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世界造口治疗师协会(World Council of Enterostomal Therapists? ,WCET?)成立于1978年,是一家在英国注册的慈善结构,其使命是引领造口、伤口、失禁专科化职业化护理的全球发展。最初,WCET?仅涉及造口护理专业,进过多年的发展,伤口和失禁护理也被纳入实践领域。2022年12月WCET?发布了《2020版WCET?国际造口指南》(第二版),该指南旨在为即将进行或已经进行造口手术的患者提供循证护理的建议。以2014年第一版WCET?国际造口指南为基础,对自2014年指南发布以来发表的研究和文献进行了更新评估。2020版国际造口指南适用于在各国/地区的各种护理环境之下接受护理服务的所有造口人士,包含与全球范围内的造口患者护理有关的文化、宗教和/或种族资料,将帮助护理人员根据适当的文化、宗教和种族考虑因素制定护理计划。本文主要从指南发布的背景、指南的目标、指南推荐、指南推荐和证据评估、指南实施,WCET?成员的文化、宗教和社会考虑因素、附录、术语和定义等方面进行要点解读,以期能让造口护理相关领域的专业人员、组织以及造口患者和照顾者更好地了解本指南的核心内容,为进一步提高造口护理质量,改善造口患者的生活质量提供参考。  相似文献   
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【摘要】 目的:分析合并食管裂孔疝(hiatus hernia)的强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腰椎后凸畸形患者的临床特点和影像学表现,评估后路经椎弓根截骨矫形术(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)对此类患者的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月~2020年7月于我院行PSO治疗的301例AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者的资料,其中5例合并食管裂孔疝,男2例,女3例,年龄54.6±7.2岁(48~67岁),2例患者存在术前吞咽困难,术前通过肺功能检查评估患者呼吸功能,发现4例患者存在轻度呼吸功能受限,1例患者合并重度呼吸功能不全伴肺动脉高压。PSO术中未对患者食管裂孔疝进行特殊处理。术前、术后及末次随访时在患者全脊柱X线片上测量全脊柱最大后凸角(global kyphosis,GK)和矢状位平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA),术前和术后在矢状位CT上测量食管裂孔疝入物高度、在横断面CT上测量食管裂孔疝面积,记录术后并发症情况。应用配对秩和检验比较术前术后影像学参数。结果:5例患者随访3~24个月(12.6±7.5个月)。术前GK为103.2°±19.9°,术后改善至48.2°±15.0°,末次随访时45.0°±11.9°;术前SVA为213.4±90.6mm,术后改善至68.2±36.0mm,末次随访为63.0±50.3mm,术后GK、SVA与术前比较有均显著性差异(P>0.05),而末次随访时GK、SVA与术后比较无显著性差异(P<0.05)。术前疝入物高度为9.1±1.7cm,面积为73.0±39.3cm2,术后分别降至6.4±0.9cm和42.4±19.5cm2,术后疝入物高度和面积与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。所有患者均未发生神经并发症及浅表或深部感染,且无断钉、断棒等内固定并发症。结论:对于合并食管裂孔疝的AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者,在PSO术后脊柱畸形得以矫正的同时,食管裂孔疝也能获得一定程度改善。  相似文献   
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目的 形成《肠外营养安全输注专家共识》(以下简称《共识》),规范临床肠外营养安全输注操作流程,以减少肠外营养相关并发症的发生。 方法 以循证实践为指导,系统检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practjce、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、国际指南网、美国指南网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、苏格兰院际间指南网、欧洲肠外肠内营养学会、美国肠外肠内营养学会、中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会、中国医脉通指南网、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase等中有关肠外营养安全输注的高质量证据,检索年限为建库至2021年1月。评价、提取并汇总该领域的相关推荐建议,形成《共识》初稿,通过2轮专家函询和2次专家论证会议,结合专家意见修改完善各条目内容,形成《共识》终稿。 结果 2轮专家函询的专家积极系数均为100%,专家权威系数分别为81.00%和89.50%,专家意见协调系数分别为0.13和0.15。最终《共识》包括多学科团队组建、肠外营养输注评估、操作规范、并发症管理4个方面。 结论 《共识》的制订可为临床肠外营养安全输注的规范开展提供指导依据,保障患者安全,提升服务质量。  相似文献   
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目的 通过网状Meta分析评价11种运动训练对老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和肌肉质量改善效果的影响。 方法 检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库和维普数据库中关于运动训练对老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和肌肉质量改善效果的随机对照试验。检索时限为建库至2022年1月。采用Stata 15.0软件进行网状Meta分析。 结果 纳入34项研究,共2 199例患者。网状Meta分析结果表明,与非运动对照组相比,阻力训练、小组综合训练、八段锦、全身振动训练、家庭综合训练可改善老年肌少症患者的身体功能(P<0.05);阻力训练和壶铃训练可改善老年肌少症患者的握力(P<0.05);阻力训练可改善老年肌少症患者的骨骼肌指数(P<0.05)。 结论 在改善老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和质量方面,阻力训练是目前最优的运动干预措施,其次为小组综合训练和全身振动训练,但仍需更多研究进一步论证。  相似文献   
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ObjectivePreterm infants are subjected to numerous painful procedures during their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. Despite advancements in pain alleviation, nurses remain challenged to provide timely and effective pain management for preterm infants. Greater understanding of the lived experience of nurses caring for preterm infants in pain could provide novel insights to improve pain management for this vulnerable population. The aim of this meta-ethnography was to synthesize and interpret qualitative findings of nurses’ experiences of taking care of preterm infants in pain.MethodsAn extensive literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, BIOSIS and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Database was conducted, including studies within the past 10 years. Two nursing researchers conducted data extraction and analysis independently. Inclusion criteria were applied to search for qualitative studies of nurse participants who worked in the NICU taking care of preterm infants. Studies published in a language other than English, articles that did not include qualitative data and qualitative data that could not be extracted from the findings or did not discuss nurses’ experiences were excluded. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used for literature quality evaluation.ResultsEight studies remained after further screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. These eight studies were conducted from 2013 to 2018 and totally enrolled 205 nurses from Iran, Canada, the United States, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and Australia. Five themes emerged on the nurses’ perspectives of taking care of preterm infants in pain: 1) They sense the neonatal pain; 2) Adverse consequences of unrelieved pain; 3) Barriers of managing pain; 4) Concerns of available approaches for pain relief; 5) Failure to work with parents.ConclusionsThis meta-ethnography identified nurses’ understanding of pain in preterm infants that can be assessed, and they acknowledged that unrelieved pain could cause developmental deficits in infants. The barriers are lack of training and support on pain assessment and intervention in preterm infants. Optimizing workload and environment, developing age-specified pain assessment and intervention, receiving emotional support and training, and building up a rapport with parents are urgent needs for nurses to provide better care to infants having pain.  相似文献   
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AimThis study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of validity and reliability of the Core Competence in Fundamental Nursing Practicum Scale.BackgroundFundamental nursing practicum is an initial practicum required for nursing students; however, no measurement tool is available to assess students’ core competence during their first practicum.DesignCross-sectional design.MethodsNursing students from six nursing colleges in Southern Taiwan who completed their fundamental nursing practicum within 1 month were recruited. The initial 39-item Core Competence in Fundamental Nursing Practicum Scale was drafted and examined for its content, face and factorial validity. The data were randomly assigned into two subgroups and analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal-axis factoring and direct oblimin rotation and numbers of factors were extracted on the basis of eigenvalues > 1 and a scree plot. The exploratory factor analysis derived structure was then verified by a confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation. Reliability was examined in term of internal consistency.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis samples comprised 405 and 513 students, respectively. Four items were omitted by content validity and another four items were omitted because of the ceiling effect. Six items were removed during the exploratory factor analysis because of their lower factor loadings (< 0.4). The final 25-item Core Competence in Fundamental Nursing Practicum Scale comprised 5 domains, namely communication (3 items), application of nursing process (6 items), basic biomedical science (4 items), nursing skills and ability to perform a care process (7 items), and professional attitude (5 items), which collectively explained 70.14% of total variance. The structure was then verified by a confirmatory factor analysis with satisfactory model fit. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Core Competence in Fundamental Nursing Practicum Scale was 0.94.ConclusionsThe 25-item Core Competence in Fundamental Nursing Practicum Scale reliably and validly measures nursing students’ core competence during their fundamental nursing practicum. Instructors can use the scale to identify students’ weak core competencies and refine their courses for novice nurses.  相似文献   
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AimThe purpose of this integrative review is to provide a comprehensive review of ethical considerations for host communities and nursing programs in planning, implementing and evaluating global health experiences for nursing students.BackgroundGlobal health experiences for nursing students are proliferating rapidly across university settings while at the same time decreasing the average time spent in the host country engaged with local communities. Global health experiences are an area where students can experience ethics as it is applied across varied contexts including resource limited international settings. As nursing education expands its global programming, exploring the ethical implications of designing, implementing and evaluating GHEs becomes pivotal to build respectful, sustainable relationships with global partners and best prepare nursing students for ethical professional practice in an interconnected world.DesignWe conducted an integrative review to examine ethical considerations in development of ethical global health experiences that benefit, rather than harm, host communities and participating nursing student guests.MethodsThe search included articles published in English language, peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2021 that discussed ethics in the context of nursing students traveling internationally for global health experiences. Eighteen articles met criteria for review.ResultsOverall, findings demonstrate relatively little research specific to ethical engagement in global health experiences. The articles in this integrative review discussed a range of ethical attributes including reciprocity or collaboration, respect, sustainability or commitment, justice and openness. Recommendations based on research and non-research articles are provided.ConclusionsEthical comportment in global health experiences requires careful planning, implementation and evaluation to assure an equitable and sustainable partnership between host community, faculty and nursing student guests.  相似文献   
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