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1.
目的 分析某医院手术室患者多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染现状,找出相关因素。方法 选择2020年2月至2021年1月泸州某医院手术室12 619例成年患者作为研究对象,调查患者资料,进行病原菌检测和细菌药敏试验,统计手术室MDRO感染发生情况,分析MDRO感染的菌种、科室分布、耐药情况和MDRO感染发生的相关因素。结果 医院手术室患者MDRO感染发生率为2.10%。MDRO感染占比较大的科室是普外科(34.28%)、骨科(23.78%)、泌尿外科(15.22%)。手术室患者MDRO感染中较常见的菌种是鲍曼不动杆菌(46.99%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(19.91%)、铜绿假单胞菌(12.04%)。鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢曲松完全耐药,对氨苄青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、妥布霉素耐药率超过80.00%,仅对左氧氟沙星耐药率不超过30.00%;金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、苯唑西林完全耐药,对红霉素、氯林可霉素的耐药率超过80.00%;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢曲松、氨苄青霉素完全耐药,对头孢他啶、环丙沙星、复方新诺明耐药率超过80.00%,仅对阿米卡星耐药率不超过30.00%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,入住ICU(OR=5.943)、侵入性操作(OR=2.704)、抗菌药物使用时间长(OR=2.244)、合并糖尿病(OR=1.955)是医院手术室患者MDRO感染的影响因素。结论 泸州某医院手术室患者MDRO感染发生率较高,可能受入住ICU、侵入性操作、抗菌药物使用时间长、合并糖尿病的影响。  相似文献   
2.
Introduction and objectivesLiver cirrhosis is a major public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The ANSWER trial showed that long-term human albumin (LTA) infusions led to significant reduction of complications and mortality in patients with uncomplicated ascites. The present study aimed to assess the incremental cost of cirrhosis patients treated with LTA plus standard medical treatment (SMT) versus those treated with SMT from the perspective of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS).Material and methodsCost of illness for patients with cirrhosis and grade 2-3 ascites treated with SMT or with SMT and LTA (following the treatment regimen from ANSWER) over a one-year period was estimated according to the IMSS perspective. Rates of treatments, complications and hospitalizations were based on results from the ANSWER trial. Unit costs from IMSS were gathered from public sources and transformed to 2020 Mexican $ (Mex$).ResultsThe use of LTA is estimated to require additional annual expenditure derived from the pharmacological cost of human albumin and by the follow up visits required for LTA administration (Mex$28,128). However, this cost may potentially be counterbalanced by the reduction in paracentesis, cirrhosis-related complications and hospitalizations which would lead to cost savings of Mex$33,417 per patient/year.ConclusionsBased on the ANSWER trial results, our study suggests that LTA may result in improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs for the IMSS when administered to cirrhosis patients with uncomplicated ascites.  相似文献   
3.
Bacterial keratitis continues to be one of the leading causes of corneal blindness in the developed as well as the developing world, despite swift progress since the dawn of the “anti-biotic era”. Although, we have expeditiously developed our understanding about the different causative organisms and associated pathology leading to keratitis, extensive gaps in knowledge continue to dampen the efforts required for early and accurate diagnosis, and management in these patients, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. The ability of the causative bacteria to subdue the therapeutic challenge stems from their large genome encoding complex regulatory networks, variety of unique virulence factors, and rapid secretion of tissue damaging proteases and toxins.In this review article, we provide an overview of the established diagnostic techniques and therapeutics for keratitis caused by various bacteria. We extensively report the recent in-roads through novel tools for accurately diagnosing mono- and poly-bacterial corneal infections. Furthermore, we outline the recent progress by our groups and others in understanding the sub-cellular genomic changes that lead to antibiotic resistance in these organisms. Finally, we discuss in detail, the novel therapies and drug delivery systems in development for the efficacious management of bacterial keratitis.  相似文献   
4.
IntroductionThere are few reports on the causative microorganisms of bacterial enteritis in children in Japan in recent years. The distribution of causative microorganisms is important for estimating pathogens and making decisions regarding the treatment plan, as antimicrobial agents are not required for mild bacterial enteritis cases but are used for severe cases or immunocompromised patients.MethodsWe retrospectively surveyed pediatric patients who underwent stool culture at eight hospitals in the Kanto region of Japan from 2014 to 2019 for patient characteristics, causative microorganisms, and prescribed antimicrobial agents.ResultsA total of 4,475 stool cultures were submitted, and the positivity rate for bacterial enteritis was 11%. The causative microorganisms were Campylobacter spp. in 338 cases (67.3%), Salmonella spp. in 85 cases (16.9%), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 in 23 cases (4.6%), and Yersinia spp. in 45 cases (9.0%). Hospitals with pediatric infectious disease physicians had a lower rate of antimicrobial therapy for Campylobacter enteritis than hospitals without pediatric infectious disease physicians.ConclusionsCampylobacter spp. are the most common causative agent for bacterial enteritis in this study, and the presence of pediatric infectious disease physicians may promote the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents.  相似文献   
5.
Microbial co-infections are another primary concern in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet it is an untouched area among researchers. Preliminary data and systematic reviews only show the type of pathogens responsible for that, but its pathophysiology is still unknown. Studies show that these microbial co-infections are hospital-acquired/nosocomial infections, and patients admitted to intensive care units with invasive mechanical ventilation are highly susceptible to it. Patients with COVID-19 had elevated inflammatory cytokines and a weakened cell-mediated immune response, with lower CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell counts, indicating vulnerability to various co-infections. Despite this, there are only a few studies that recommend the management of co-infections.  相似文献   
6.
The incidence of microbial keratitis (MK) is variable worldwide with an estimated 1.5–2 million cases of corneal ulcers in developing countries. The complications of MK can be severe and vision threatening. Therefore, proper diagnosis of the causative organism is essential for early successful treatment. Accurate sampling of microbiological specimens in MK is an important step in identifying the infective organism. Corneal scrapping, tear samples and corneal biopsy are examples of specimens obtained for the investigative procedures in MK. Ophthalmologists especially in an emergency room setting should be aware of the proper sampling techniques based on their microbiology-related basic information for each category of MK. This review article briefly describes the clinical presentation and defines in details the best updated diagnostic methods used in different types of MK. It can be used as a guide for ophthalmology trainees and general ophthalmologists who may be handling such cases at initial presentation.  相似文献   
7.
BackgroundThe aim of this review was to evaluate the most used suture materials with regards to their inflammatory response, their bacterial adhesion, and their physical properties when used to close oral wounds.MethodsFour databases (PubMed, Scopus, Dentistry & Oral Sciences, and OVID) were searched to retrieve relevant studies from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2020.ResultsOut of the 269 articles, only 13 studies were selected as they were relevant and met the systematic review's protocol. These studies showed that almost all suture materials studies (catgut, polyglycolic acid [PGA] sutures, nylon, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and silk sutures) caused bacterial adherence and tissue reaction. In nylon and chromic catgut, the number of bacteria accumulated was lowest. Silk and nylon were found to be more impacted than catgut and PGA in terms of physical characteristics such as tensile strength. PGA, on the other hand, was said to be the most susceptible to knot unwinding.ConclusionsFollowing an oral surgical operation, all sutures revealed varied degrees of irritation and microbial accumulation. Nonresorbable monofilament synthetic sutures, however, exhibited less tissue response and less microbial accumulation.  相似文献   
8.
9.
Understanding the mode of action of pathogenic bacteria through in vitro studies can provide additional insight into their infection strategies. Here we have characterized the effect of Photorhabdus luminescens and Photorhabdus asymbiotica on two distinct insect cell lines. We report that insect cell survival and metabolism as well as bacterial proliferation differ between infection with two Photorhabdus species. These findings reinforce the notion that P. luminescens and P. asymbiotica deploy diverse tactics to infect insect cells. This knowledge might lead to better appreciation of the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and different types of insect cells.  相似文献   
10.
BackgroundMicrobial contamination of human skin allografts is a frequent cause of allograft discard. Our purpose was to evaluate the discard rate of skin bank contaminated allografts and specific procedures used to reduce allograft contamination without affecting safety.MethodsWe conducted at the Lille Tissue Bank a retrospective study of all deceased donors (n = 104) harvested from January 2018 to December 2018. Skin procurement was split into 3 zones: the back of the body and the two legs that were processed separately. It represented 433 cryopreserved skin allograft pouches of approximatively 500 cm² each. Donors were almost equally split between brain-dead (53%, 55/104) and cadaveric (47%, 49/104) donors.ResultsOut of all donors, 42 (40.5%) had at least one sampling zone with a positive microbiological test resulting in 106 (24%) contaminated skin pouches. The contamination rate did not vary according to the harvested zone or type of donor. Traumatic deaths showed significantly less contamination rates than other death types (p < 0.05). Contamination rate decreased with time spent in the antibiotic solution. The risk of having contaminated allografts was five-fold higher when the skin spent less than 96 h in the antibiotic cocktail (p < 0.05). According to our validation protocol, most donors (32/42, 76%) had skin allografts contaminated with bacteria (mainly Staphylococcus spp) compatible with clinical use. No recipient infection was recorded as a result of skin graft contaminated with saprophytic or non-pathogenic germs. By harvesting 3 separate zones per donor, the total surface area for clinical use increased by 53% for contaminated donors. Overall, the proportion of contamination-related discarded allografts was 3.2% (14/433 of pouches).ConclusionFew simple pragmatic measures (including skin incubation in the antibiotic bath for at least 96 h at 4 °C, splitting the skin harvesting areas to minimize the risk of cross-infection and clinical use of allografts contaminated with saprophytic and non-pathogenic germs) can reduce the discard rate of contaminated allografts without affecting clinical safety.  相似文献   
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