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1.
ObjectivesSeveral implementation strategies can reduce potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing. Although use of PIMs has declined in recent years, it remains prevalent. Various strategies exist to improve the appropriateness of medication use. However, little is known about the processes of these different implementation strategies. This scoping review aims to investigate how the process evaluation of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in the older population has been studied.MethodsWe searched for process evaluations of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science published between January 2000 and November 2019 in English. We applied the following inclusion criteria: patients aged ≥65 years, validated PIM criteria, and implementation process evaluated. The review focuses on decision support for health care professionals. We described the findings of the process evaluations, and compared the authors’ concepts of process evaluation of the included publications to those of Proctor et al.( 2010).ResultOf 9131 publications screened, 29 met our inclusion criteria. Different process evaluation conceptualizations were identified. Most process evaluations took place in the initial stages of the process (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility) and sustainability and implementation costs were seldom evaluated. None of the included publications evaluated fidelity.Multifaceted interventions were the most studied implementation strategies. Medication review was more common in acceptability evaluations, multidisciplinary interventions in adoption evaluations, and computerized systems and educational interventions in feasibility evaluations. Process evaluations were studied from the health care professionals’ viewpoint in most of the included publications, but the management viewpoint was missing.DiscussionThe conceptualization of process evaluation in the field of PIM prescribing is indeterminate. There is also a current gap in the knowledge of sustainability and implementation costs. Clarifying the conceptualization of implementation process evaluation is essential in order to effectively translate research knowledge into practice.  相似文献   
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《Vaccine》2022,40(23):3236-3243
BackgroundInfections can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, vaccinations are of immense importance. If vaccination willingness is to be increased, possible influencing factors should be identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of active immunisation in MS patients in association with sociodemographic, clinical-neurological, psychopathological and personality variables using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.MethodFour hundred and four MS patients from two German neurological hospitals were examined for their vaccination attitudes, in detail, the general willingness to vaccinate and the current vaccination status of mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) as well as tetanus and influenza. We also looked at the current level of disability in relation to the current vaccination status, as well as possible associated personality and psychopathological variables.ResultsPatients with a complete MMR vaccination status were significantly younger and those with a complete influenza vaccination status were significantly older than those with related incomplete vaccination status. Tetanus vaccination status completeness did not differ depending on age and did not show substantial association with personality scores. However, influenza vaccination completeness was associated with differences in personality and psychopathological variables; extraversion, openness, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and anxiety. A reported general vaccination willingness was significantly correlated with the current completeness of tetanus and influenza vaccinations. Novelty seeking, persistence, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism were found associated with an increased vaccination willingness. Anxiety and depression were not related to general vaccination willingness.ConclusionsNo specific personality trait could be defined on its own in relation to general vaccination willingness or complete vaccination status. Younger patients should be made more aware of influenza vaccination. Reasons for rather low vaccination rates need to be further investigated.  相似文献   
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目的了解河南省部分地区育龄妇女三胎生育意愿,并探讨与三胎生育意愿相关的影响因素。方法采用立意抽样法,选取2019年6—12月在河南省三家妇幼保健院(许昌、鹤壁、濮阳)分娩的577例生育二胎育龄妇女进行问卷调查,因三胎生育意愿中不确定者所占比例较少,故本研究不计入统计分析,最后共547例纳入统计分析。妇女年龄为19~46岁,其中本地户籍532例,外地户籍45例;采用描述性方法,分析目标育龄妇女年龄、家庭月收入和现有孩子等基本特征;采用χ2检验进行不同基本特征育龄妇女三胎生育意愿比较;采用二元Logistic回归模型分析三胎生育意愿的影响因素。结果在被调查的育龄妇女中,具有三胎生育意愿的比例为49.6%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,外地户籍育龄妇女三胎生育意愿高于本地户籍妇女(OR=2.74,95%CI:1.36~5.51);中高收入育龄妇女三胎生育意愿高于低收入育龄妇女(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.20~2.41);与现有子女一男一女家庭(324例)相比,两男孩家庭(116例)三胎生育意愿是一男一女的2.22倍(95%CI:1.42~3.46),两女孩家庭(107例)的三胎生育意愿是一男一女家庭的1.80倍(95%CI:1.14~2.82)。结论河南省部分地区被调查育龄妇女的三胎生育意愿较强,户籍、家庭人均月收入和现有子女性别是育龄妇女三胎生育意愿的影响因素,建议政府制定相关辅助措施,实现育龄妇女的三胎生育意愿。  相似文献   
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目的:探讨在残疾预防计划对广东地区工伤肢残者出院后结局的影响。方法:选取2018年2~7月在我院进行工伤康复的肢残患者160例,按照入院先后顺序分为观察组和对照组各80例,对照组采取传统医疗康复措施,观察组采取传统医疗康复措施+残疾预防计划措施,观察两组干预前后就业意愿评估,在出院后进行为其三个月的随访,以出院时的就业意愿、出院后三个月内成功复工率、复工后的工作满意度作为职业康复疗效测量指标研究残疾预防计划对肢残者出院结局的影响。结果:两组样本具有可比性,两组样本在干预后的就业意愿发生变化,组间差异不显著(P>0.05);观察组在三个月内成功复工率(89.6%)高于对照组(71.8%),两组差异显著(P<0.05);两组复工人员的工作满意度无显著差异(P>0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,复工人群的工作满意度受工种及公司性质的影响。结论:残疾预防计划有助于提高肢残者出院后的复工率,但对其就业意愿及工作满意度效果不明显;工种、公司性质是肢残者复工后工作满意度的主要影响因素,可以从工种、公司性质两方面设计干预措施以提高肢残者工作满意度。  相似文献   
7.
目的 了解重庆市城口县医务人员对远程医疗的使用意愿及影响因素,为贫困地区远程医疗服务工作的开展及远程医疗协作网络建设提供决策参考。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样,在已开展远程医疗服务的重庆市城口县医疗机构中抽取153名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果 该县有75.8%的医生认为了解远程医疗,使用意愿为71.2%,使用率为47.1%。单因素分析结果显示不同年龄、文化程度、职称、是否使用过远程医疗、对远程医疗了解情况、使用远程医疗方便程度、远程医疗对诊疗工作帮助程度、远程医疗对临床技能提升程度、降低患者医疗费用程度的使用意愿不同,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示年龄、文化程度、使用远程医疗服务方便程度、远程医疗对诊疗工作帮助程度、降低患者医疗费用程度是医生远程医疗使用意愿的影响因素。结论 重庆市城口县医生远程医疗使用意愿有待提高,应加强远程医疗服务机制体制建设,提高医生远程医疗使用意愿。  相似文献   
8.
目的:探讨康复介入前的病程长短对四肢骨折工伤患者心理状态及就业意愿的影响。方法:将200例于本院行康复治疗的四肢骨折工伤患者,按照伤后康复介入前的病程长短分为A组和B组,A组为伤后2个月内即开始接受康复治疗,B组为受伤2个月后开始接受康复治疗。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)24项版本和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对患者心理状况进行评定,用改良林氏就业准备量表(LASER)评估工伤患者回归工作的意愿。结果:A、B 2组患者分别有38.6%、75.0%的患者存在不同程度的抑郁情绪,分别有60.2%、83.9%的患者存在不同程度的焦虑情绪,B组抑郁及焦虑情绪发生率均高于A组(P<0.05)。LASER结果中处于考虑前阶段的患者占比最高,B组高于A组(P<0.05);处于考虑阶段的患者占比次之,A组高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:工伤患者人群普遍存在抑郁和焦虑情绪,并且康复介入越晚心理障碍越明显,同时身心的障碍使其逃避工作,相应地其重返工作的积极性也越差。  相似文献   
9.
The paper proposes Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale (WT) as foundation narrative for attachment‐informed psychotherapy, and a counterpart to Oedipus Rex (OR), covering similar psychological territory but in a strikingly different way. Both start with a father's rejection of a baby and its rescue and adoption by distant shepherds. Both revolve around murderousness and desire in a mother–father–child triangle, but in WT the prime mover is filicide rather than parricide. WT points to the positive aspects of the care‐giving dynamic. The main characters of WT, in contrast to OR's phallocentrism, are the rejected Queen Hermione, her handmaiden Paulina and Perdita herself. Their relationships are characterized by attachment security: this gives Paulina the courage to confront and instigate mentalizing in Leontes, the psychotic king, and for Perdita to find her sexuality through her transgressive love for Florizel. The environmental benefits of adoption are highlighted as WT's tragi‐comic dynamic moves from chaos to renewal and rebirth: Hermione survives the ‘attack on the good object’; Leontes recovers from his jealous hatred and subsequent depression; ruptures are repaired. WT depicts secure attachments as bulwarks against loss, and the key to resilience in the face of trauma.  相似文献   
10.
The developing immune system is an adaptive system, primed by antigens, responsive to infectious pathogens, and can be affected by other aspects of the early rearing environment, including deviations from the normal provision of parental care. We investigated whether early rearing in an institutional setting, even when followed by years living in supportive and well-resourced families, would be associated with a persistent shift in T cell profiles. Immunophenotyping was used to enumerate CD4+ CD57+ and CD8+ CD57+ subsets, with gating strategies employed to differentiate naïve, central-memory, effector-memory, and terminally differentiated EM cells expressing CD45RA (TEMRA). Blood samples were collected from 96 adolescents, and PBMC isolated via Ficol gradient, followed by an optimized immunophenotypic characterization. CMV antibody titers were determined via ELISA. Adopted adolescents had lower CD4/CD8 ratios than did the control adolescents. Early rearing had a significant effect on the T cells, especially the CD8+ CD57+ CM, EM, and TEMRA cells and the CD4+ CD57+ EM cells. Adolescents who had spent their infancy in institutions before adoption were more likely to be seropositive for CMV, with higher antibody titers. CMV antibody titers were significantly correlated with the percentages of all CD8+ CD57+ cell subsets. In the statistical modeling, CMV antibody titer also completely mediated the relationship between institutional exposure and the ratio of CD4-to-CD8 cells, as well as the percentages of CD4+ CD57+ and CD8+ CD57+ subsets. These findings demonstrate that persistent immune differences are still evident even years after adoption by supportive American families. The shift in the T cells was associated with being a latent carrier of CMV and may reflect the role of specific T cell subsets in Herpes virus containment. In older adults, sustained CMV antigen persistence and immunoregulatory containment ultimately contributes to an accumulation of differentiated T cells with a decreased proliferative capacity and to immune senescence.  相似文献   
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