1470 nm激光在解剖性切除非肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的临床应用

目的探讨1470 nm激光在解剖性切除非肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月于本院泌尿外科行1470 nm激光解剖性切除浅表性膀胱肿瘤患者60例的临床资料,所有患者均通过膀胱镜检查和CT或MRI检查,术前诊断为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌。分析1470 nm激光在解剖性切除非肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的应用效果。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开放手术,并且术中无并发症,手术时间为10~30 min,平均(15.3±4.9)min,术后冲洗液无色或淡粉色,未见血块,术后1周拔除导尿管。结论1470 nm激光应用于解剖性切除浅表性膀胱肿瘤中效果显著,具有无瘤原则,利于肿瘤分期,可减少闭孔反射。     

Comparison of clinical outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and excimer laser assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty in keratoconus

AIM: To compare and evaluate the clinical outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and excimer laser assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ELLK) in eyes with keratoconus. METHODS: In this study, 57 eyes of 56 patients operated between 2013 to 2017 were included. Thirty-one eyes underwent big-bubble DALK and twenty-six eyes underwent ELLK. Preoperative and at control visits complete ophthalmic examination was performed. RESULTS: The mean patient age at the time of DALK surgery was 27y and mean follow-up period was 21±5.4mo. The mean patient age at the time of ELLK surgery was 27y and mean follow-up period was 40±18mo. Mean best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at postoperative period was significantly higher for DALK group (0.66±0.11) versus ELLK group (0.4±0.2) (P<0.05). Descemet’s membrane microperforation was occurred in 7 patients in DALK group versus in 1 patient in ELLK group. In 4 eyes, interface irregularity was developed in ELLK group. None of the patients in follow-up had graft rejection in both groups. CONCLUSION: In ELLK group, complication rate is lower, the surgical technique is simpler, faster and safer and also ELLK requires less experience with respect to DALK. Further, DALK can be performed unless satisfactory visual acuity is achieved after ELLK.     

光强对野菊生理生化特性的影响

通过分析光强对野菊生长及生理生化特性的影响,揭示适于野菊生长的光照强度,为野菊种植提供参考依据。分别在100%,80%,60%,40%,20%全自然光强水平下种植野菊,生长旺盛期测定野菊相关生长,光合色素含量、光合参数、荧光参数等光合生理及保护酶系统指标,采取透射电镜技术观察叶绿体超微结构。结果表明:野菊叶片在80%以上全自然光强下出现不同程度发黄现象,株高和茎粗在60%全自然光强达到最大值,60%以上全自然光强下野菊分枝数显著增加;光合色素含量和净光合速率均与光强负相关,光合参数与叶绿素荧光参数则随光强下降呈先上升后下降趋势,60%全自然光强下野菊气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率及PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量等生理指标均处于最高水平;60%~80%全自然光强下野菊叶绿体结构无明显异常,全自然光强下基质片层破碎,20%~40%全自然光强下叶绿体数量、淀粉粒数量与体积均明显降低;随光强下降,SOD与CAT活性呈下降趋势,POD活性呈先上升后下降趋势,MDA含量呈上升趋势。综上,野菊在20%~100%全自然光强下均能生长,但在60%全自然光强下生长最佳。     

Photoacoustic treatment mitigates cognitive dysfunction in a model of sleep-wake rhythm disturbance

Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances,which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration,are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to be effective in modulating sleep patterns and improving cognitive behavior in abnormal sleep-wake pattern experiments.In this study,we examined whether light and sound interventions could reduce sleep-wake pattern disturbances and memory deficits in a sleep rhythm disturbance model.We established a model of sleep rhythm disturbance in C57 BL/6 J mice via a sleep deprivation method involving manual cage tapping,cage jostling,and nest disturbance.We used a Mini Mitter radio transmitter device to monitor motor activity in the mice and fear conditioning tests to assess cognitive function.Our results indicated that an intervention in which the mice were exposed to blue light(40-Hz flickering frequency)for 1 hour during their subjective daytime significantly improved the 24-hour-acrophase shift and reduced the degree of memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation.However,interventions in which the mice were exposed to a 40-Hz blue light at offset time or subjective night time points,as well as 2 Hz-blue light at 3 intervention time points(subjective day time,subjective night time,and offset time points),had no positive effects on circadian rhythm shift or memory deficits.Additionally,a 2000-Hz sound intervention during subjective day time attenuated the24-hour-acrophase shift and memory decline,while 440-Hz and 4000-Hz sounds had no effect on circadian rhythms.Overall,these results demonstrate that photoacoustic treatment effectively corrected abnormal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep-deprivation-induced disturbances in sleep-wake rhythm.All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University,China(approval No.20171102)on November20,2017.     

Higher mass meningococcal group C-tetanus toxoid vaccines conjugated with carbodiimide correlate with greater immunogenicity

To examine the link between meningococcal C (MenC) vaccine size and immunogenic response, a panel of MenC glycoconjugate vaccines were prepared differing in chain length, molar mass and hydrodynamic volume. The preparations consisted of different lengths of MenC polysaccharide (PS) covalently linked to monomeric purified tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein using the coupling reagent ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and viscometry analysis confirmed that the panel of MenC-TT conjugates spanned masses of 191,500 to 2,348,000 g/mol, and hydrodynamic radii ranging from 12.1 to 47.9 nm. The two largest conjugates were elliptical in shape, whereas the two smallest conjugates were more spherical. The larger conjugates appeared to fit a model described by multiple TTs with cross-linked PS, typical of lattice-like networks described previously for TT conjugates, while the smaller conjugates were found to fit a monomeric or dimeric TT configuration. The effect of vaccine conjugate size on immune responses was determined using a two-dose murine immunization. The two larger panel vaccine conjugates produced higher anti-MenC IgG1 and IgG2b titres after the second dose. Larger vaccine conjugate size also stimulated greater T-cell proliferative responses in an in vitro recall assay, although cytokines indicative of a T-helper response were not measurable. In conclusion, larger MenC-TT conjugates up to 2,348,000 g/mol produced by EDC chemistry correlate with greater humoral and cellular murine immune responses. These observations suggest that conjugate size can be an important modulator of immune response.