线粒体通透性转换孔在锌缺乏模型大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 观察锌缺乏是否通过线粒体通透性转换孔(mPTP)对心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤发挥作用。方法 通过饲喂锌缺乏饲料建立锌缺乏模型大鼠,将离体大鼠心脏全心缺血30 min,然后再灌注120 min,造成心肌I/R损伤模型。左心室插管检测心功能;分光光度法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;氯化三苯四氯唑(TTC)染色法检测心肌梗死面积;钙诱发线粒体肿胀法检测mPTP的开放程度。结果 锌缺乏大鼠心肌梗死面积以及LDH释放增加(P<0.05),同时伴随左心室收缩功能降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,锌缺乏大鼠缺血前心脏线粒体的mPTP开放程度降低(P<0.05),但在缺血30 min后mPTP开放显著增加(P<0.05)。对照组和锌缺乏大鼠的心脏I/R损伤可通过抑制mPTP开放而明显减轻(P<0.01)。结论 锌缺乏可通过增加心肌线粒体mPTP开放加重大鼠心肌I/R损伤。     

补中益气汤对于肝再生线粒体能量代谢的研究概况＊

肝再生的机制非常复杂，线粒体功能障碍所引起的能量供给不足是影响因素之一，但其机理亟待研究。严重肝损害时肝细胞ATP供应减少、线粒体能量代谢异常，导致肝再生受到抑制。补中益气汤为李东垣所创，其具补中益气、升阳举陷之功，有实验证实补中益气汤具有保护线粒体功能、增加线粒体能量代谢的作用，从而促进肝再生。本文综述补中益气汤总方与其中各类中药对线粒体能量代谢的保护作用，从而为促进肝再生提供新的治疗手段并对改善病人预后有重要意义。     

Simultaneous Determination of Six Compounds in Rat Plasma by Ultra‑Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application in the Pharmacokinetic Study of Qing Gan‑Shu Yu‑Fang

A rapid and high selective ultra?performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of six compounds including albiflorin, paeoniflorin, picroside I, picroside II, saikosaponin A, and saikosaponin D in rat plasma was developed and validated using butyl p-hydroxybenzoate as an internal standard. One-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used to extract the compounds from the rat plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, using gradient mode containing 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile were used as the Mobile phase A and B. Electrospray ionization in negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantify active components. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9908) over a wide concentration range for all compounds. The intra- and interday precision (relative standard deviation) ranged 2.4%–7.0% and 2.6%–8.0%, respectively. The accuracy (relative error) was from ?13.0% to 13.2% at all quality control levels. The recovery ranged from 81.1% to 92.5%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of Qing Gan?Shu Yu?Fang. The results show that one can draw a conclusion that these six active ingredients can be quickly absorbed and play a pharmacodynamic role rapidly in vivo.     

Advantages of Anti-Inflammatory Acupuncture in Treating Sepsis of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Background: Sepsisis one of the mostserious complications and a leading cause of death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In general, it isthe result of an unregulated inflammatory cascade such as a postinfection “cytokine storm.” The conventional treatment mainly relies on glucocorticoids, of which curative effects are not ideal, as they come with significant side effects. It is critical to seek or develop other effective therapeutics in dealing cytokine storm to fight COVID-19 with sepsis. Aims and Objectives: Raise awareness of the significance applying anti-inflammatory acupuncture in dealing COVID-19 patients with sepsis and provide an appropriate acupuncture protocol that can be easily integrated into existing medical guideline. Materials and Methods: Current evidences from animal experiments and clinical trials about acupuncture in treating infectious sepsis are reviewed, and a detailed discussion on advantages of anti?inflammatory acupuncture is followed, then the rationality on the point selection and stimulation parameters of acupuncture is analyzed to propose an appropriate acupuncture protocol. Results: Current experiments have shown that acupuncture can play a significant role to improve inflammation reaction and reduce mortality in infectious animal and patients with sepsis and its mechanisms are mainly achieved by stimulating the vagus?cholinergic anti?inflammatory pathways.Applying acupuncture in treating COVID-19 patients with sepsis hasfour aspects of advantages. Moreover, a simple and convenient clinical acupuncture protocol including point selection and appropriate stimulation parameters is proposed. Conclusion: Acupuncture, especially electroacupuncture, has shown potentials in effectively treating infectious sepsis of animal models and critically ill patients in small sample studies by stimulating the nervous system, but has been largely overlooked in the clinic so far. It is advised that acupuncture should be integrated into the existing medical guidelines in dealing with COVID-19 complicated with sepsis.     

铁死亡信号介导抗肿瘤作用的细胞器调控机制研究进展

铁死亡是一种非凋亡性调节性细胞死亡（RCD），表现为多细胞器调节信号的变化。目前，已明确部分铁死亡上游执行机制，即不稳定铁池的产生和/或谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）的抑制或失活，和下游的脂质过氧化物产生和积累的触发机制；同时铁死亡相关信号分子可发生蛋白质翻译后修饰参与信号网络功能调控。功能上，铁死亡既参与外源物诱导的致癌作用，也可介导外源物对肿瘤细胞的选择性杀伤作用。本综述拟阐述铁死亡的相关信号通路，阐明不同细胞器参与铁死亡调控的分子机制，探讨外源化学物靶向铁死亡信号分子介导的抗肿瘤作用，为铁死亡依赖性致癌作用防制策略提供新的理论依据。     

以蒙医学理论试论氧自由基与线粒体

蒙医基础理论中十分注重消化功能,认为一切内科疾病皆因“消化不良”引起,认为人体是以三根七素相互依赖的协调关系为基础进行生命活动的整体,体内胃火(主要为消化希拉)正常,充足时,可促使饮食消化及清浊生华,滋养三根七素,保持人体正常生命活动。现代生物学研究发现,与生命活动相关的氧自由基是食物消化过程中的中间产物,导致诸多慢性疾病。氧自由基产生的主要场所为线粒体。近几年来氧自由基与线粒体的研究引起了人们的广泛关注,已成为诸多医学研究者的主要研究对象,成为医学界研究热点。氧自由基与线粒体的性质、功能及与疾病关系与蒙医基础理论中的消化不良、胃火功能十分相似。本文试从蒙医学基础理论角度对氧自由基与线粒体进行分析。     

重楼皂苷D对人胰腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

重楼皂苷D(polyphyllin D)是重楼中的一种甾体皂苷单体,具有抗菌、镇痛、镇静、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用,但在胰腺癌中少有报道。该研究通过检测凋亡相关指标,探讨polyphyllin D对人胰腺癌Panc-1细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及相关作用机制。采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度的(0,1,2,3,4,5μg·μL-1)polyphyllin D分别处理胰腺癌Panc-1细胞24,48,72 h后,观察对细胞增殖的影响。采用流式细胞术对细胞周期、细胞线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane protential,MMP)进行检测,Annexin-V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot法检测细胞色素C (cytochrome C,Cyto C),Bax,Bcl-2,cleaved caspase-3,cleaved caspase-9的蛋白表达情况。结果表明,与对照组相比,polyphyllin D能够时间和浓度依赖性地抑制Panc-1细胞的增殖活性。流式细胞术检测显示polyphyllin D能浓度依赖性使细胞阻滞于S期和G2/M期,MMP明显降低,细胞凋亡率随polyphyllin D作用浓度增加而增加。Western blot结果显示,polyphyllin D能浓度依赖性地上调Bax,Cyto C,cleaved caspase-3和cleaved caspase-9的蛋白表达水平,下调Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平。以上研究结果提示,polyphyllin D能抑制胰腺癌Panc-1细胞的增殖,其机制可能与阻滞细胞的生长周期以及通过线粒体途径诱导细胞的凋亡相关。     

以脾胃为中心的葛根相关配伍对糖尿病心肌病大鼠受损心肌线粒体的改善作用

目的:观察葛根及其配伍对糖尿病心肌病(DCM)大鼠心肌线粒体质量变化的影响,探寻治疗糖尿病心肌病的最优配伍及机制。方法:采用链脲佐菌素腹腔注射进行模型大鼠制备,并将60只成模大鼠随机分为模型组6.5 g/(kg·d)、达美康组16.7 mg/(kg·d)、葛根组1.04 g/(kg·d)、葛芪组2.6 g/(kg·d)、葛参组2.6 g/(kg·d)、葛蒌组4.48g/(kg·d)及葛芪参蒌组7.6 g/(kg·d)各8只,同时选取空白大鼠8只,为对照组6.5 g/(kg·d)。各组依据上述剂量,以相应药物持续灌胃9周后,对比各组心肌线粒体超微结构变化、心肌线粒体膜电位变化及心肌ATP变化情况。结果:电镜显示各药物干预组心肌线粒体超微结构较模型组均有不同程度的改善,其中葛芪参蒌组改善效果最为明显,与空白组无明显差异; 流式细胞仪检测显示:各干预组波峰均在模型组、空白组之间; 其中葛芪参蒌组、葛参组、葛根组波峰位于达美康组右侧; 葛芪组、葛蒌组则位于达美康组左侧; 以葛芪参蒌组波峰与空白组最为接近。心肌ATP浓度检测显示:各中药干预组心肌ATP浓度均较模型组有所提升(P<0.05),其中葛芪参蒌组ATP值较其余各干预组提升最为明显(P<0.05),但仍低于空白组(P>0.05)。结论:葛根相关配伍均能够对心肌线粒体结构、心肌线粒体膜电位进行正向调控,进而使因糖尿病心肌病导致的心肌线粒体受损得以恢复,其中以益气、化瘀、祛痰三法合用的组方原则进行配伍的葛芪参蒌方改善效果最优。可见其治疗机制可能是通过益气、化瘀、祛痰的协同作用,正向调控心肌线粒体质量而达到治疗目的。