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Childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years worldwide. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may be limited by method of development, scope of recommendations and the quality of supporting evidence. This study systematically identified, appraised and compared the recommendations of CPGs for the management of paediatric CAP using the AGREE II tool.The systematic review yielded 1409 non-duplicate results, of which 14 CPGs were appraised. Four of the fourteen CPGs were deemed high quality. Most CPGs were considered low-medium quality with ‘rigour of development’ and ‘applicability’ the weakest domains. These areas should be considered in deriving CPGs in the future. Recommendations were generally similar across all guidelines; however, there was notable heterogeneity in three areas. This suggests the need for further evidence to guide management decisions on oxygen saturation thresholds for admission, the utility of investigations such as acute phase reactants, and the duration of antibiotic therapy.  相似文献   
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AimTo determine whether convalescent angiotensin (1?7) peptide replacement therapy with plasma (peptide plasma) transfusion can be beneficial in the treatment of critically ill patients with severe coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.Study designCase series of 9 critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who met the following criteria: severe pneumonia with rapid progression and continuously high viral load despite antiviral treatment.Peptide plasma: Plasma with angiotensin (1?7) content 8–10 times higher than healthy plasma donors was obtained from suitable donors. Peptide plasma transfusion was applied to 9 patients whose clinical status and/or laboratory profile deteriorated and who needed intensive care for 2 days.ResultsIn our COVID-19 cases, favipiravir, low molecular weight heparin treatment, which is included in the treatment protocol of the ministry of health, was started. Nine patients with oxygen saturation of 93% and below despite nasal oxygen support, whose clinical and/or laboratory deteriorated, were identified. The youngest of the cases was 36 years old, and the oldest patient was 85 years old. 6 of the 9 cases had male gender. 3 cases had been smoking for more than 10 years. 4 cases had at least one chronic disease.In all of our cases, SARS CoV2 lung involvement was bilateral and peptide plasma therapy was administered in cases when oxygen saturation was 93% and below despite nasal oxygen support of 5 liters/minute and above, and intensive care was required. Although it was not reflected in the laboratory parameters in the early period, 8 patients whose saturations improved with treatment were discharged without the need for intensive care. However, a similar response was not obtained in one case. Oxygen requirement increased gradually and, he died in intensive care process. An increase of the platelet count was observed in all cases following the peptide plasma treatment.ConclusionIn this preliminary case series of 9 critically ill patients with COVID-19, administration of plasma containing angiotensin (1?7) was followed by improvement in their clinical status. The limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the potential effectiveness of this treatment, and these observations require evaluation in clinical trials.  相似文献   
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《Human immunology》2022,83(2):130-133
The stimulation of AT1R (Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1) by Angiotensin II has, in addition to the effects on the renin-angiotensin system, also pro-inflammatory effects through stimulation of ADAM17 and subsequent production of INF-gamma and Interleukin-6. This pro-inflammatory action stimulate the cytokine storm that characterizes the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We studied the effect of AT1Rab on the AT1R on 74 subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection with respiratory symptoms requiring hospitalization. We divided the patients into 2 groups: 34 with moderate and 40 with severe symptoms that required ICU admission. Hospitalized subjects showed a 50% reduction in the frequency of AT1Rab compared to healthy reference population. Of the ICU patients, 33/40 (82.5%) were AT1Rab negative and 16/33 of them (48.5%) died. All 7 patients positive for AT1Rab survived. These preliminary data seem to indicate a protective role played by AT1R autoantibodies on inflammatory activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection pathology.  相似文献   
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《Indian heart journal》2022,74(3):178-181
ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy of valsartan/sacubitril (angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor [ARNI]) against enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [ACEI]) in patients with acute heart failure at 6-month follow-up.MethodsIn this prospective, single centre, and observational study conducted between September 2017 and February 2020 in India, patients with acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (<40%) were included. Patients were divided in two groups: valsartan/sacubitril (ARNI) group and enalapril (ACEI). Patients were followed up for at least 6 months after administration of first dose and were evaluated for safety, efficacy, and tolerability of target drug. Student's independent t-test was employed for comparing continuous variables. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, whichever appropriate, was applied for comparing categorical variables.ResultsA total of 200 patients were included in the present study, 100 each in ARNI and ACEI group. The mean age of the population was 61.2 ± 8.4 years and 62.6 ± 8.6 years in ARNI group and ACEI group, respectively. The mean maximum tolerated dose by population in ARNI group was 203.6 mg and 8.9 mg in ACEI group. Readmission for heart failure were seen significantly higher in ACEI group than ARNI group (p value = 0.001). Parameters like ejection fraction, left ventricular end diastolic and systolic dimensions, 6 min walk test and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires (KCCQ) showed p values < 0.05 between the groups.ConclusionThe ARNI study group showed better safety and efficacy outcomes at the end of 6 months follow-up compared to ACEI group.  相似文献   
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目的观察抑郁症对冠心病患者血管紧张素及血脂的影响。方法选择2018年7-12月于贵州省人民医院心内科住院治疗的冠心病患者126例作为冠心病组,根据抑郁评分将冠心病患者分为抑郁组(58例)及非抑郁组(68例),另选取同期于门诊健康体检者64例作为对照组。比较各组受试者血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血管紧张素(Ang)Ⅰ、AngⅡ、醛固酮(ALD)水平、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分,分析冠心病患者合并抑郁症的相关危险因素。结果冠心病组患者TG、TC及LDL-C水平均高于对照组(P <0. 05);抑郁组患者TG、LDL-C及TC水平均高于非抑郁组(P <0. 05)。抑郁组及非抑郁组患者AngⅠ水平、AngⅡ水平、ALD水平、HAMA评分及HAMD评分均高于对照组,抑郁组患者AngⅠ水平、AngⅡ水平、HAMA评分及HAMD评分均高于非抑郁组(P <0. 05)。抑郁组与非抑郁组患者ALD水平比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,冠心病患者的抑郁程度与ALD、AngⅠ及AngⅡ水平呈正相关(P <0. 05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,ALD、AngⅠ、AngⅡ水平为冠心病患者合并抑郁症的独立危险因素。结论冠心病患者合并抑郁症与ALD及Ang水平呈正相关,Ang及ALD水平均为冠心病患者合并抑郁症的独立危险因素。  相似文献   
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陈吉  孙月  高亚  李脊  杜进涛  田金徽 《中国全科医学》2020,23(13):1583-1591
背景 慢性鼻窦炎是耳鼻喉科高发疾病,对患者造成严重的影响和经济负担,但目前国内外慢性鼻窦炎诊疗指南推荐意见存在差异。目的 对慢性鼻窦炎诊疗指南进行质量评价并分析其治疗意见,为指南制定和推荐意见的采纳提供建议。方法 于2019年2月检索中英文数据库和各专业指南网站获取相关文献,同时追踪参考文献,筛选适用于青少年及成年人的推荐意见中包含对慢性鼻窦炎的治疗意见的指南。检索时间为建库至检索日期。使用临床指南研究与评估系统Ⅱ(AGREE Ⅱ)和卫生保健实践指南报告清单(RIGHT)对纳入指南的方法学质量和报告质量进行评价,并绘制气泡图和思维导图,对比分析关于慢性鼻窦炎治疗的推荐意见。结果 最终纳入8部指南,AGREE Ⅱ评价总分平均为48.76%(30.90%~73.09%),仅2部指南强烈推荐使用(得分>60%),其余6部需修订后推荐。RIGHT条目总体报告率为34.29%~65.71%,其中评审和质量控制方面报告率均为0。指南推荐一致的治疗方法包括皮质类固醇、鼻腔盐水冲洗和手术治疗,以及过敏者口服抗组胺药,可选用的措施包括细菌溶解物、黏痰溶解药、质子泵抑制剂、植物疗法、辣椒素、亮氨酸拮抗剂、鼻用呋塞米、木糖醇盐水冲洗液、次氯酸钠盐水冲洗液、含婴儿香波的盐水冲洗液,尚无统一观点的治疗措施包括抗生素、减充血剂、白三烯受体拮抗剂、IgE拮抗剂及阿司匹林加重呼吸系统疾病患者阿司匹林脱敏治疗。结论 现有慢性鼻窦炎诊疗指南制定方法及其报告质量需提高,建议纳入患者的偏好、使用统一的评价工具和考虑运用性。推荐意见有冲突时,建议参考制定方法更为严谨的指南。  相似文献   
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Reports on pediatric low-grade diffuse glioma WHO-grade II (DG2) suggest an impaired survival rate, but lack conclusive results for genetically defined DG2-entities. We analyzed the natural history, treatment and prognosis of DG2 and investigated which genetically defined sub-entities proved unfavorable for survival. Within the prospectively registered, population-based German/Swiss SIOP-LGG 2004 cohort 100 patients (age 0.8-17.8 years, 4% neurofibromatosis [NF1]) were diagnosed with a DG2. Following biopsy (41%) or variable extent of resection (59%), 65 patients received no adjuvant treatment. Radiologic progression or severe neurologic symptoms prompted chemotherapy (n = 18) or radiotherapy (n = 17). Multiple lines of salvage treatment were necessary for 19/35 patients. Five years event-free survival dropped to 0.44, while 5 years overall survival was 0.90 (median observation time 8.3 years). Extensive genetic profiling of 65/100 DG2 identified Histone3-K27M-mutation in 4, IDH1-mutation in 11, BRAF-V600-mutation in 12, KIAA1549-BRAF-fusions in 6 patients, while the remaining 32 tumor tissues did not show alterations of these genes. Progression to malignant glioma occurred in 12 cases of all genetically defined subgroups within a range of 0.5 to 10.8 years, except for tumors carrying KIAA1549-BRAF-fusions. Histone3-K27M-mutant tumors proved uniformly fatal within 0.6 to 2.4 years. The current LGG treatment strategy seems appropriate for all DG2-entities, with the exemption of Histone3-K27M-mutant tumors that require a HGG-related treatment strategy. Our data confirm the importance to genetically define pediatric low-grade diffuse gliomas for proper treatment decisions and risk assessment.  相似文献   
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