不同照射方式下核黄素-A波紫外线兔巩膜胶原交联术对兔巩膜成纤维细胞生物力学特性的影响

目的　研究不同照射方式下核黄素-A波紫外线兔巩膜胶原交联术对兔巩膜成纤维细胞生物力学特性的影响。方法　取健康新西兰大白兔24只，随机将兔平均分为A、B两组，每组选取左眼为实验眼，右眼为对照眼。麻醉后暴露左眼鼻上方巩膜。在该处巩膜滴加5-磷酸核黄素5 min后，用波长为370 nm的紫外线灯照射。A组的照射时间为30 min，能量密度为3.0 mW·cm^-2；B组的照射时间为9 min，能量密度为10.0 mW·cm^-2。照射期间，每2 min滴加1次5-磷酸核黄素溶液，以保持巩膜的湿润。术后60 d，处死实验兔，培养实验眼交联部位及对照眼相应部位的巩膜成纤维细胞，用细胞微管吸吮实验检测巩膜成纤维细胞的杨氏模量、表观黏性。结果　A、B两组实验眼巩膜细胞的杨氏模量、表观黏性均较各自对照眼显著增强，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）；而A、B两组实验眼间、及对照眼间巩膜细胞的杨氏模量、表观黏性差异无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。以上结果表明，交联术后巩膜细胞的黏弹性发生了明显的变化，黏弹性显著升高。而两种照射方式之间巩膜细胞的黏弹性无显著差异。结论　两种不同的照射方式，均能使巩膜成纤维细胞的生物力学性能发生显著增强，而两种照射方式之间并未见明显的差别。     

国产弹性蛋白酶浸泡法构建兔腹主动脉瘤及其随访

目的采用国产猪胰弹性蛋白酶溶液主动脉周浸泡法构建兔腹主动脉瘤(AAA)模型,并随访其长期稳定性。方法 24只新西兰兔随机分成两组,实验组(n=12)用10μL浓度为10 U/μL国产猪胰弹性蛋白酶溶液浸润主动脉近分叉处血管段30 min,对照组用10μL 0.9%氯化钠溶液浸润30 min。术前和术后5、15、40、100、150 d分别经耳缘静脉造影测量主动脉内径。术后5、15、150 d造影后每组分别处死4只兔作苏木精-伊红(HE)、弹力纤维EVG染色和免疫组化染色。结果实验组术后5 d均形成AAA,主动脉直径100 d内基本稳定,150 d时明显缩小;组织学上术后5 d血管壁严重破坏、结构紊乱,可见红细胞渗出和炎性细胞浸润,弹力纤维和平滑肌细胞明显减少甚至消失,15 d时血管结构规整,可见部分残留弹力纤维,未见炎性细胞,150 d时管腔变窄,内膜过度增生,可见大量平滑肌细胞增生和紊乱的新生弹力纤维。对照组均未见AAA形成,病理学无明显变化。结论国产猪胰弹性蛋白酶溶液浸泡法可诱导兔AAA形成,操作简单、安全、有效。该模型有自愈倾向,但100 d内基本稳定,有助于AAA机制研究。     

针刀松解联合丹参注射液关节腔注射治疗骨性关节炎模型兔

文题释义： 针刀疗法：用一个完整的语言来概括应该是一种介于手术方法和非手术疗法之间的闭合性松解术。针刀疗法是将东方中医学的基本理论和西方医学的手术解剖基本理论融为一体，针刀疗法其操作的特点是在治疗部位刺入深部到病变处进行轻松的切割、剥离等不同的刺激，以达到止痛祛病的目的。 丹参注射液：其化学成分主要是水溶性酚酸类化合物，通过多种靶标起到促进血液循环和祛瘀的作用。动物研究表明，丹参注射液可通过抑制IκBα磷酸化来抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活。保护软骨下骨及软骨细胞，有效防治骨关节炎。 背景：丹参注射液与针刀松解术都是临床中治疗骨关节炎很常用的技术，目前缺乏对2种治疗方法联合使用的研究。 目的：对比单独使用针刀松解术、单独使用丹参注射液与两种方法联合使用治疗兔模型骨关节炎的效果。 方法：实验方案经黑龙江中医药大学动物实验伦理委员会批准。50只新西兰白兔分为5组：空白对照组；模型组；丹参注射液组；针刀组；针刀联合丹参注射液组。除空白对照组外，其他4组兔均制备膝关节骨关节炎模型。造模成功后，对针刀组兔内外侧支持带、内外侧膝眼，膝关节上方髌上囊、股四头肌各肌肌腹，膝关节内侧股薄肌肌腹及止点、收肌肌群肌腹及止点和胫骨平台附近部位进行针刀松解；空白对照组及模型组兔关节腔注射生理盐水0.3 mL；丹参注射液组兔关节腔每次注射0.3 mL丹参注射液；针刀联合丹参注射液组：每周进行1次针刀治疗同针刀组，每次针刀干预之后，关节腔注0.3 mL丹参注射液。上述干预每周1次，持续5周。对各组兔膝关节软骨进行大体观察及病理切片组织学观察，ELISA 检测关节液白细胞介素1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平。 结果与结论：①大体观察：模型组膝关节磨损较为严重，针刀组、丹参注射液组、针刀联合丹参注射液组膝关节轻度磨损；②病理切片评分：丹参注射液组评分略高于针刀组和针刀联合丹参注射液组差异无显著性意义；③ELISA 检测结果：针刀联合丹参注射液组白细胞介素1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平显著低于或针刀组或丹参注射液组(P < 0.05)；④结果说明，在兔膝关节骨关节炎模型中降低白细胞介素1、肿瘤坏死因子α水平方面，针刀松解术结合丹参注射液关节腔注射治优于单独使用针刀或单独使用丹参注射液关节腔注射。ORCID: 0000-0003-4119-633X(刘广宇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程     

Invasive rabbits host immature Ixodes ticks at the urban-forest interface

Introduced wildlife may be important alternative hosts for generalist ticks that cause health issues for humans and companion animals in urban areas, but to date are rarely considered as part of the tick-host community compared to native wildlife. In Australia, European rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, are a widespread and abundant invasive species common to a range of human-modified ecosystems. To understand the potential role of rabbits in the life cycle of Australian ticks, we investigated the seasonal abundance of all tick life stages (larva, nymph, and adult) on rabbits collected from pest control programs in two urban forest remnants in Sydney, Australia. We also recorded whether larvae, nymphs, and adults were attached to the head, body, or limbs of rabbits to reveal patterns of tick attachment. Of the 2426 Ixodes ticks collected from 42 rabbits, larvae were by far the most abundant life stage (2360), peaking in abundance in autumn, while small numbers of nymphs (62) and adults (4) were present in winter and summer respectively. Larvae were found all over the body, whereas adults and nymphs were predominantly attached to the head, suggesting that the mature life stages use the host landscape differently, or that adults or nymphs may be groomed off the body. The most abundant tick species, as determined by morphology and DNA sequencing, was Ixodes holocyclus, a generalist tick responsible for significant human and companion animal health concerns in Australia. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of introduced wildlife in tick dynamics particularly in novel ecosystems where non-native hosts may be more abundant than native hosts.     

基于三维打印技术制作钛合金修复体修补兔颅骨缺损的研究

目的 通过三维(3D)打印技术协助新西兰兔个体化钛合金修复体进行预制行颅骨缺损修补,探讨3D技术在颅骨缺损重建中的运用价值。方法 选取健康雄性新西兰兔12只制作颅骨缺损模型成功后,螺旋64排CT薄层无间距逐层扫描获得断层数据后进行格式转换构建三维颅骨立体模型,利用3D打印机进行修复体的三维原型制造,结合模型利用钛合金修复体进行骨性缺损区域精准修补。结果 钛合金修复体与骨性缺损区域及边缘组织契合满意,术中一次固定到位,避免反复剪裁,操作阻力小,伤口均一期愈合,不良反应较少,未观察到颅内感染、头皮溃烂、钛合金外露、排出及移位等不良现象。术后颅骨外形与健侧相比更美观、功能修复满意,并邀请三位同行医师评估修复满意度,以100%为满意,取平均值,满意率为98.78%。结论 与颅骨缺损修补术相比,3D打印技术可快速、精准结合钛合金,对个体化修复颅骨缺损区尤其是复杂解剖形态“适形”可能更胜一筹,值得临床推广运用。     

Immunogenicity and safety of one or two doses of the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine MenACWY-TT given alone or with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in toddlers: A phase III,open-label,randomised study

BackgroundWe evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of 1 and 2 doses of quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) given alone or co-administered with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in toddlers.MethodsIn this phase III, open-label, controlled, multicentre study (NCT01939158), healthy toddlers aged 12–14 months were randomised into 4 groups to receive 1 dose of MenACWY-TT at month (M) 0 (ACWY_1), 2 doses of MenACWY-TT at M0 and M2 (ACWY_2), MenACWY-TT and PCV13 at M0 (Co-ad), or PCV13 at M0 and MenACWY-TT at M2 (PCV13/ACWY). Immune responses were assessed 1 month post-each vaccination. Solicited and unsolicited symptoms were recorded for 4 and 31 days post-each vaccination, respectively; serious adverse events (SAEs) and new onset of chronic illnesses (NOCIs) up to M9 from first vaccination.Results802 toddlers were vaccinated. Post-dose 1 of MenACWY-TT, ≥92.8% of toddlers had rSBA titres ≥1:8, and ≥62.5% had hSBA titres ≥1:4 for each meningococcal serogroup. Post-dose 2 of MenACWY-TT, rSBA titres ≥1:8 were observed in ≥98.0% and hSBA titres ≥1:4 in ≥95.3% of toddlers. Percentages of toddlers with hSBA titres ≥1:4 were higher after 2 doses versus 1 dose of MenACWY-TT for MenW (97.1% versus 62.5–68.9%) and MenY (95.3% versus 64.3–67.6%). Non-inferiority of immune responses to co-administered MenACWY-TT and PCV13 over their separate administration was demonstrated. AEs incidence was comparable among groups. SAEs were reported for 4.9%, 5.1%, 5.5% and 7.5%, and NOCIs for 2.0%, 3.0%, 0.5% and 3.5% of toddlers in the ACWY_1, ACWY_2, Co-ad and PCV13/ACWY groups, respectively; 4 SAEs reported in 3 toddlers were vaccine-related. Two fatal vaccine-unrelated SAEs were reported.ConclusionMenACWY-TT was immunogenic when administered as a single dose at 12–14 months of age. A second dose in toddlers increased hSBA responses against MenW and MenY. MenACWY-TT and PCV13 can be co-administered without impairing the immunogenicity or safety profile of either vaccine.     

迷走神经途径的L-谷氨酸与十二指肠运动的量效关系

目的 构建经迷走神经背核（DMV）注射L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)的剂量与雌性家兔十二指肠肌电活动指数的数学模型,为探讨激素、细胞因子等影响迷走神经活动的作用机制提供实验依据。 方法 采用DMV显微注射技术,分别按0 mol/L、0.05 mol/L、0.10 mol/L、0.15 mol/L和0.20 mol/L剂量经DMV注射L-Glu,每剂量组样本数为5只,监测卵巢摘除家兔的十二指肠肌电活动;并构建L-Glu的剂量与十二指肠肌电活动指数之间的数学模型。 结果 经t检验分析,相邻剂量组之间,肌电活动的振幅逐渐增强,且差异极显著（P＜0.01）;频率逐渐加强,其中0 mol/L与0.05 mol/L、0.10 mol/L与0.15 mol/L组间差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;肌电活动指数逐渐增强,且组间差异极显著（P＜0.01）。以L Glu浓度为自变量 x,十二指肠肌电活动指数为因变量 y,构建的数学模型的函数关系式为：y=13.71/1 + exp ［-22.35 × (x -0.082)］,函数拟合精度：R²=0.9948,P<0.01,属于增长型S型逻辑函数。函数分析表明,0.082 mol/L L-Glu剂量为该逻辑函数的拐点值;在L-Glu剂量范围为0 mol/L～0.082 mol/L时,十二指肠肌电活动指数成指数型增长模式;当L-Glu剂量大于0.082 mol/L时,十二指肠肌电活动指数呈对数型增长模式,且其理论极限值为13.71。 结论 L-Glu通过DMV对家兔十二指肠肌电活动的促进作用具有显著的量效关系,且具有区间作用的特点。