Licorice root extract and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate protect against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity via up-regulation of the Nrf2 pathway

Triptolide, the predominant biologically active component of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f., possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-neoplastic, and immunosuppressive effects. However, toxicity and severe adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity, limit the clinical application of triptolide. Licorice root extract contains various bioactive compounds and is potent hepatoprotective. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate, a magnesium salt of the 18α-glycyrrhizic acid stereoisomer of glycyrrhizic acid, is used clinically in China to treat chronic viral hepatitis and acute drug-induced liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in the protective effects of LE and MIG against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity models were established in L-02 cells and rats using triptolide, and the protective effects of LE and MIG were investigated in vitro and in vivo, respectively. LE and MIG significantly protected against triptolide-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, triptolide decreased the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and down-regulated Nrf2 target genes, including UGT1A, BSEP, and MRP2, while pretreatment with LE and MIG reversed these effects. Finally, Nrf2-involved antioxidant responses were activated in the presence of LE and MIG.     

浅谈仲景辛凉解表法

辛凉解表法虽首创于刘完素,完善于温病,但却溯源于仲景,仲景四方大青龙汤、越婢汤、麻杏石甘汤、白虎汤完整的体现了辛凉解表的思想。表热的根本在于卫气的阻滞,解表法最在意使卫气恢复流通,辛温、辛凉解表均不离辛者,以辛味发散或透达,邪气可随之出表,若单着眼于出汗者,已然失其本意。辛热开通气机,本不在发汗,汗液乃是随同郁热的开通一同从腠理而出,不同于西药单纯以发汗带出热量,而郁热并未解除。所以,纵使辛温解表,热如麻黄、桂枝也非为单纯发汗而设,乃取其辛散开通之意,汗液自蒸蒸而协同邪热一并而出。     

芍药甘草汤加味配合针刺治疗中风后肢体痉挛疼痛25例

目的:观察芍药甘草汤加味配合针刺治疗中风后肢体痉挛疼痛的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年2月—2015年4月收治的中风伴有肢体痉挛疼痛的患者50例为研究对象,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各25例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予芍药甘草汤加味配合针刺治疗。观察两组患者治疗后患肢肌张力及疼痛的改善情况。结果:治疗组治疗4周后患肢肌张力改善、疼痛减轻情况明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:芍药甘草汤加味配合针刺治疗可以有效的降低中风后肢体痉挛并减轻疼痛。     

炙甘草汤应用指征

炙甘草汤证的核心应是"心动悸","心动悸"应解释为"心因运动而悸"较为合理,结合现代医学研究,从中西医结合观点来看,仲景创炙甘草汤之治疗重点应为心功能不全,当然,"脉结代"(脉律、心律失常)在炙甘草汤证中亦不可或缺,炙甘草汤的确是治疗脉律、心律失常之良方,但其所治的脉律、心律失常应与心功能不全有密切联系。炙甘草汤的临床应用应是心功能不全,并符合仲景所述的结或代脉象之一的脉律失常,且属于中医"气阴两伤,阴阳俱虚"者。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨甘草治疗异位性皮炎的作用机制

目的 运用网络药理学方法和分子对接技术探讨甘草治疗异位性皮炎（AD）的潜在有效成分及作用机制。方法2021年9月至2022年4月利用TCMSID数据库结合文献调研收集甘草的化学成分,根据各成分的靶点选择性、成药性、潜在毒性等性质进行成分过滤;运用SEA、SwissTargetPrediction、PPB2以及TargetNet平台对甘草化学成分进行靶点预测并利用Python代码对预测靶点名称进行标准化和不同网站的靶点结果合并;通过OMIM和GeneCards5.0数据库检索AD的相关靶点;将AD靶点与甘草成分预测靶点取交集后运用Cytoscape 3.9.0软件构建“中药-成分-靶点”网络,并获得甘草成分抗AD的潜在靶点和活性成分;采用DAVID V6.8数据库对甘草成分抗AD的潜在靶点进行基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析,并构建“中药-靶点-通路”网络;利用String数据库和Cytoscape 3.9.0软件构建蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络;通过整合“中药-成分-靶点”网络、“中药-靶点-通路”网络和PPI网络,构建“中药-成分-靶点-通路”网络,并筛...     

The effects of licorice containing diphenhydramine solution on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A double-blind,randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the diphenhydramine solution (DS) and diphenhydramine-containing glycyrrhiza glabra (DSG) in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).DesignIt was a double-blind randomized clinical trial that was conducted from July to September 2018 at the Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.InterventionDSG was made by adding 5% hydroethanolic extract of licorice to the diphenhydramine elixir. A total of 70 patients diagnosed with RSA were randomly assigned to the DS and DSG groups, each containing 35 patients. Participants were instructed to swish 3 ml of either solution around their mouth for about three minutes four times a day (at least 20 min before each meal and before bedtime) until the complete healing of the oral lesions.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of this study was to assess the severity of pain prior to the intervention and on the first, third, and fifth days of it. This was done using the visual analog scale (VAS). The duration of wound healing was also measured through photography. The secondary outcome was to record the adverse effects of the intervention.This trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials under number¹ IRCT20180407039213N1.ResultsThe average pain score before the treatment in the DS and DSG groups was 8. 1 ± 1.17 and 7.97 ± 1.72, respectively, and there was apparently no significant difference between them. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the average pain scores on the first (7 ± 1.28 versus 5.31 ± 1.28), third (4.02 ± 1.8 vs. 2.86 ± 1.56) and fifth days (1.71 ± 1.69 vs. 0.54 ± 1.31) of the intervention. Indeed, DSG significantly reduced the average wound healing duration by 1.5 days, as compared to DS (P = 0.0001). No adverse effects were observed with the intervention.ConclusionAccording to our results, DSG appeared to be more effective in treating RAS than DS alone.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials before the enrolment of the first patient on June 29, 2019 (registration no: IRCT20180407039213N1, http://www.irct.ir/trial/31497).     

甘草异戊烯基黄酮降糖作用的研究

目的：通过正常小鼠、1型糖尿病及2型糖尿病模型小鼠对甘草中异戊烯基黄酮及亲水性黄酮的降糖、降脂作用进行研究。方法：通过动物实验研究甘草中异戊烯基黄酮及亲水性黄酮对正常小鼠、四氧嘧啶致1型糖尿病模型小鼠及链脲佐菌素致2型糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖、血脂及糖耐量等的影响。结果：甘草中异戊烯基黄酮及亲水性黄酮对正常小鼠无降糖作用但可以提高其葡萄糖耐受性;异戊烯基黄酮对1型糖尿病有降糖作用但亲水性黄酮对1型糖尿病无降糖作用;甘草中异戊烯基黄酮及亲水性黄酮对2型糖尿病小鼠均有降糖作用,以异戊烯基黄酮的降糖作用较为明显,且均能提高2型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受性;此外两类黄酮对1型、2型糖尿病模型小鼠的肝、肾脏均有一定的保护作用。结论：甘草中的黄酮在预防治疗糖尿病上有一定的作用,以甘草中异戊烯基黄酮的降糖作用较为明显。     

HPLC法测定复方桔梗止咳片中甘草苷和甘草酸含量

目的：建立同时测定复方桔梗止咳片中甘草苷和甘草酸含量的HPLC检测方法。方法：采用Agilent C18（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）色谱柱;以乙腈-0.05%磷酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长237 nm;进样量：10μL;柱温30℃。结果：甘草苷、甘草酸分别在10.65~42.60 mg·L-1、97.30~389.30 mg·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r分别为1.0000、1.0000;平均回收率（n=6）分别为98.80%（RSD=0.73%）、99.84%（RSD=0.10%）。测得6批复方桔梗止咳片,每片分别含甘草苷135.28μg、123.16μg、113.21μg、136.08μg、160.84μg、156.32μg,甘草酸441.36μg、405.86μg、364.69μg、446.93μg、518.22μg、509.65μg。结论：该方法简便,重复性好,可用于同时测定复方桔梗止咳片中甘草苷和甘草酸的含量。