Delirium with manic and psychotic features associated with amantadine

While clinicians are familiar with psychosis as a complication in the long-term treatment with amantadine, rapid psychiatric complications are of much less concern. In the case presented, severe decompensation in mental status occurred within 48 h of initiation of standard doses of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinicians should be alert not only for delayed complications but also for early-onset mental decompensation in elderly patients with influenza A treated with amantadine.     

RP-HPLC测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中3种组分的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中马来酸氟苯那敏、对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量.方法:使用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),流动相为0.01 mol·L-1戊烷磺酸钠溶液(磷酸调节pH3.0)-甲醇(85∶15),柱温30℃,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长为216 nm.结果:马来酸氯苯那敏、对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的线性范围分别为:2.30～45.96 mg·L-1(r=0.999 7),32.37～647.32 mg·L-1(r=0.999 6),5.81～116.12 mg·L-1(r=0.999 7);平均回收率分别为99.6%,100.1%,99.9%,RSD分别为0.26%,0.60%,0.48%.结论:本法简便,快速经济,结果准确,重现性好,更有利于控制产品质量.     

Amantadine induced reversible corneal edema

Amantadine is becoming more commonly used for Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly for its efficacy in treating the drug-induced dyskinesias. Corneal edema is a known but unusual side effect of amantadine therapy, rarely reported in the neurological literature. We report amantadine-induced reversible corneal edema in a patient with advanced PD.     

Double-blind evaluation of the effect of acute amantadine on cocaine craving

Single doses of amantadine hydrochloride and placebo were administered in a double-blind cross-over design on separate days to ten actively craving cocaine abusers in treatment. Pharmacological treatment did influence cocaine craving, but amantadine was less effective than placebo.     

Anticonvulsant action of 1,3-dimethyl-5-aminoadamantane

Summary The anticonvulsant actions of memantine (1,3-dimethyl-5-aminoadamantane) have been evaluated in mice (seizures induced by maximal electroshock, pentylenetetrazol, bicuculline, picrotoxin, 3-mercaptopropionic acid and N-methyl-d,l-aspartic acid) and in photosensitive baboons, Papio Papio (clonic responses to intermittent photic stimulation). Memantine, 5–20 mg/kg, raised the threshold for electroconvulsions and protected mice against the tonic hind limb extension in pentylenetetrazol-, bicuculline-, picrotoxin-and 3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced seizures, but was ineffective against the clonic phase of chemically-induced seizures. In the baboons, no protection against photomyoclonic responses was observed within 5 h after the intravenous administration of memantine, 1–9 mg/kg. Amantadine, 100 mg/kg, reduced the protective effect of memantine against electroconvulsions. Apomorphine, haloperidol, pimozide, spiroperidol and bicuculline did not modify the anticonvulsant activity of memantine in electroconvulsions. These studies demonstrate an anticonvulsant action of memantine in rodents and suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms do not contribute to its mechanism of action.     

三种西药制剂微生物限度检查方法适用性试验的研究

目的建立复方氨酚烷胺胶囊、复方盐酸普鲁卡因胶囊和诺氟沙星胶囊三种制剂的微生物限度检查方法。方法按照2015年版《中国药典》四部的规定测定三种制剂对5个试验菌株的回收比值,并进行控制菌检查的方法适用性试验。结果复方氨酚烷胺胶囊与复方盐酸普鲁卡因胶囊均采用稀释法(1∶100)+薄膜过滤法(500mL/膜)进行需氧菌总数的测定,诺氟沙星胶囊采用稀释法(1∶100)+中和剂法+薄膜过滤法(500mL/膜)进行需氧菌总数的测定;三种制剂均采用平皿法(1∶10)进行霉菌和酵母菌总数的测定;复方氨酚烷胺胶囊采用薄膜过滤法(1∶20,冲洗500mL)、复方盐酸普鲁卡因胶囊采用常规法、诺氟沙星胶囊采用中和剂法+薄膜过滤法(1∶20,冲洗800mL)进行控制菌大肠埃希菌的检查。结论上述方法可作为三种制剂的微生物限度检查方法。     

Adamantane resistance in seasonal human influenza A viruses from Calgary, Alberta (January 2007 to August 2008)

The available antivirals for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A infections include the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine), which are matrix (M2) protein inhibitors, and the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir). Resistance to the adamantanes is conferred by mutations at amino acid positions 26, 27, 30, 31 or 34 within the M2 protein of influenza A viruses. A significant increase in adamantane resistance has been reported worldwide since 2003, reflected by a similar increase in Canada. The present study reports on the frequency of adamantane resistance in seasonal influenza A viruses in Calgary, Alberta, for the period between January 2007 and August 2008, as an update to the previous report. Positive influenza A samples (221 original patient specimens and 34 isolates obtained by viral culture) were analyzed for changes in the critical amino acid residues of the M2 gene. The amplification and sequencing of regions that confer adamantane resistance directly from RNA extracts of clinical samples (without previous culture) makes this approach a fast and efficient process for monitoring resistance. The results showed that the frequency of resistance varied from 37.5% to 49.2% in circulating influenza A H3N2 virus strains (n=213) between January 2007 and April 2007. The frequency of resistance increased to 100% in May 2007, after which all H3N2 viruses were resistant until the end of the monitoring period. All resistant H3N2 viruses contained the serine to asparagine substitution at amino acid position 31. Resistance was not observed in the H1N1 viruses tested (n=39) within this monitoring period. The level of adamantane resistance in H3N2 viruses continues to remain high since resistant viruses became the prevalent circulating strains in 2005. Recent reports have indicated that the currently circulating swine-origin influenza A H1N1 subtype viruses are adamantane resistant. It is, thus, important to continue to monitor seasonal influenza A viruses for antiviral resistance markers to ensure optimal prophylaxis and treatment.     

含对乙酰氨基酚的感冒药及柴芩清宁胶囊对脂多糖和干酵母大鼠发热模型的解热作用研究

目的 研究含对乙酰氨基酚的西药对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及中成药柴芩清宁胶囊对脂多糖（LPS）及干酵母大鼠发热模型的解热作用。方法 制备大鼠100 μg/kg LPS及20%干酵母发热模型;乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片高、中、低剂量分别为205.67、102.83、51.42 mg/kg,以对乙酰氨基酚计;柴芩清宁胶囊高、中、低剂量分别为1110.60、555.30、277.65 mg/kg,以胶囊内容物质量表示,ig给药。观察大鼠体温变化,计算平均最大体温上升高度（△T）及体温反应指数（TRI）,绘制平均升温曲线。结果 对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及柴芩清宁胶囊各剂量组对LPS及干酵母大鼠发热模型均具有显著解热作用,且均存在一定剂量效应关系。结论 对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及柴芩清宁胶囊对LPS及干酵母大鼠发热模型均有一定解热作用,3种西药的解热作用起效快但是作用时间短,而柴芩清宁胶囊表现为起效慢但是作用时间长。