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1.
《Revista portuguesa de cardiologia》2022,41(9):783-789
Amiodarone is the most potent antiarrhythmic drug available and is commonly prescribed to treat and prevent not only life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias but also atrial fibrillation (AF). The latest European Society of Cardiology AF guidelines state that amiodarone is recommended for long-term rhythm control in all AF patients but that other antiarrhythmic drugs should be considered first whenever possible, due to its extracardiac toxicity. In patients without significant or with only minimal structural heart disease, amiodarone is not listed as a possibility in their therapeutic scheme. Still, amiodarone is widely and liberally used, and is the most prescribed antiarrhythmic drug for patients with AF despite its high toxicity profile. Non-cardiovascular death was more frequent with amiodarone treatment than with a rate control strategy in AFFIRM, while meta-analyses suggest an association between amiodarone use in patients without structural heart disease and increased non-cardiovascular mortality. Severe or even fatal outcomes due to amiodarone may occur years after treatment initiation and are often not acknowledged by the prescribing physician, who may no longer be following the patient. The lack of widely accepted diagnostic criteria and symptom definitions may lead to underestimation of the incidence of severe side effects and of its toxicity. Unlike the underestimated risk of toxicity with amiodarone, severe complications associated with catheter ablation are usually directly ascribed to the treatment even by non-medical personnel, possibly resulting in overestimation of risks. This brief review will address the issue of amiodarone overuse and the frequent underestimation of its toxicity, while suggesting scenarios in which its use is entirely reasonable, and compare it with catheter ablation. 相似文献
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《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2022,32(1):21-31
AimThis review aims to summarize and discuss some of the most relevant clinical trials in epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of hypertension published in 2020 and 2021.Data synthesisThe trials included in this review are related to hypertension onset age and risk for future cardiovascular disease, reliability of different blood pressure monitoring methods, role of exercise-induced hypertension, treatment of hypertension in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, management of hypertension high-risk patient groups, e.g., in the elderly (≥80 years) and patients with atrial fibrillation, and the interplay between nutrition and hypertension, as well as recent insights into renal denervation for treatment of hypertension.ConclusionsHypertension onset age, nighttime blood pressure levels and a riser pattern are relevant for the prognosis of future cardiovascular diseases. The risk of coronary heart disease appears to increase linearly with increasing exercise systolic blood pressure. Renin-angiotensin system blockers are not associated with an increased risk for a severe course of COVID-19. In elderly patients, a risk-benefit assessment of intensified blood pressure control should be individually evaluated. A J-shaped association between cardiovascular disease and achieved blood pressure could also be demonstrated in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation. Salt restriction and lifestyle modification remain effective options in treating hypertensive patients at low cardiovascular risk. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists show BP-lowering effects. Renal denervation should be considered as an additional or alternative treatment option in selected patients with uncontrolled hypertension. 相似文献
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目的 探讨预激综合征伴心房颤动射频消融术后心房颤动的复发率,为临床预防和干预提供理论依据。方法 计算机检索 PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、Embase、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM及VIP数据库,搜索建库至2022年3月26日与预激综合征伴心房颤动患者行射频消融术治疗后心房颤动复发率相关的研究。由2名研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料并文献质量评价,采用R 4.1.0软件进行meta分析。结果 纳入14篇研究,共计851例患者,meta分析结果显示预激综合征伴心房颤动射频消融术后心房颤动的总复发率为0.13(95%CI:0.08~0.19,P<0.01)。其中,亚组分析显示:单纯房室旁道消融术和房室旁道消融联合肺静脉隔离术复发率分别为:0.15(95%CI:0.09~0.21,P<0.01)和0.07(95%CI:0.01~0.15,P<0.01);单旁道和多旁道复发率分别为0.19(95%CI:0.12~0.28,P=0.01)和0.05(95%CI:0.00~0.20,P=0.10);左侧和右侧旁道复发率分别为0.14(95%CI:0.07~0.21,P<0.01)和0.10(95%CI:0.06~0.16,P=0.07);年龄≤40岁和>40岁复发率分别为0.10(95%CI:0.01~0.23,P<0.01)和0.15(95%CI:0.09~0.21,P<0.01);随访时间≤1年和>1年复发率分别为0.08(95%CI:0.02~0.17,P=0.09)和0.17(95%CI:0.14~0.21,P=0.17);样本量≤50例和>50例复发率分别为0.18(95%CI:0.09~0.29,P<0.01)和0.11(95%CI:0.06~0.17,P<0.01);男性和女性复发率分别为0.10(95%CI:0.04~0.19,P<0.01)和0.19(95%CI:0.12~0.28,P=0.26);合并器质性心脏病和不合并复发率分别为0.34(95%CI:0.15~0.57,P<0.01)和0.04(95%CI:0.00~0.10,P<0.01)。结论 当前证据表明,预激综合征伴心房颤动射频消融术后心房颤动的复发率较高,相对于单纯房室旁道消融,旁道消融联合肺静脉隔离降低复发率效果更优,年龄及随访时间与复发率呈正相关。 相似文献
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目的]探讨达比加群酯对比华法林二联抗凝方案在高龄心房颤动(AF)合并冠心病(CHD)患者抗栓治疗中的临床效果。 [方法]选取本院于2018年8月—2019年12月收治的198例高龄AF合并CHD患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各99例。观察组采用达比加群酯治疗,对照组采用华法林二联抗凝方案,即华法林联合抗血小板药物(阿司匹林)治疗。随访1年。比较两组抗栓治疗疗效。比较两组治疗前、治疗后1、6、12个月的凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血小板计数(PLT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)以及血清尿酸变化情况。观察并记录两组治疗期间的血栓事件、出血事件以及用药不良反应发生情况。 [结果]治疗1、6、12个月后,观察组和对照组PLT、CRP、D-D水平均呈逐渐明显下降趋势(F=42.417、18.254、44.582,均P<0.001);两组PT、INR、TT、APTT、Fib相比治疗前均显著改善(F=356.521、5.689、112.526、35.417、5.623,均P<0.001);两组血清尿酸水平均明显降低(F=105.515,P<0.001),且观察组比对照组下降程度更显著(F=145.854,P<0.001)。治疗后观察组患者出血事件发生率为5.05%,显著低于对照组的21.21%(χ2=11.335,P=0.001)。 [结论]达比加群酯在高龄AF合并CHD患者抗栓治疗中的效果与华法林二联抗凝方案接近,而出血事件发生率更低,安全性更高,可作为高龄AF合并CHD患者临床抗栓治疗的一种理想选择。 相似文献
7.
《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2022,97(8):1525-1533
The importance of the left atrial appendage (LAA) as the source of thromboembolism including stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is well documented, with more than 90% of ischemic strokes related to a LAA thrombus. Although oral anticoagulation has been the standard of care, approximately 50% to 60% of patients either have contraindications to oral anticoagulation or do not continue the medication beyond the first year. This led to the development of local site-specific therapy to occlude the LAA by either surgical or transcatheter means. Despite marked advancements, incomplete LAA closure with surgical and transcatheter approaches remains frequent. The etiology of incomplete LAA closure and its clinical implications remain unclear. Multiple strategies are in development including changes in deployment techniques, a new device design, and alternative approaches to leak closure. 相似文献
8.
《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2022,32(4):1019-1026
Background and aimsIt is unclear whether the association of childhood obesity with adult atrial fibrillation observed in observational studies reflects causal effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of childhood obesity with adult atrial fibrillation using genetic instruments.Methods and resultsWe used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design to evaluate the association between childhood obesity and adult atrial fibrillation. Two sets of genetic variants (15 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] for childhood body mass index [BMI] and 12 SNPs for dichotomous childhood obesity) were selected as instruments. Summary data on SNP-childhood obesity and SNP-atrial fibrillation associations were obtained from recently published genome-wide association studies. Effect estimates were evaluated using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods. Other MR analyses, including MR-Egger, simple and weighted median, weighted MBE and MR-PRESSO methods were performed in sensitivity analyses.The IVW models showed that both a genetically predicted one-standard deviation increase in childhood BMI (kg/m2) and higher log-odds of childhood obesity were associated with a substantial increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34, P < 0.001; OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14, P < 0.001). MR-Egger regression showed no evidence of genetic pleiotropy for childhood BMI (intercept = 0.000, 95% CI: ?0.024 to 0.023), but for childhood obesity (intercept = ?0.036, 95% CI: ?0.057 to ?0.015). Similar results were observed using leave-one-out and other MR methods in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis MR analysis found a consistent association between genetically predicted childhood obesity and an increased risk of adult atrial fibrillation. Further research is warranted to validate our findings. 相似文献
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