Out of the boxes,out of the silos: The need of interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce poor-quality medical products in the supply chain

In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.     

Hcy、LPA及TGF-β1在创伤性骨折下肢静脉栓塞中的预测价值

目的分析同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、溶血磷脂酸(LPA)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)在创伤性骨折下肢静脉栓塞中的预测价值。方法选取2019年3月至2020年2月商丘市第一人民医院收治的104例创伤性骨折者(观察组),根据有无DVT:有DVT组33例,无DVT组71例;根据创伤严重程度:轻度组61例,重度组43例。另选取本院同期92例健康体检者设为对照组。比较不同人群、不同病情程度以及有无DVT者血浆Hcy、LPA及血清TGF-β1水平,分析Hcy、LPA及TGF-β1对DVT的预测价值。结果观察组Hcy、LPA及TGF-β1表达水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度组Hcy、LPA及TGF-β1表达水平明显高于轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有DVT组者Hcy、LPA及TGF-β1表达水平明显高于无DVT组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。依据ROC曲线分析可知,Hcy+LPA+TGF-β1三者联合预测创伤性骨折后发生DVT敏感度和特异度分别为88.90%、8130%,明显高于三者单独检测(P<0.05)。结论Hcy、LPA及TGF-β1在创伤性骨折发生下肢静脉栓塞时水平均明显升高,三者联合检测对下肢静脉栓塞早期诊断有重要的临床价值。     

Non-canonical role of Hippo tumor suppressor serine/threonine kinase 3 STK3 in prostate cancer

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Knockdown of DEAD-box 51 inhibits tumor growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most prevalent malignancies that seriously threaten people’s health worldwide.DEAD-box helicase 51(DDX51)is a member of the DEAD-box(DDX)RNA helicase family,and drives or inhibits tumor progression in multiple cancer types.AIM To determine whether DDX51 affects the biological behavior of ESCC.METHODS The expression of DDX51 in ESCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by Immunohistochemistry(IHC)analyses and quantitative PCR(qPCR).We knocked down DDX51 in ESCC cell lines by using a small interfering RNA(siRNA)transfection.The proliferation,apoptosis,and mobility of DDX51 siRNAtransfected cells were detected.The effect of DDX51 on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT pathway was investigated by western blot analysis.A mouse xenograft model was established to investigate the effects of DDX51 knockdown on ESCC tumor growth.RESULTS DDX51 exhibited high expression in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues and represented a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.Knockdown of DDX51 induced inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.Moreover,DDX51 siRNA-expressing cells also exhibited lower migration and invasion rates.Investigations into the underlying mechanisms suggested that DDX51 knock down induced inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway,including decreased phosphorylation levels of phosphate and tensin homolog,PI3K,AKT,and mammalian target of rapamycin.Rescue experiments demonstrated that the AKT activator insulin-like growth factor 1 could reverse the inhibitory effects of DDX51 on ESCC malignant development.Finally,we injected DDX51 siRNA-transfected TE-1 cells into an animal model,which resulted in slower tumor growth.CONCLUSION Our study suggests for the first time that DDX51 promotes cancer cell proliferation by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway;thus,DDX51 might be a therapeutic target for ESCC.     

Artificial intelligence and clinical data suggest the T cell-mediated SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein intranasal vaccines for global COVID-19 immunity

Advanced computational methodologies suggested SARS-CoV-2, nonstructural proteins ORF1AB, ORF3a, as the source of immunodominant peptides for T cell presentation. T cell immunity is long-lasting and compatible with COVID-19 pathology. Based on the supporting clinical data, nonstructural SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccines could provide global immunity against COVID-19.     

上调miR-145表达抑制卵巢癌HO8910细胞侵袭、迁移及促进TβR-Ⅱ蛋白表达北大核心

目的:探究微小RNA-145(microRNA-145,miR-145)对卵巢癌(ovarian cancer, OC)HO8910细胞侵袭、迁移及TβR-Ⅱ蛋白水平的影响。方法:将某大学研究实验室细胞库提供的OC细胞HO8910分为ZW组(无转染HO8910细胞)、ZN组(转染miR-145-NC)、YJ组(转染miR-145 mimics)。采用qRT-PCR、MTT、Hoechst33258荧光染色、Transwell小室、细胞划痕、Western blot检测miR-145、转化生长因子βⅡ型受体(transforming growth factorβtypeⅡreceptor, TβR-Ⅱ)表达、细胞活力、凋亡、侵袭、迁移能力以及TβR-Ⅱ蛋白量。结果:YJ组HO8910细胞中miR-145的表达量最高,提示转染成功。YJ组TβR-Ⅱ表达量较其他两组对比明显提高(P<0.05),ZW组、ZN组miR-145、TβR-ⅡmRNA表达水平无明显差异(P>0.05);培养48、72、96 h, YJ组细胞活力较ZW组、ZN组比较明显减弱(P<0.05),随着时间的延续,培养96 h三组细胞活力均优于48、72 h(P<0.05);YJ组与ZW组、ZN组对比细胞凋亡率明显提高(P<0.05);ZW组HO8910细胞荧光强度最弱,细胞凋亡率最低,ZW组与ZN组对比无明显差异(P>0.05);三组细胞侵袭、迁移数量相比差异较大(P<0.05),其中YJ组侵袭、迁移数量少于其他两组(均P<0.05),ZN组与ZW组的细胞侵袭、迁移数量无明显差异(P> 0.05);YJ组TβR-Ⅱ蛋白表达量与ZU组、ZN组对比明显升高(P<0.05),YJ组转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factorβ,TGF-β)蛋白表达量与其他两组对比均降低(P<0.05),ZW组TGF-β、TβR-Ⅱ蛋白表达量与ZN组对比差异较小(P> 0.05)。结论:通过上调miR-145对抑制OC细胞迁移、侵袭等生物活性发挥积极作用,分析原因可能与靶向调控TβR-Ⅱ蛋白相关。     

Comparison of Foaming Properties Between the Shirasu Porous Glass Membrane Device and Tessari’s Three-way Stopcock Technique for Polidocanol and Ethanolamine Oleate Foam Production: A Benchtop Study

PurposeTo compare the characteristics of polidocanol (POL) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) sclerosing foams produced by a Shirasu porous glass membrane (SPGM) device with those made using a 3-way stopcock (3WSC).Materials and MethodsFoam half-life times were measured in an ex-vivo benchtop study. Computed tomography (CT) images of each foam were obtained over the time course, and a CT texture analysis was conducted. The bubble size in each foam was measured by an optical microscope.ResultsMedian foam half-life times were longer in the SPGM group than in the 3WSC group (POL: 198 vs 166 s, P = .02; EO: 640 vs 391 s, P < .01). In the CT texture analysis, median standard deviation (SD) and entropy (randomness) were lower, and median energy (uniformity) and gray-level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) homogeneity were higher in the SPGM group than in the 3WSC group (POL SD: at 30 s and 50–300 s; POL entropy: at 0–60 s; EO SD: at 0–600 s; EO entropy: at 0–460 s; POL energy: at 0–40 s; POL GLCM homogeneity: at 0–250 s; EO energy: at 0–360 s; EO GLCM homogeneity: at 0–480 s; all P < .05). Median bubble diameters in the SPGM group and in the 3WSC group were 69 and 83 μm (P < .01), respectively, in the POL foam; and 36 and 36 μm (P = .45), respectively, in the EO foam.ConclusionsPOL and EO foams had greater uniformity and longer foam half-life time when prepared with an SPGM device than with a 3WSC.