产前超声早期诊断胎儿前腹壁异常的临床意义

目的探讨早孕及中孕早期超声诊断胎儿前腹壁异常的临床意义。方法回顾性分析我院早孕及中孕早期超声诊断的21胎前腹壁异常胎儿超声表现及随访结果,分析比较前腹壁异常的超声声像图特征。结果早孕及中孕早期超声筛查出21胎胎儿前腹壁异常,均在首次超声检查时发现,均经引产直接观察或病理检查进一步证实;其中脐膨出12胎,泄殖腔外翻1胎,体蒂异常8胎。7胎接受羊水穿刺检查,1胎脐膨出为13-三体,余染色体未见异常。结论早孕及中孕早期超声检查可有效诊断及鉴别诊断前腹壁异常,具有重要临床意义。     

An unusual case of preaxial polydactyly of the hand (triplication of the thumbs)

Preaxial polydactyly is the most common duplication pattern in white and Asian populations (1). It is a congenital anomaly with a wide range of manifestations. Current classification do not have the capacity to classify all different types of radial polydactyly. We describe here a very rare and unusual case of bilateral preaxial polydactyly (triplication) in a woman and report the operations results. We have not found similar case in the literature. Our case is unique and did not fit into the classification systems described for thumb polydactyly.     

Carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to an accessory flexor digitorum superficialis muscle belly: case report and review of the literature

Anomalous muscles usually do not cause symptoms but are of academic interest mainly discovered during cadaveric dissection. An aberrant muscle belly arising from the index finger flexor digitorum superficialis tendon causing carpal tunnel syndrome is rare. The management of such an anatomical variant is dependent on whether the median nerve compression is associated with a palpable mass. A brief case highlighting important management principles along with a complete literature review is reported.     

Structured abstracts of clinical trials

Abstract

A report of a healthy young adult woman with non-pathological congenital absence of the lateral and posterior parts of the atlas is presented. This occurred in association with a steep mandibular plane angle and an extremely obtuse gonial angle. Similar facial features are common in females with hypoplastic dorsal arches, and this case illustrates the intimate developmental association between the upper part of the cervical spine and the craniofacial complex.     

OPEN TREATMENT OF SYNDACTYLY OF THE FOOT

The aim of reconstruction of the webs for syndactyly of the foot is cosmetic improvement, so skin grafting should be avoided. We present our long-term results of 19 feet with simple cutaneous syndactyly in 15 patients who were treated by an open technique. The bottom of the web was covered with a dorsal rectangular flap and the remaining skin defect was left open to epithelialise spontaneously. This took about 4 weeks. After a mean follow-up of 5.7 years (range 3-9), no hypertrophic scar or pigmentation of the skin had developed. Creeping of the web was seen only during the first postoperative year. The final depth of the web satisfied the families of all patients. As the aim of web reconstruction for syndactyly of the foot is purely cosmetic, we conclude that this simple method is reasonable treatment.     

Self-supervised anomaly detection,staging and segmentation for retinal images

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) is to detect anomalies through learning the distribution of normal data without labels and therefore has a wide application in medical images by alleviating the burden of collecting annotated medical data. Current UAD methods mostly learn the normal data by the reconstruction of the original input, but often lack the consideration of any prior information that has semantic meanings. In this paper, we first propose a universal unsupervised anomaly detection framework SSL-AnoVAE, which utilizes a self-supervised learning (SSL) module for providing more fine-grained semantics depending on the to-be detected anomalies in the retinal images. We also explore the relationship between the data transformation adopted in the SSL module and the quality of anomaly detection for retinal images. Moreover, to take full advantage of the proposed SSL-AnoVAE and apply towards clinical usages for computer-aided diagnosis of retinal-related diseases, we further propose to stage and segment the anomalies in retinal images detected by SSL-AnoVAE in an unsupervised manner. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for unsupervised anomaly detection, staging and segmentation on both retinal optical coherence tomography images and color fundus photograph images.