毛霉目病原真菌的实验室鉴定及体外抗真菌药物敏感 性分析

摘要:目的以分子测序为参考 ,评估形态学、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对毛霉目真菌的鉴定能力,分析毛霉目真菌对两性霉素B、泊沙康唑的体外药敏特点。方法收集 2018年1月-2022年2月广东省人民医院25例毛霉病住院患者标 本,进行镜检并对培养的茵落行形态学鉴定、质谱鉴定、分子测序和体外药敏试验。结果KOH 湿片法阳性率(76%)高于革兰染色法(32%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);形态学鉴定可将68%的菌株鉴定到属水平,3株鉴定错误,2株无法鉴定;将所 有菌株进行质谱鉴定,单用IVD和RUO数据库鉴定率分别为56%和44%,两库联合可将鉴定率提高为64%。毛霉目真菌对两性霉素B的抑制50%菌株生长的最小抑菌浓度(MIC3o)为1μg/mL,根霉属相比其他属对两性霉素B表现出较高的MIC 值,其中2株MIC>32 μg/mL,另2株MIC为8 μg/mL;根霉属对泊沙康唑的MICso为0.5 μg/mL,横梗霉属MICgo为4 μg/ mL,小克银汉霉属MICg0为2 μg/mL,有部分菌株表现出较低MIC值,同样亦有部分菌株对泊沙康唑表现出较高的MIC 值。结论 将传统镜检、培养与质谱技术和分子技术相结合,尽量将毛霉目真菌准确鉴定到种,并积极开展毛霉体外药敏试验,可为临床治疗提供参考依据。     

基于代谢组学分析的18-三体妊娠羊水差异代谢物

摘要:目的通过 非靶向代谢组学方法分析18-三体( trisomy 18,T18) 妊娠母体羊水样本,探索其差异代谢物。方法采用病 例-对照研究,以8例18-三体妊娠母体羊水样本为病例组,40例正常胎儿母体羊水样本为对照组,采用气相色谱飞行时间质 谱技术( GC-T0F/MS)检测两组羊水样本。采用主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPIS-DA)模型分析代谢谱 差异,通过单维统计分析寻找差异代谢物。结果PCA 和OPLS-DA模型分析均显示病例组与对照组之间无明显分离趋势。 通过单维分析在两组间共发现5种差异代谢物,分别为甘油醛、葡萄糖酸、硫酸吲哚酚.磷酸盐和泛酸(P<0.05)。结论羊水 代谢组学证实18-三体妊娠存在多种代谢物水平的差异,为疾病的发生机制的探索提供了更多研究思路。     

Determinants of Tobacco Use among Children of a Rural Village in India: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Background: Tobacco is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. It is both a major social and health problem. According to National Sample Survey Organization of Government of India about 20 million children of ages 10-14 are estimated to be tobacco-addicted. There are grave consequences of tobacco both socially and also on health thus it is of utmost importance to understand the factors leading to its use and to plan strategies to reduce its intake. However, the health implications of this social issue in a rural context have not been explored. Aims and Objective: this study makes an attempt to explore the health and social implications of tobacco usage by the children below the age of 14 years in hamlet. Materials and Methods:  The present study employed a qualitative study design. Data was collected using focus group discussion and in-depth interview of key informants. Thematic analysis for exploring the explicit and implicit meanings within the data was done. The themes which emerged were knowledge about tobacco and the various products available, children and parents’ tobacco use and habits, the health and social implication of tobacco use, reasons for tobacco use by the children. Results: It was found tobacco use by the children was very common in the community. Parent, peer pressure, sibling pressure were found to be playing important role in the initiation of tobacco habit by the child. Further illiteracy and lack of awareness was also lead to tobacco use among children. Conclusion: The study identifies education and awareness of parents about the ill-effects of tobacco play an important role as parents act as role model for their children, thus equal stress should be laid in improving the parental habits. Even raising the prices of tobacco products can help in controlling this habit.     

Efficacy of Implementing Home Care Using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Reducing Stress of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer

Background: Gastrointestinal cancer is the third most common types of cancer in the world which leads to alot of stress among sufferers. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are used to treat stress inducedby serious diseases. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) technique is considered as one ofnon-pharmacological method for decreasing patient’s stress. Objective: This study was conducted to determine theeffect of home care using EMDR technique on the stress of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Materials andMethods: The current semi-experimental study was performed on patients with gastrointestinal cancer residing inIlam, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=30) and control (n=30). Homecare was provided for intervention group in patients’ homes which included 2 sessions (a total of 60 sessions for allpatients). Each session lasted for 45 to 60 minutes according to EMDR protocol. The data were analyzed using SPSS(version 16). Results: The findings of this study showed that most of patients were male (36, 60%), had diplomadegrees (44, 73.3%), had a monthly income less than 500 thousand (38, 63.3%), were married (39, 65 %). The meanage of the patients was 69.18 ± 11.58 years. No statistically significant difference was observed between two groupsbefore the intervention in terms of patients’ perceived stress (P>0.05). However, efficacy and perceived distress of theintervention group significantly was decreased following the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusions: According to thefindings regarding the impact of home care using EMDR technique on reducing stress in patients with gastrointestinalcancer, the implementation of this intervention and provision of education for patients are recommended to expand thenursing duty to community health wards as well as to improve the health status of patients.     

2014—2019年四川省通江县居民主要慢性病死亡及早死概率分析

摘 要 目的 分析2014—2019年四川省通江县死因监测数据，了解居民主要慢性病死亡及早死概率等数据，为地区卫生健康工作提供依据。方法 利用2014—2019年通江县死因监测数据，按照国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)对数据进行分类，采用死亡率、早死概率等指标进行分析。结果 2014—2019年通江县居民慢性病死亡占总死亡的比例为89.99%，其中30~69岁死亡的占慢性病死亡总数的32.69%，总人群、男性和女性慢性病粗死亡率呈上升趋势，年度变化百分比分别为5.04%、4.98%和5.12%，男性慢性病粗死亡率高于女性(x2=123.02，P＜0.01)；主要慢性病死亡占总死亡的82.86%，其中恶性肿瘤粗死亡率呈下降趋势(APC=-3.65%，P＜0.05)，心脑血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病的粗死亡率呈上升趋势(APC=6.39%、9.90%和33.73%，P＜0.05)；主要慢性病早死概率在13.32%~20.51%之间波动，心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病的早死概率分别为7.69%、5.71%、2.28%和0.33%，随着时间变化趋势差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 主要慢性病已成为通江县居民慢性病死亡的主要原因，应采取健全慢性病防控体系、加强慢性病筛查与早诊早治及践行健康生活方式等综合干预措施，降低主要慢性病的影响。     

基于EHR对骨质疏松分级诊疗管理模式的探索与实践

目的探讨EHR对骨质疏松分级诊疗管理模式的临床效果。方法以上海市某社区慢性病管理团队为例,依托瑞金-卢湾医联体"全-专门诊"进行分级诊疗,介绍该区域医联体内专科与全科医生团队如何开展区域医联体特色的家庭医生"1+1+1"签约服务,建立个人EHR,通过调阅区、市两级EHR查阅患者区域内就诊信息,对签约骨质疏松患者进行管理,分析管理效果。结果研究对象疼痛症状、身体机能、社会适应能力和精神心理功能较一年前得分均有下降(P0.05);骨代谢指标β-CTX、PICP、PTH和BGP明显下降(P0.05),维生素D升高(P0.001);L1～3、股骨颈、wards三角、大粗隆和total髋的骨密度有提高(P0.05)。结论 EHR对骨质疏松分级诊疗、实施区域医联体特色的签约服务和建立个人EHR等方案可改善骨质疏松患者生活质量,值得推广。     

贵州省大健康产业竞争力发展SWOT分析研究*

摘 要 发展大健康产业，是贵州省委省政府立足贵州资源禀赋，深刻分析国内外经济和产业发展趋势，做出的重大战略决策。当前，贵州省大健康产业发展尚在起步阶段，理论体系构建不完善，仍然存在着许多不足之处，快速提升贵州省大健康产业发展的核心竞争力，已迫在眉睫。本文通过对贵州省大健康产业发展的竞争力进行评价，确定其竞争战略选择，构建完善贵州省大健康产业发展体系，进一步加强对大健康产业各子行业间的相互支撑。