基于可吸收生物膜的软腭后退腭裂修复方案及其临床应用

目的:为解决常规腭裂修复术存在的问题,利用组织引导再生技术的原理,设计基于膜引导的腭裂整复方案,为需要后退软腭的腭裂修复提供新的途径或方法。方法:使用聚-DL-乳酸制成厚0.5mm、有一定强度与韧性的可吸收生物膜。先行软腭成形术,然后剖开硬腭裂隙边缘,于口腔侧骨膜瓣与腭骨水平板间形成一间隙,将膜植于其中并固定,利用膜的引导再生特性与桥梁支架作用,引导两侧软组织向中线生长而关闭裂隙。选择3-10岁需行软腭后退的腭裂患者19例,于全麻下行软腭后退成形术及硬腭裂隙植膜的临床试验,临床追踪观察6个月,了解腭裂修复的临床效果。结果:该腭裂修复方案切实可行,全部患者均按设计方案实施了腭裂修复术,方法简单,操作容易。3个月后19例患者均获临床一期愈合,6个月时临床观察软腭形态佳,腭咽闭合良好,达到腭裂硬腭软组织缺损修复、保证软腭充分后退的目的。结论:基于膜引导组织再生技术的后退软腭的腭裂修复方案,是一个创新的腭裂修复方案,手术操作简单、实用,临床效果满意,为腭裂修复提供了新的途径及方法。     

关节镜下复位可吸收空心钉内固定治疗胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折

目的探讨膝关节镜下复位可吸收空心钉内固定治疗胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折的方法及临床效果。方法自2009-04—2013-04,共诊治21例胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折,关节镜下骨折块复位后,采用1或2枚可吸收空心钉内固定。结果术后切口均一期愈合,无膝关节感染、神经血管损伤及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。术后均获随访12-18个月,平均13.4个月。术后3个月2例出现膝关节僵硬,屈伸受限,予麻醉下推拿松解后恢复至屈伸5°-110°。术后1年Lachman试验、前抽屉试验均为阴性。X线片及MR示：骨折对位愈合良好。末次随访时Lysholm评分为（91.67±0.76）分,IKDC评分为（96.13±0.87）分,均较术前显著提高,差异有统计学意义（t=53.130,P〈0.001;t=105.236,P〈0.001）。患者均恢复正常运动及生活能力。结论膝关节镜下复位可吸收空心钉内固定治疗胫骨髁间前嵴撕脱骨折具有微创、痛苦小、内固定相对牢固、操作简便、便于早期功能锻炼、术后关节功能恢复好等优点,临床效果良好。     

Experimental use of new absorbable tracheal stent

Background/purpose

Silicone and metallic stents are not effective in children with tracheobronchial stenosis or tracheomalacia. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations and histological reaction of rabbit trachea to the presence of a new poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with polyisoprene (PLGA/PI) polymer absorbable stent.

可吸收止血流体明胶预防术后脑脊液漏

目的:探索可吸收止血流体明胶预防术后脑脊液漏的有效性。方法:对2013年3月至9月有硬脊膜撕裂脑脊液漏的脊柱损伤17例患者进行回顾性分析,男16例,女1例;年龄16～67岁,平均(39.6±15.4)岁;颈椎1例,胸椎9例,胸腰段4例,腰椎3例;爆裂骨折4例,骨折脱位13例。神经损伤ASIA分级:A级12例,B级2例,D级2例,E级1例。车祸伤2例,高处坠落伤10例,重物砸伤4例,地震时从楼梯滚落1例。术中应用可吸收止血流体明胶封堵以预防术后脑脊液漏。记录术后每日的引流量。结果:17例患者有15例术后无脑脊液漏出现。2例术后出现脑脊液漏者引流管保留至术后第6～7天。术后未出现头痛、头晕、发热、颈项抵抗、皮疹、切口不愈合、切口感染、血肿、神经症状加重等并发症。随访9个月均未见到切口周围有异常现象。结论:术中应用可吸收止血流体明胶封堵硬脊膜撕裂预防术后脑脊液漏是有效的方法。     

Rapid construction of sigmoid bladder augmentation using absorbable staples: Long-term results and comparison to standard colocystoplasty in children with neurogenic bladder

ObjectiveAbsorbable staples facilitate detubularization and reconfiguration of the bowel when performing augmentation colocystoplasty. We compared the outcomes of stapled sigmoid augmentation with standard sutured colocystoplasty.Materials and methodsBetween 2003 and 2011, 108 children underwent bladder augmentation at our institution. Colocystoplasty was used in 30 patients (27.8%). Medical charts of children who underwent stapled (n = 8) or sutured (n = 22) sigmoid augmentation were compared with regard to patient demographics and surgical complications, including anastomotic leak and urolithiasis.ResultsEight children with underwent stapled sigmoid colocystoplasty. Average age at surgery was 8 years (range 4–17 years). Time to detubularize and refashion the bowel segment prior to augmentation was consistently under 5 min. Average length of follow-up was 44 months (range 12–80 months). One patient experienced anastomotic leak. Two of eight children (25%) in the stapled anastomosis cohort developed bladder stones. Twenty-two patients underwent standard sigmoid augmentation during the same time period (average age 8.2 years; range 4–16 years). One of 22 (4.5%) experienced anastomotic leak. Seven of 22 (31.8%) developed cystolithiasis.ConclusionsComplications from stapled sigmoid anastomosis are similar to those from standard colocystoplasty. Use of absorbable staples decreases operating time by avoiding bowel spatulation and suturing, and should be considered in pediatric patients undergoing colocystoplasty.     

眼眶骨折修复的人工材料的研究进展

眼眶骨折的治疗常需要植入修复材料,但修复材料的选择仍然是临床上一个争论性问题。目前有多种材料可以用于眶壁重建,但都有不同的并发症。与其他材料相比,人工材料更能缩短术中时间,并且用之不竭。其中可吸收人工材料还具有不可比拟的优势—即避免了不可吸收材料植入后终身都有发生并发症的风险。由于单个材料的优势有限,近年来相继出现的由两种或两种以上材料组成的复合材料开始频繁的应用于临床。本文旨在探讨用于眼眶骨折修复的各种人工材料的优势和局限性以及未来的发展方向。     

Vicryl® intestinal anastomosis

Reported are 305 patients undergoing 327 intestinal anastomoses with polyglactin 910 (Vicryl^®, Ethicon) suture. The technique of one-layer interrupted absorbable suture anastomosis is discussed. A leak rate of 0.6 percent is recorded and indicates this method is acceptable.     

Evaluation of Arterial Impairment after Experimental Gelatin Sponge Embolization in a Rabbit Renal Model

ObjectiveArterial stenosis is a major obstacle for subsequent interventional procedures. We hypothesized that the stenosis is caused by gelatin sponge embolization and performed an experimental study in a rabbit renal model.ResultsGelatin sponge particles were mainly observed in the segmental and interlobar arteries. Transmural inflammation of the embolized arterial wall and mild thickening of the media were observed 1 week after embolization. Resorption of the gelatin sponge and organization of thrombus accompanied by foreign body reactions, were observed from 2 to 4 weeks after embolization. Microscopic images of the 3 weeks group showed vessel lumens filled mostly with organized thrombi, resulting in severe stenosis. Additionally, vessels showed a thickened intima that contained migrating smooth muscle cells and accompanying interruption of the internal elastic lamina. The migrating smooth muscle cells were distributed around the recanalized arterial lumen.ConclusionGelatin sponge embolization may induce arterial stenosis by causing organized thrombus and intimal hyperplasia, which consists of migrating smooth muscle cells and intimal collagen deposits.     

Ventralight ST and SorbaFix Versus Physiomesh and Securestrap in a Porcine Model

Background and Objectives:

The objective of this study was to compare mesh contracture, adhesion characteristics, tissue ingrowth, and histologic response of Ventralight ST/SorbaFix (C.R. Bard/Davol, Warwick, RI, USA) with Physiomesh/Securestrap (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) in a porcine model of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.

Methods:

Standard laparoscopic technique was used to bilaterally implant meshes in 10 female Yorkshire swine. Each animal received either two Ventralight ST meshes (oval shaped, 10.2 × 15.2 cm) or two Physiomesh meshes (oval shaped 10 × 15 cm), one on either side of the midline. The meshes were fixated to the intact peritoneum with either SorbaFix (for animals receiving Ventralight ST) or Securestrap (for animals receiving Physiomesh). There were 5 animals in each group, yielding 10 of each mesh-fixation combination. Mesh contracture, adhesion characteristics, tissue ingrowth, and histologic response were evaluated after 14 days by image analysis, mechanical testing, and histologic staining (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, picrosirius red, and von Willebrand factor).

Results:

Ventralight ST/SorbaFix and Physiomesh/Securestrap exhibited a similar percentage of mesh contracture, percentage of adhesion coverage, adhesion tenacity, collagen deposition, and levels of necrosis (P > .05 in all cases). However, Ventralight ST/SorbaFix exhibited significantly less inflammation (P = .0001), fibrosis (P = .0017), hemorrhage (P = .0001), and angiogenesis (P = .0032) and significantly greater strength of tissue ingrowth (P = .0003) than Physiomesh/Securestrap after the 14-day implantation period.

Conclusions:

Ventralight ST/SorbaFix exhibited more favorable strength of tissue ingrowth and histologic response and similar mesh contracture and adhesion characteristics compared with Physiomesh/Securestrap over a short-term 14-day implantation period in a preclinical porcine model.     

120例口腔种植中分别采用可吸收胶原蛋白线与丝线编织非吸收线的效果比较

目的比较分别采用可吸收胶原蛋白线与丝线编织非吸收线在口腔种植中的应用效果。方法选择2013年5月至2014年2月期间笔者收治的牙列缺损患者共120例,按随机数字表法分为可吸收线组和非吸收线组,每组60例。可吸收线组患者种植术后采用可吸收胶原蛋白线,非吸收线组患者种植术后采用丝线编织非吸收线。结果可吸收线组中的甲级愈合率为95.00%,非吸收线组的甲级愈合率为86.67%,可吸收线组高于非吸收线组(χ2=5.186,P<0.05)。拆线后7 d,可吸收线组中7个过早吸收的位点出现较为明显的对合处凹陷,余均获得良好恢复;非吸收线组中22例患者的针眼存在较为明显的凹陷未恢复平整。两组患者均未出现明显不良反应,未查见明显肝肾功能改变。结论在条件许可的情况下采用可吸收胶原蛋白线可获得更好的愈合效果,虽然目前尚不能完全取代非吸收线,但意义在于可为种植手术缝线的选择提供更多的方向。