献检索、专家咨询法(头脑风暴法、Delphi专家咨询法),基于"投入-产出"模型,初步建立评估指标体系。结果"2008年奥运会对北京城市健康环境影响评估指标体系"包括3个一级指标(环境规划、社会保障、卫生服务)、7个二级指标、29个三级指标。结论"2008年奥运会对北京城市健康环境影响评估指标体系"建立科学合理,有重要的应用价值。     

北京市生活垃圾分类政策分析

从政策目标、政策框架、干系人责任、政策实施机制、政策效果等方面对北京市生活垃圾分类政策进行了系统分析,提出未来可能影响政策效果的3个因素。