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AIM:To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020,and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China.METHODS:By searching Pub Med,EMBASE,Web of Science,Wanfang Data and CNKI,Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved,and the relevant characteristic data were extracted.Then,Stata v15 SE software was used for Metaanalysis and heterogeneity test.According to the results of heterogeneity,the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data.RESULTS:A total of 20 studies were included in this study,with a total of 111434 cases.Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity.According to the random effect model,the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%,that in rural was 28.79%,and that in urban was 26.66%.The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of cataract is high in China,and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage,so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.  相似文献   
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《Value in health》2022,25(12):1977-1985
ObjectivesEstimates on the distribution of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by line of therapy (LOT) are scarce and get outdated quickly as new treatments become available. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of patients with MM by LOT and the number of patients who have received at least 4 previous LOTs including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).MethodsA compartmental model was developed to calculate the number of patients by LOT. Two pathways were considered based on stem cell transplant eligibility, and at each pathway, treatments were stratified in 2 types: anti-CD38 mAbs or other. The model population was stratified into 4 subgroups based on age and cytogenetic risk. Model inputs were informed from real-world evidence.ResultsThe model estimated that, in 2020, 126 869 patients were living with MM in the United States. Of these, 105 701 received treatment in any LOT, with 56 959, 27 252, 11 258, and 5217 in lines 1 to 4, respectively, and 5015 in line 5 or beyond. The model estimated that 3497 patients received at least 4 previous LOTs including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti-CD38 mAbs. The model overall prevalence predictions aligned well with publicly available estimates.ConclusionsThis study proposes a novel framework to estimate MM prevalence. It can assist clinicians to understand future trends in MM epidemiology, healthcare systems to plan for future resource use allocation, and payers to quantify the budget impact of new treatments.  相似文献   
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目的:对西安市同一行政区域不同学段学生进行视力筛查,了解该区域不同学段学生近视率的差异,并进行原因分析。

方法:采用随机抽样法,选取小学21所、初中和普通高中各3所及职业高中1所共28所学校13 707人进行裸眼远视力和电脑屈光检测。

结果:西安市同区域小学、初中、高中和职业高中近视检出率分别为32.27%、72.07%、81.22%、65.12%; 总近视率为47.81%; 各年级女生近视率均高于男生; 小学和初中近视率随年级升高而升高; 随着学段的升高,高度近视占比由小学的2.40%升高至高中的16.51%。

结论:西安市同区域不同学段学生近视率具有差异性,随着学段的上升,近视率呈一定升高趋势; 女生近视率高于男生; 与2018年全国不同学段儿童青少年近视调查结果对比,2021年西安市同区域小学阶段近视率下降显著,初中及高中阶段近视率虽没有上升,但降幅不明显。  相似文献   

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目的    调查分析亲代教育程度对太原市3岁及以下儿童患龋状况的影响,为社区根据亲代教育程度的差异高效预防低龄儿童患龋提供相关依据。方法    随机抽取太原市高校职工社区与非高校职工社区各1所,选取这两所社区中于2019年10月至2020年10月行预防接种的3岁及以下儿童739名(高校职工社区儿童350名、非高校职工社区儿童389名)进行口腔检查及问卷调查。结果    350名高校职工社区儿童的患龋率为28.57%,龋均为1.42,治疗率为4.11%。389名非高校职工社区儿童患龋率为49.61%,龋均为2.34,治疗率为2.29%。高校职工社区儿童的患龋率明显低于非高校职工社区儿童,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。影响高校职工社区儿童患龋的独立危险因素有:不定期口腔检查(OR = 1.721,95%CI:1.618 ~ 4.840,P < 0.05)、饮用含糖饮料(OR = 5.429,95%CI:2.482 ~ 11.874,P < 0.05)、刷牙时间少(OR = 1.732,95%CI:1.065 ~ 2.816,P < 0.05)、不定期涂氟(OR = 1.426,95%CI:1.195 ~ 3.933,P < 0.05)。影响非高校职工社区儿童患龋的独立危险因素有:与父母共用餐具(OR = 1.440,95%CI:1.241 ~ 3.804,P < 0.05)、甜食进食频率高(OR = 2.199,95%CI:1.497 ~ 3.229,P < 0.05)、刷牙时间少(OR = 1.592,95%CI:1.117 ~ 2.270,P < 0.05)、不使用含氟牙膏(OR = 2.084,95%CI:1.333 ~ 3.257,P < 0.05)。结论    亲代教育程度对太原市3岁及以下儿童患龋率具有一定影响,社区应根据亲代教育程度进行个性化的低龄儿童口腔健康宣教。  相似文献   
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The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography and computed tomography data. Publications were searched until October 5, 2020 in three electronic databases. Additionally, article bibliographies were searched, and authors were contacted if required. This review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019124933). Two independent evaluators assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute levels of evidence; inter-rater reliability tests were performed (Cohen’s κ). The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa was expressed as a proportion; differences according to sex were reported in terms of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity and sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by visual analysis of the funnel plot. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The 62 studies identified and included in the review involved 13,701 patients (22,460 sinuses). The meta-analysis of 35 studies (14,664 sinuses) revealed an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per sinus of 33.2% (95% CI 27.8–38.5%; I2 = 98.32%). The meta-analysis of 42 studies (9631 patients) found an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per patient of 41.0% (95% CI 36.0–46.0%, I2 = 96.45%). The OR for the difference in septa prevalence between sexes was 0.785 (95% CI 0.590–1.046; P = 0.098, I2 = 73.24%). Septa were most frequent in the middle area of the sinus and with a transverse orientation (86.0%). Within the limitations, the results suggest a high proportion of septa in the sinus, commonly in the middle area, which can interfere with the success of sinus floor elevation required for implant rehabilitation.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of probable delirium in long-term care (LTC) and complex continuing care (CCC) settings and to describe the resident characteristics associated with probable delirium.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using routinely collected administrative health data.Setting and ParticipantsAll LTC and CCC residents in Ontario, Canada, assessed with the Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Dataset (RAI-MDS) assessment between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016 (LTC n=86,454, CCC n=10,217).MethodsProbable delirium was identified via the delirium Clinical Assessment Protocol on the RAI-MDS assessment, which is triggered when individuals display at least 1 of 6 delirium symptoms that are of recent onset and different from their usual functioning. RAI-MDS assessments were linked to demographic and health services utilization databases to ascertain resident demographics and health status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with probable delirium, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported.ResultsDelirium was probable in 3.6% of LTC residents and 16.5% of CCC patients. LTC patients displayed fewer delirium symptoms than CCC patients. The most common delirium symptom in LTC was periods of lethargy (44.6% of delirium cases); in CCC, it was mental function varying over the course of the day (63.5% of delirium cases). The odds of probable delirium varied across individual demographics and health characteristics, with increased health instability having the strongest association with the outcome in both care settings (LTC: OR 30.4, 95% CI 26.2-35.3; CCC: OR 21.0, 95% CI 16.7-26.5 for high vs low instability).Conclusions and ImplicationsThere were differences in the presentation and burden of delirium symptoms between LTC and CCC, potentially reflecting differences in delirium severity or symptom identification. Several risk factors for probable delirium in LTC and CCC were identified that may be amenable to interventions to prevent this highly distressing condition.  相似文献   
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目的:了解脑力劳动者和体力劳动者脂肪肝的患病率,探讨两者间肝功能、血脂相关指标是否存在差异。方法:选取2017年1—12月在吴江区第一人民医院体检中心进行体检的脑力、体力劳动者各1 000例,测定肝功能、血脂,进行B超检查,分别筛选出B超确诊为脂肪肝的病例,定义为脑力组和体力组,统计各组年龄、性别、丙氨酸转氨酶、门冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。结果:脑力劳动者检出脂肪肝239例(23.9%),其中男192例,女47例;体力劳动者脂肪肝156例(15.6%),男110例,女46例,脑力劳动者脂肪肝检出率高于体力劳动者(P<0.01),男性脂肪肝检出率均高于女性(P<0.05)。两组脂肪肝的高发年龄段不同,脑力组为>40~50岁,体力组为>50~60岁。但两组的脂肪肝人群在肝功能和血脂异常的发生率及大部分指标上差异无统计学意义。结论:脑力、体力劳动者脂肪肝患病率有明显差异,且与性别、年龄有关;脂肪肝患者的肝功能和血脂水平与劳动性质无关。  相似文献   
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