Comparison of dystrophin expression following gene editing and gene replacement in an aged preclinical DMD animal model

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Antifungal sensitivity and species of yeasts in oral mucosa of street mixed-breed dogs

The aim of this research is to verify the yeast species isolated from oral mucosa in street mixed-breed dogs and to determine the antifungal profiles. After capturing and sedating the animals, oral mucosa samples were collected from fifty dogs and the materials were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. Forty-three yeast strains were isolated and identified trough the API-20C AUX method. Thirty-seven (86.1%) of the yeasts belonged to genus Candida, five (11.6%) to genus Trichosporon and only one strain (2.3%) to genus Malassezia. The sensitivity profiles to anifungals (amphotericin B, itraconanole, ketoconazole, fluconazole and variconazole) were determined through Etest® method. This study found resistance of some yeasts to amphotericin B and a good susceptibility to voriconazole and ketoconazole. Some of these antifungals are used in veterinary medical practice. This research is the first investigation on street mixed-breed dogs regarding yeast identifications and antifungals profiles.     

Brucella canis in Commercial Dog Breeding Kennels,Ontario, Canada

We evaluated the prevalence of Brucella canis seropositivity in a convenience sample of dogs from commercial breeding kennels in Ontario, Canada. Overall, 127/1,080 (11.8%) dogs from 23/63 (37%) kennels were seropositive. The prevalence of positive dogs within kennels with >1 positive dog ranged from 3.9% to 100% (median 33%).     

Vascular reactions in the periodontal ligament incident to trauma from occlusion

Abstract The experiments were performed in 13 dogs; nine of the animals had initially a healthy periodontium and four had experimental periodontitis. Trauma from occlusion was created in all dogs according to a technique described previously. The dogs were sacrificed after 7, 14, 30 and 180 days of the experiment. Prior to sacrifice colloidal carbon was injected intravenously. The degree of vascular labelling and leucocyte infiltration as well as osteoclastic activity and the size of the marginal periodontal ligament were assessed in biopsy sections. The findings showed that dogs with a healthy periodontal lesion (Group A) differed in their reactions to a jiggling type of occlusal trauma when compared to dogs with an established periodontal lesion (Group B). Whereas the periodontal ligament in Group A had become adapted to the altered occlusion by the end of 6 months of experiment, that of Group B still showed increased vascular leakage, leucocyte migration and osteoclastic activity.     

Re-osseointegration after treatment of peri-implantitis at different implant surfaces

Peri-implantitis is a condition that includes soft tissue inflammation and rapid loss of bone. Treatment of peri-implantitis includes both antimicrobial and bone augmenting methods. The question of whether true re-osseointegration may occur following treatment of peri-implantitis is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the character of the implant surface was of importance for the occurrence of re-osseointegration following treatment of peri-implantitis. Four beagle dogs were used. The mandibular premolars were extracted. After 12 months, 3 ITI(R) solid screw dental implants were placed in each side of the mandible. In the left side, implants with a turned surface (Turned sites) were used, while in the right side implants with a SLA surface (SLA sites) were placed. After 3 months of healing, peri-implantitis was induced by ligature placement and plaque accumulation. When about 50% of the initial bone support was lost, the ligatures were removed. Five weeks later, treatment was initiated. Each animal received tablets of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole for a period of 17 days. Three days after the start of the antibiotic regimen, one implant site (experimental site) in each quadrant was exposed to local therapy. Following flap elevation, the exposed titanium surface was cleaned with the use of cotton pellets soaked in saline. The implants were submerged. Six months later, biopsies were obtained. Treatment resulted in a 72% bone fill of the bone defects at Turned sites and 76% at SLA sites. The amount of re-osseointegration was 22% at Turned sites and 84% at SLA sites. A treatment regimen that included (i) systemic administration of antibiotics combined with (ii) granulation tissue removal and implant surface cleaning resulted in resolution of peri-implantitis and bone fill in adjacent bone defects. Further, while substantial "re-osseointegration" occurred to an implant with a rough surface (SLA), bone growth on a previously exposed smooth surface (Turned) was minimal.     

自攻型正畸微种植体即刻负载的组织学研究

目的探讨自攻型微螺旋种植体即刻负载持续水平力的可行性及周围骨组织的反应。方法28枚自攻型钛合金微螺旋种植体置于2只犬上下颌骨颊侧的牙根间区。20枚种植体即刻负载约2N持续水平力9周,作为实验组;8枚没有负载的作为对照组。光学和荧光光学显微镜检查不脱钙的种植体周围组织的组织切片。结果所有种植体有良好的初期稳定性。4周时,实验组下颌双尖牙区1枚微型种植体2级松动,下颌磨牙区1枚折断。组织学分析显示,2组微型种植体与周围组织呈骨性结合,实验组骨生长和再生更活跃。结论自攻微螺旋种植体适用于上颌骨及下颌骨骨皮质较薄区作为正畸支抗源。     

Prognostic factors for alveolar regeneration: effect of space provision

OBJECTIVES: The role of space provision as an independent prognostic factor for periodontal regeneration remains to be established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of space provision on alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal sites. METHODS: Critical size, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were created in 11 young adult Beagle dogs. Six animals received a porous ePTFE device to provide for space provision. Five animals received sham surgery. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post-surgery. A histometric analysis assessed vertical regeneration of alveolar bone and the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect. Because of the correlation of within-dog measurements, a mixed model anova/ancova was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: A significant relationship between the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect and bone regeneration was observed with no significant difference between sites receiving the different treatments (p=0.84). Bone regeneration at sites treated with the space-providing device was significantly greater compared with that at sites treated with sham surgery (p=0.0003), and the difference remained significant after adjusting for bone width (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Space provision has a significant effect on alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal sites. The width of the alveolar bone appears to influence space provision effectively supporting bone regeneration.     

Modeling of the buccal and lingual bone walls of fresh extraction sites following implant installation

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the reduction of the alveolar ridge that occurs following tooth extraction and implant placement is influenced by the size of the hard tissue walls of the socket. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six beagle dogs were used. The third premolar and first molar in both quadrants of the mandible were used. Mucoperiostal flaps were elevated and the distal roots were removed. Implants were installed in the fresh extraction socket in one side of the mandible. The flaps were replaced to allow a semi-submerged healing. The procedure was repeated in the contra later side of the mandible after 2 months. The animals were sacrificed 1 month after the final implant installation. The mandibles were dissected, and each implant site was removed and processed for ground sectioning. RESULTS: Marked hard tissue alterations occurred during healing following tooth extraction and implant installation in the socket. The marginal gap that was present between the implant and the walls of the socket at implantation disappeared as a result of bone fill and resorption of the bone crest. The modeling in the marginal defect region was accompanied by marked attenuation of the dimensions of both the delicate buccal and the wider lingual bone wall. Bone loss at molar sites was more pronounced than at the premolar locations. CONCLUSION: Implant placement failed to preserve the hard tissue dimension of the ridge following tooth extraction. The buccal as well as the lingual bone walls were resorbed. At the buccal aspect, this resulted in some marginal loss of osseointegration.     

The influence of perforating the autogenous block bone and the recipient bed in dogs. Part I: a radiographic analysis

Objectives: This study evaluated radiographically the integration and volume maintenance of grafted autogenous block bone under various cortical bone perforation conditions in dogs. Material and methods: Five mongrel dogs were used. Each dog received four differently prepared onlay block bone grafts: a solid block graft was fixed on either (1) a cortically perforated recipient bed (SGPR) or (2) a nonperforated recipient bed (SGNPR), a perforated block graft was fixed on either (3) a nonperforated recipient bed (PGNPR) or (4) a cortically perforated recipient bed (PGPR). The animals were sacrificed at 1 day, 4 days, 10 days, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after surgery. Specimens were prepared and radiographic analysis was conducted by using micro‐computed tomography. The residual bone volume (RBV; mm³), cross‐sectional bone area (BA; mm²), and residual height (RH; %) of the grafted block bone were measured radiographically. Results: The interface between the recipient bed and the graft showed no signs of bone integration at 1, 4, and 10 days of healing. However, at 4 weeks of healing, bone integration was observed in all groups. The RBV, BA, and RH of the grafts gradually decreased by 4 weeks of healing. At 8 weeks, the PGPR condition exhibited a higher RBV, BA, and RH than the other conditions, whereas the SGNPR condition exhibited the lowest RBV, BA, and RH. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that intentional cortical perforation on the recipient bed and block bone graft may influence volume maintenance of the graft. To cite this article:
Oh K‐C, Cha J‐K, Kim C‐S, Choi S‐H, Chai J‐K, Jung U‐W. The influence of perforating the autogenous block bone and the recipient bed in dogs. Part I: a radiographic analysis.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22 , 2011; 1298–1302.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02110.x     

HGF 基因修饰的间充质干细胞对犬后肢缺血后股神经的保护作用简

目的观察携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的重组腺病毒（Ad—HGF）修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞（Msc）对犬后肢缺血后神经组织病理学的影响。方法18只犬随机分为Ad—HGF—MSC处理组、模型对照组和正常对照组,每组6只。将Ad—HGF—MSC处理组和模型对照组犬麻醉后,全结扎左后肢股动脉制作犬左后肢缺血模型,体外分离、培养犬骨髓MSC,转染Ad—HGF,并将含Ad-HGF—MSC的细胞悬液对Ad—HGF—MSC处理组犬病肢行多点肌肉注射,模型对照组犬注射等量的PBS缓冲液,正常对照组不进行任何处理。90d后,取组织标本,常规组织病理切片染色,光学显微镜下观察。结果12只犬均建模成功。模型对照组犬病侧股神经至肌束间的细小神经均发生显著退行性变,累及轴突、髓鞘和施旺细胞核。而Ad—HGF—MSC处理组犬的各级神经病变不明显,部分甚至与正常对照组无差别。结论Ad—HGF—MSC局部注射可减轻或阻遏犬后肢缺血后股神经组织损伤,具有一定的神经组织保护作用。