This study aimed to understand the perceived effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, recreation walking, and use of recreational facilities; and if the COVID-19 pandemic amplified disparities in physical activity, recreational walking, and use of recreational facilities related to the levels of neighborhood disadvantage. Recreational walking and the use of neighborhood streets and green spaces significantly decreased in high deprivation areas but not in low deprivation areas during the pandemic. While COVID-19 has negatively affected overall recreational activities, the inequitable impact on recreational walking and use of outdoor recreational facilities has been more evident in disadvantaged neighborhoods with greater deprivation. 相似文献
Seven indole alkaloid glycosides containing a 1′-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl unit (1–7) were isolated from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica leaves (da qing ye). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis combined with enzymatic hydrolysis as well as comparison of their experimental CD (circular dichroism) and calculated ECD (electrostatic circular dichroism) spectra. Based on analysis of and/or Cotton effect (CE) data of 1–7, two simple roles to assign location and/or configuration of β-glycopyranosyloxy and 1′-(phenyl)ethyl units in the indole alkaloid glycosides are proposed. Stereoselectivity in plausible biosynthetic pathways of 1–7 is discussed. Compounds 3 and 4 and their mixture in a 3:2 ratio showed activity against KCNQ2 in CHO cells. The mixture of 5 and 6 (3:2) exhibited antiviral activity against influenza virus H1N1 PR8 with IC50 64.7 μmol/L (ribavirin, IC50 54.3 μmol/L), however, the individual 5 or 6 was inactive. Preliminary structure–activity relationships were observed. 相似文献
ObjectiveValidation of linking coefficients to transform Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Activity Measure (PEDI-SCI/AM) scores to adult Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index (SCI-FI) scores.DesignThis cross-sectional study administered PEDI-SCI/AM and SCI-FI computerized adaptive tests (CATs) and short forms (SFs) to children with SCI and parents or caregivers.SettingHospitals, university, and rehabilitation institute.ParticipantsAbout 107 children with SCI and 96 parent or caregivers.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresLinking coefficients estimated SCI-FI (est-SCI-FI) scores from PEDI-SCI/AM scores for matched domains. Correlations between est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were calculated. If correlations exceeded the criterion linking (0.866), the following analyses to compare est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were conducted: paired t tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs 3, 1), percent of cases with absolute score differences at different thresholds.ResultsTwo matched domains, PEDI-SCI/AM Daily Routine/SCI-FI Self-Care and PEDI-SCI/AM General Mobility/SCI-FI Basic Mobility, met the linking criterion for both respondent-types (parent and child) and administration modes (CAT and SF). PEDI-SCI/AM Daily Routine and SCI-FI Fine Motor Function did not meet linking criterion for respondent type or mode. The linking criterion was met for wheelchair domains (child SF and CAT) and ambulation domains (child SF only). Significant differences between est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were noted for all matched domains except Daily Routine/Self-Care (child SF only; parent SF and CAT). ICC values showed excellent agreement (range=0.75-0.89). Absolute differences between est-SCI-FI and actual SCI-FI scores were less than 1 standard deviation (except wheelchair CAT child).ConclusionsLinking coefficients applied to PEDI-SCI/AM scores can provide valid SCI-FI estimates that vary by domain, mode, and respondent type. 相似文献
PurposeMachine-learning (ML) approaches have been repeatedly coupled with raw accelerometry to classify physical activity classes, but the features required to optimize their predictive performance are still unknown. Our aim was to identify appropriate combination of feature subsets and prediction algorithms for activity class prediction from hip-based raw acceleration data.MethodsThe hip-based raw acceleration data collected from 27 participants was split into training (70 %) and validation (30 %) subsets. A total of 206 time- (TD) and frequencydomain (FD) features were extracted from 6-second non-overlapping windows of the signal. Feature selection was done using seven filter-based, two wrapper-based, and one embedded algorithm, and classification was performed with artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF). For every combination between the feature selection method and the classifiers, the most appropriate feature subsets were found and used for model training within the training set. These models were then validated with the left-out validation set.ResultsThe appropriate number of features for the ANN, SVM, and RF ranged from 20 to 45. Overall, the accuracy of all the three classifiers was higher when trained with feature subsets generated using filter-based methods compared with when they were trained with wrapper-based methods (range: 78.1 %–88 % vs. 66 %–83.5 %). TD features that reflect how signals vary around the mean, how they differ with one another, and how much and how often they change were more frequently selected via the feature selection methods.ConclusionsA subset of TD features from raw accelerometry could be sufficient for ML-based activity classification if properly selected from different axes. 相似文献
ABSTRACTThe advancement of DNA technology comes with the increased sensitivity of amplification systems, where DNA traces are routinely detected without a known biological source. These systems also have increased discriminating capacity, providing larger likelihood ratios (LRs) when a corresponding DNA profile is observed. Questions in court are shifting from identity to transfer mechanism, where the presence of an individual’s DNA is conceded by both parties, but the activities that led to its deposition is in dispute. One way of handling propositions developed at the activity level is with the use of graphical structures known as Bayesian Networks (BNs). The following is an evaluation of a case, given activity level propositions, through the application of BNs. Alternative case findings will be explored for the given scenario to show the potential value of the DNA evidence for different outcomes within the broader case context. 相似文献
Activity spaces are increasingly used to understand how people interact with their environment and engage in activity but their use may raise challenges regarding causal inference. We conducted a systematic review of findings and the methodological, analytical and conceptual issues relevant to causal inference. Studies were included if they comprised a spatial summary of locations visited, assessed any part of the causal pathway between the environment, physical activity and health, and used quantitative or qualitative methods. We searched seven electronic databases in January 2018 and screened 11910 articles for eligibility. Forty-seven studies were included for review. Studies answered research questions about features of or environmental features within activity spaces using a range of spatial and temporal summary techniques. The conceptual challenge of using activity spaces to strengthen causal inference was rarely considered, although some studies discussed circularity, temporality, and plausibility. Future studies should use longitudinal and experimental designs and consider the potential and actual use of spaces for physical activity, and their relationship with total levels of activity. 相似文献
Background: The research conducted in palliative care is often medically oriented. There are few studies clarifying the patient’s preferences, priorities and desires in palliative care. The occupational therapy research conducted mostly concerns occupational therapy interventions based on the profession’s experiences. Further knowledge is needed regarding what patients in palliative care want to prioritize.
Aim: The aim was to describe what patients in palliative care describe as important at the end of life.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the inclusion criteria: articles published in 2004-August 2015; written in English; participants?>18 years with life-threatening illness without possible cure; focusing on the patient’s experience.
Results: Seventeen articles were included in the review and they were based on interviews. The theme ‘Continuing occupational participation is important for people at the end of life’ was identified. This included five sub-themes: maintaining previous occupational patterns; feeling needed; being involved in the social environment; leaving a legacy; and living as long as you live.
Conclusions: The results show that continued occupational participation is important for people in palliative care. Occupational therapists can contribute to this by taking a highly person-centered approach and gaining information about what matters most for their clients. 相似文献