Lipid based nanocarriers: a translational perspective

Over the recent couple of decades, pharmaceutical field has embarked most phenomenal noteworthy achievements in the field of medications as well as drug delivery. The rise of Nanotechnology in this field has reformed the existing drug delivery for targeting, diagnostic, remedial applications and patient monitoring. The convincing usage of nanotechnology in the conveyance of medications that prompts an extension of novel lipid-based nanocarriers and non-liposomal systems has been discussed. Present review deals with the late advances and updates in lipidic nanocarriers, their formulation strategies, challenging aspects, stability profile, clinical applications alongside commercially available products and products under clinical trials. This exploration may give a complete idea viewing the lipid based nanocarriers as a promising choice for the formulation of pharmaceutical products, the challenges looked by the translational process of lipid-based nanocarriers and the combating methodologies to guarantee the headway of these nanocarriers from bench to bedside.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平联合应用坎地沙坦酯治疗中重度高血压的临床研究

目的：观察苯磺酸氨氯地平联合坎地沙坦酯治疗中重度高血压的临床疗效。方法：选择中重度高血压患者160例,随机分为A、B两组,A组口服苯磺酸氨氯地平5 mg,加坎地沙坦酯8 mg,1次/d,B组口服苯磺酸氨氯地平5 mg,1次/d,2个月后测血压进行疗效分析。结果：两组血压均有下降,A组有效率95.00%,B组有效率66.25%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论：苯磺酸氨氯地平联合坎地沙坦酯较单用苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗更有效,两药联用,能发挥协同作用,提高降压疗效。     

苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压病26例超声心动图观察

本文利用超声心动图对新一代钙拮抗剂苯磺酸氨氯地平（ＡｍｌｏｄｉｐｉｎｅＢｅｓｙｌａｔｅ）治疗２６例Ⅰ～Ⅱ期高血压病前后的心脏功能及总外周阻力进行监测，发现此药在降压的同时，还具有较好的降低总外周阻力，减轻心肌重量，增加心输出量及射血分数，对心脏有一定的保护作用，为临床的治疗工作提供帮助。     

氨氯地平联合肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂治疗原发性高血压有效性的Meta分析

目的：评价氨氯地平联合肾上腺素抑制剂与单用药治疗高血压的有效性。方法：在中国知网、万方数据库及Web of Science上检索氨氯地平联合沙坦类与普利类治疗原发性高血压的相关文献,并同时辅以文献追踪法进行检索,对符合纳入标准的文献采用RevMan5.0专用软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入7篇文献,有977例研究对象,其中试验组472例,对照组459例。纳入3篇氨氯地平联合普利类用药的有效性进行Meta分析,合并 OR 值为 6.64(P＜0.00001),95%的CI为[3.48,12.65];4篇氨氯地平联合沙坦类用药的有效性进行Meta分析,合并OR值为3.81(P＜0.0001),95%的CI为[2.04,7.13]。结论：与单一使用氨氯地平相比,氨氯地平联合血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂用药能够明显改善高血压的治疗效果;联合血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂的治疗效果尚待进一步探究。     

SELF-MEASURED SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE MORNING IS A STRONG INDICATOR OF DECLINE OF RENAL FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH NON-DIABETIC CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

While blood pressure is a recognized major determinant of renal function deterioration, the role of self blood pressure measurement (BPM) in predicting the loss of renal function in hypertensive patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) has not been adequately addressed. One hundred and thirteen patients (F/M: 46/67; 56±1 years) with CRI (mean serum creatinine: 1.87±0.08; range: 1.4 to 3.5?mg/dl; average urinary protein excretion: 1.2±0.2?g/24?hrs.) were followed for 3 years. The record of renal biopsy revealed that 74 patients had IgA nephropathy, 16 had chronic glomerulonephritis, and 6 had membranous nephropathy, while 17, unbiopsied patients had underlying renal disease of unknown origin. Self BPM were made at regular intervals throughout the course of the study. All recorded blood pressures were included in a stepwise multiple regression analysis in which the decline in GFR per year was the dependent variable. Patients were primarily treated with a combination of amlodipine (5 to 20?mg daily), a calcium antagonist, and benazepril(2.5 to 5?mg daily), an ACE inhibitor in an effort to reduce their blood pressure at the office to <130/85?mmHg. The simple correlation between blood pressures (i.e., office, home morning and home evening) and the decline in GFR were all statistically significant. The correlation coefficients of determination for this model were as follows: r=0.64 for home morning SBP; 0.43 for office SBP; 0.39 for office DBP; and 0.38 for home morning DBP. The level of urinary protein excretion did not correlate with the decline in GFR. These data suggest that self BPM improves prognostic ability in hypertensive patients with CRI.     

Simultaneous determination of amlodipine,valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide by LC–ESI-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics in rats

Polypill is a fixed-dose combination that contains three or more active ingredients used as a single daily pill to achieve a large effect in preventing cardiovascular disease with minimal adverse effects. A novel and accurate liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method using electrospray ionization mode has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine (AMD), valsartan (VAL) using losartan (LOS) as an internal standard (IS), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) using furosemide (FSD) as an IS. The separation was carried on Aquasil C₁₈ (50 mm×2.1 mm, 5 µm) reversed phase column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL. The intra and inter-day precision and accuracy, stability and extraction recoveries of all the analytes were in the acceptable range. This method can be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of AMD, VAL and HCT when given as a polypill.     

西尼地平和氨氯地平降压有效性和安全性比较

目的　评价西尼地平和氨氯地平降压的疗效和安全性。方法　采用随机双盲双模拟研究方法。西尼地平组 (A组 ) 2 7例 ,氨氯地平组 (B组 ) 2 7例。起始剂量为 5mg ,活性药物治疗 4周后未达到有效标准则药物剂量加倍继续治疗 4周 ,有效者原药量继续服用 4周。总疗程为 8周。结果　两组患者治疗 4周和 8周血压均比用药前下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。A、B两组总有效率分别为 85 .1 9%和 88.89%。两组间总有效率无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。A、B两组不良反应发生率分别为 1 1 .1 1 %和 1 4 .81 % ,试验过程中不良反应均能耐受 ,无一例退出试验。结论　西尼地平和氨氯地平均是治疗轻、中度高血压的有效药物 ,药物不良反应少     

Effects of amlodipine and fosinopril on heart rate variability and left ventricular mass in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension

The differences between long-acting dihydropyridines and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with regard to their long-term effects on 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) and left ventricular (LV) mass are less clear in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. We studied the long-term effects of amlodipine and fosinopril on 24-h HRV and LV mass in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. In this study, 27 patients with never treated mild-to-moderate essential hypertension were randomised to receive either amlodipine or fosinopril once daily as monotherapy. At baseline and at the end of the third and sixth months, each of the patients underwent 24-h HRV and ambulatory systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure analysis. LV mass index was calculated from echocardiographic examination at baseline and at the end of the sixth month. In amlodipine group (n = 14), 24-h SBP/DBP (mmHg) decreased from 144 +/- 8/94 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 6/83 +/- 3 at the end of the third month and to 125 +/- 5/81 +/- 2 at the end of the sixth month (p < 0.0001). In fosinopril group (n = 13), the respective changes were 143 +/- 9/97 +/- 7, 132 +/- 6/87 +/- 5 and 127 +/- 6/82 +/- 3 (p < 0.0001). At the end of the sixth month, LV mass index (g/m(2)) decreased from 122 +/- 26 to 105 +/- 21 in amlodipine group (p < 0.0001) and from 118 +/- 23 to 101 +/- 14 in fosinopril group (p < 0.0001). There were no significant changes in HRV parameters in both the groups. It was concluded that both drugs caused significant decrease in SBP and DBP, and LV mass in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension did not have significant long-term effects of either amlodipine or fosinopril on 24-h HRV parameters reflecting sympathetic or parasympathetic activity in these patients.     

比索洛尔联合氨氯地平治疗对老年冠心病并高血压临床疗效及预后观察

目的分析比索洛尔联合氨氯地平治疗对老年冠心病并高血压临床疗效及预后观察。方法选择本院2018年1月-2019年1月收治的70例老年冠心病并高血压患者,随机分成两组,对照组35例使用比索洛尔治疗,研究组35例在对照组基础上添加氨氯地平治疗,对两组临床疗效及不良反应情况比较。结果治疗后,研究组显效21例,好转13例,研究组总有效率为97.14%,比对照组的82.85%高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研研究组患者不良反应发生率为8.57%,比对照组的25.71%低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论比索洛尔联合氨氯地平治疗老年冠心病并高血压患者,可减少患者不良反应,有效提高临床治疗疗效,临床上值得推广使用。     

稳心颗粒联合氨氯地平治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的研究稳心颗粒联合苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选取2016年10月—2018年10月在遂宁市中心医院进行治疗的132例冠心病心绞痛患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各66例。对照组患者口服苯磺酸氨氯地平片,1片/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服稳心颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗1个月。观察两组患者的临床疗效和心电图疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后的临床症状、血清学指标和心肌酶指标。结果治疗后,对照组临床疗效和心电图疗效分别为81.82%、83.33%,均分别显著低于治疗组的95.45%、93.94%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心绞痛发作次数和持续时间均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组心绞痛发作次数和持续时间显著短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组全血黏度(WBV)、血浆黏度(PV)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组血清学指标水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶MB型同工酶(CK-MB)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组心肌酶指标水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论稳心颗粒联合苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗冠心病心绞痛具有较好的临床疗效,可改善患者临床症状和血液流变学指标,安全性较高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。