Entrapment of the basilar artery within a clivus fracture: Case report and literature review

A review of the literature revealed that basilar artery (BA) entrapment is a very rare (17 cases published) and severe pathological condition, which often leads to death. We report the case of a 72-year-old man who presented with a longitudinal clivus fracture associated with a basilar artery entrapment. This entrapment was responsible for a basilar artery dissection, which led to an ischemic stroke in the pons. The patient was managed with medical treatment, mainly to avoid a progression towards an ischemic stroke. It consisted of heparin therapy followed by antiplatelet therapy, which finally resulted in a successful outcome. In BA entrapment most of the patients who had a favorable outcome received antithrombotic therapy. This suggests that antithrombotic therapy might be useful in the first line treatment of post-traumatic BA entrapment.     

血栓通胶囊抗急性心肌缺血及抗血栓形成的作用研究

目的 研究血栓通胶囊对冠脉结扎致急性心肌缺血模型大鼠的保护及抗血栓形成的作用。方法 采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支法复制急性心肌缺血大鼠模型,观察血栓通胶囊对各组大鼠心电图、心肌梗死范围以及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,α-HBDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(creatine kinase-MB,CK-MB)的影响;采用体外方法,观察血栓通胶囊对血栓形成及血小板聚集的影响。结果 血栓通胶囊60、30、15 mg/kg组可显著减少心肌缺血模型大鼠心肌梗死范围,降低血清LDH、CK及CK-MB水平;其中血栓通胶囊60 mg/kg组对心电图异常发生百分率有明显抑制作用。血栓通胶囊30、15 mg/kg可显著促进体外血栓溶解;血栓通胶囊60、30、15 mg/kg可显著抑制体外ADP、胶原诱导血小板聚集。结论 血栓通胶囊对大鼠急性心肌缺血引起的损伤有保护作用,可能与抗血栓形成有关。     

急性缺血性卒中患者早期抗栓治疗影响因素的多水平模型分析

目的 探索影响急性缺血性卒中（AIS）患者早期抗栓治疗实施的影响因素，为促进早期抗栓治疗提供参考。方法 选取中国国家卒中登记Ⅱ（CNSR Ⅱ）研究中符合早期抗栓治疗条件的≥50岁AIS患者，收集患者及医院信息。对医院和患者因素与是否进行早期抗栓治疗进行单因素分析。以患者水平为水平1，医院水平为水平2，建立两水平logistic回归模型，分析医院和患者因素对是否进行早期抗栓治疗的影响。结果 共纳入16 910例患者，其中有14 332例（84.75%）接受了早期抗栓治疗。单因素分析结果显示，早期抗栓治疗的患者相关因素包括年龄、医保类型、家庭人均月收入、血脂异常病史；医院相关因素包括医院级别、医院所在地区、是否为教学医院、是否有卒中单元、实行单病种质量控制、神经科床位数比例（P<0.05）。多水平模型显示，早期抗栓治疗的患者相关因素包括性别、年龄、家庭人均月收入、高血压病史、入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分；医院相关因素包括神经科床位数比例和医院所在地区（P<0.05）。结论 早期抗栓治疗实施与医院医疗水平相关，应对高龄和入院NIHSS评分高的AIS患者进行重点关注。     

Registries in Atrial Fibrillation: From Trials to Real-Life Clinical Practice

Background

Recent improvements in atrial fibrillation diagnosis and management have prompted the initiation of various registries, predominantly to assess adherence to new guidelines but also to address the pending questions of safety and effectiveness of newly introduced management options in “real-world” clinical practice settings. In this review, we appraise antithrombotic treatment patterns for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation registries.

Risk factors for postoperative bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients under antithrombotics

AIM: To evaluate the risk factors for postoperative bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) based on the latest guidelines.METHODS: A total of 262 gastric neoplasms were treated by ESD at our center during a 2-year period from October 2012. We analyzed the data of these cases retrospectively to identify the risk factors for postESD bleeding.RESULTS: Of the 48(18.3%) cases on antithrombotic treatment, 10 were still receiving antiplatelet drugs perioperatively, 13 were on heparin replacement after oral anticoagulant withdrawal, and the antithrombotic therapy was discontinued perioperatively in 25 cases. Postoperative bleeding occurred in 23 cases(8.8%). The postoperative bleeding rate in the heparin replacement group was 61.5%, significantly higher than that in the non-antithrombotic therapy group(6.1%). Univariate analysis identified history of antithrombotic drug use, heparin replacement, hemodialysis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, elevated prothrombin timeinternational normalized ratio, and low hemoglobin level on admission as risk factors for post ESD bleeding. Multivariate analysis identified only heparin replacement(OR = 13.7, 95%CI: 1.2-151.3, P = 0.0329) as a significant risk factor for post-ESD bleeding.CONCLUSION: Continued administration of antiplatelet agents, based on the guidelines, was not a risk factor for postoperative bleeding after gastric ESD; however, heparin replacement, which is recommended after withdrawal of oral anticoagulants, was identified as a significant risk factor.     

急性缺血性脑卒中抗栓治疗中脑微出血的临床特点分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者在采用抗栓治疗方案干预后,并发脑微出血(CMB)的临床发生率,分析其可能的危险因素以及影像学特点。方法本研究中所有患者在入院后根据临床评估情况给予单独抗血小板治疗方案或双联抗血小板治疗方案进行药物干预。治疗结束时行磁敏感加权成像检查评估CMB情况。比较CMB组和无CMB组临床资料的差异。结果研究共纳入240例患者,70例(29.17%)并发CMB。CMB组病灶分布于基底节区48例(68.57%)、皮质-皮质下41例(58.57%)、丘脑26例(37.14%)、脑干24例(34.29%)、小脑16例(22.86%);微出血灶大小为0~108μm,平均为14.02±0.32μm。CMB组的年龄、饮酒史、高血压史、脑出血史、收缩压、舒张压与无CMB组比较存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 AIS患者使用抗栓治疗方案干预后易并发CMB,临床上对此应予以格外关注。     

The role of fondaparinux as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a subgroup analysis of the OASIS-6 trial.

AIMS: No antithrombotic therapy has been shown to reduce mortality when used with thrombolytics in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the OASIS-6 trial, fondaparinux significantly reduced mortality and reinfarction without increasing bleeding in 12 092 patients with acute ST elevation MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the results of a subgroup analysis in the 5436 patients (45%) receiving thrombolytics. According to local practice, 4415 patients did not have an indication for unfractionated heparin (stratum 1) and 1021 did (stratum 2). Fondaparinux reduced the primary study outcome of death or MI at 30 days [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.92] with consistent reductions in both mortality (HR and CI) and reinfarction (HR and CI). There was a non-significantly lower rate of stroke (HR 0.77, CI 0.48-1.25). The risk of severe bleeding was significantly reduced (HR 0.62, CI 0.40-0.94), and thus the balance of benefit and risk (death, MI and severe haemorrhage) was clearly reduced by fondaparinux (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.90). Results were consistent in the two strata, by the different types of thrombolytics and across various time intervals from symptom onset to treatment. CONCLUSION: In STEMI patients treated with thrombolytic agents (predominantly streptokinase), fondaparinux significantly reduced the risk of death, re-MI and severe bleeds.