社区“5+1”糖尿病分阶段达标管理对2型糖尿病患者生存质量干预效果分析

目的 分析社区"5+1"糖尿病分阶段达标管理对2型糖尿病患者生存质量的干预效果及其影响因素，为提高患者生存质量提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法在山西省、江苏省和宁夏回族自治区选择12个社区卫生服务中心，分别作为干预组（管理方式：社区"5+1"糖尿病分阶段达标管理）、对照组[管理方式：依据《国家基本公共卫生服务规范（2011年版）》的相关要求]，进行为期2年的随访观察。采用面对面问卷调查的方式，收集患者的人口学信息等基本信息；采用健康调查简表（SF-36）对患者在干预前后测量生存质量。采用SAS 9.4软件进行双重差分法以及多重线性回归模型分析。结果 基线时共纳入2 467名研究对象，终末时共1 924人接受了为期2年完整的随访管理。干预后，干预组、对照组患者生理健康维度（PCS）、心理健康维度（MCS）评分变化净差值分别为13.6分、29.8分。多重线性回归分析结果显示，影响患者PCS得分的主要因素有年龄、医保类型、基线PCS得分以及所在地区，影响患者MCS得分的主要因素有年龄、医保类型、基线MCS得分、是否合并高血压以及所在地区。结论 社区"5+1"糖尿病分阶段达标管理对2型糖尿病患者生存质量的干预效果较好。     

老年体检人群心脑血管疾病患者健康状况综合评估

目的 对老年体检人群中心脑血管疾病患者健康状况进行综合评估,并分析其相关影响因素。方法 选取2016年1-12月江苏省省级机关医院健康管理中心参加体检≥60岁老年人共532例,采用人口学调查、日常生活能力评估量表、营养风险筛查NRS-2002评估表、跌倒风险评估量表、国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表、阿森斯失眠量及亚洲人骨质疏松自我筛查工具对其人口学特征、心脑血管疾病分布特征以及健康综合情况等进行调查。结果 共532例参加调查研究,患心血管疾病者共122例(22.93%),冠心病患者71例(13.35%),脑梗死患者48例(9.02%)。随年龄增加,患病率逐渐上升(趋势性χ²=54.52,P<0.001)。心血管疾病患者与未患心血管疾病者之间年龄、退休前职业构成、合并高血压或糖尿病的比例及舒张压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,肥胖者及合并糖尿病者发生患心脑血管疾病者的风险分别为BMI正常者或未患糖尿病者的2.13(95%CI:1.10~4.14)及2.03(95%CI:1.11~3.71)倍;年龄每增加一个单位,患心血管的风险增加1.11倍(95%CI:1.07~1.14);退休前职业为机关或事业单位人员患心脑血管疾病的风险为退休前职业为工人或企业职员者2.00倍(95%CI:1.12~3.86)。老年人综合评估显示,患心脑血管疾病者的营养不良风险、跌倒风险、尿失禁风险、睡眠障碍风险以及骨质疏松风险与未患心脑血管疾病者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 针对心脑血管疾病患者,应在综合评估的基础上,除积极治疗脑梗死、冠心病等原发症状外,同时进行营养支持、体重管理、抗抑郁治疗、心理疏导等,提高患者健康水平的同时提升患者的生活质量。     

Adiponectin protects rat heart from left ventricular remodeling induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia via inhibition of TGF-β/smad2/3 pathway

Objective

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with many cardiovascular disorders. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the primary player in OSAS of the many associated factors. This study was in order to investigate the effects of the Adiponectin (Ad) on left ventricular remodeling induced by CIH.

Methods

Forty-five rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, CIH group and CIH plus Ad supplemented (CIH + Ad) group. After 35 days’ CIH exposure, masson analysis was used to detect the left ventricular fibrosis and western blot was used to measure the protein expression of collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β/smad2/3 pathway. Gene analysis by RT-PCR was used to study the MMP2 and TIMP2.

Results

After CIH exposure, the fibrosis of left ventricular in CIH group was significantly remarkable than that in both NC and CIH + Ad groups (P<0.05), although statistical difference existed between NC and CIH + Ad groups (P<0.05). In addition, the protein expression of collagen I as well as collagen III and the ratio of mRNA levels of MMP2/TIMP2 were the highest in CIH group but the lowest in NC group, with CIH + Ad group in between. There was a significant difference among three groups (all P<0.05). The TGF-β/smad2/3 pathway was activated obviously in CIH group, but less noticeably in CIH + Ad group (P<0.05) with a significant difference in the two groups.

Conclusions

The present study showed that Ad could ameliorate the left ventricular remodeling induced by CIH via inhibition of the expression of TGF-β/smad2/3 pathway.     

The Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Employee’s Work Engagement–A Study Based on the Mediating Effect of Goal Self-Concordance and Self-Efficacy

The average stress of people in China’s workplace is reaching the peak in recent two years. To improve employee’s positive psychological factors, Spiritual leadership has a good performance in this regard. Based on the mediating effect of goal self-concordance and self-efficacy, this paper further studies the impact of spiritual leadership on employee’s work engagement. Through the empirical study, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Spiritual leadership significantly positively affects the employee’s work engagement. (2) Spiritual leadership has a significant positive effect on goal self-concordance and self-efficacy. (3) Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy have significant positive effects on employee’s work engagement. (4) Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy play a partial mediating role in the process of spiritual leadership’s impact on employees’ work engagement. This study found the new mediator which partly revealed the mechanism between the effectiveness of Spiritual Leadership and employee’s work engagement. This study may serve as one of the researches for improving the effectiveness of leaders in organizations and promoting the motivation of employees in the workplace.     

肺透明细胞瘤临床病理学观察

目的探讨肺透明细胞瘤的临床病理学和免疫组化表型特点、组织起源及鉴别诊断。方法对1例肺透明细胞瘤运用光镜、HE及免疫组化方法分析,并复习相关文献。结果肺透明细胞瘤瘤细胞圆形或椭圆形,胞界清楚,胞浆透明或嗜伊红,无明显核分裂像。免疫组化:HMB-45(+)、CD34(+)、CK(-)、EMA(-)、S-100(-)、Syn(-)、CgA(-),组织化学PAS(+)。结论肺透明细胞瘤是一种较罕见的肿瘤,大多呈良性,坏死罕见,若有坏死,需考虑恶性可能,治疗通常为手术切除。其诊断和鉴别诊断主要依靠组织病理学及免疫组化,熟悉其形态学有利于与其它类似病变如转移的肾透明细胞癌及肺自身发生的透明细胞癌等鉴别。     

Fetal growth-retardation and brain-sparing by malnutrition are associated to changes in neurotransmitters profile

The present study assesses possible changes in the levels of different neurotransmitters (catecholamines and indoleamines) in fetuses affected by nutrient shortage. Hence, we determined the concentration of catecholamines and indoleamines at the hypothalamus of 56 swine fetuses obtained at both 70 and 90 days of pregnancy (n = 33 and 23 fetuses, respectively). The degree of fetal development and the fetal sex affected the neurotransmitters profile at both stages. At Day 70, there were found higher mean concentrations of l-DOPA in both female and male fetuses with severe IUGR; male fetuses with severe IUGR also showed higher concentrations of TRP than normal male littermates. At Day 90 of pregnancy, the differences between sexes were more evident. There were no significant effects from either severe IUGR on the neurotransmitter profile in male fetuses. However, in the females, a lower body-weight was related to lower concentrations of l-DOPA and TRP and those female fetuses affected by severe IUGR evidenced lower HVA concentration. In conclusion, the fetal synthesis and use of neurotransmitters increase with time of pregnancy but, in case of IUGR, both catecholamines and indoleamines pathways are affected by sex-related effects.     

Association of DAZ1/DAZ2 deletion with spermatogenic impairment and male infertility in the South Chinese population

Purpose

To investigate the effect of the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) copy cluster deletion on spermatogenesis in the South Chinese population.

Methods

In this study, the prevalence and characteristics of different DAZ copy cluster deletions and their association with spermatogenic failure were analyzed. A total of 186 infertile men with different spermatogenic impairments and 190 normozoospermic fertile men were studied. Three DAZ-specific single nucleotide variant loci and seven AZFc-specific sequence-tagged sites were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism and routine PCR.

Results

Gr/gr deletions were observed in a total of 9 of the 190 normozoospermic fertile men, and 11 gr/gr deletions were found in 186 infertile men. In addition, 3 b2/b3 deletions were identified in the infertile, but not in the fertile men. DAZ-SNV loci analysis revealed 4 DAZ copies that had 8 gr/gr-DAZ3/DAZ4 deletions and 1 gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletion in the fertile men (8/190 vs. 1/190, p = 0.037). Analysis of DAZ deletion copies in infertile men revealed 10 gr/gr-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletions, 1 gr/gr-DAZ3/DAZ4 deletion (10/186 vs. 1/186, p = 0.011) and 3 b2/b3-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletions (13/186 vs. 1/186, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Analysis of DAZ gene copies in AZFc microdeletions suggests that the contribution of the different deletions to male infertility varies. Removing DAZ1/DAZ2 seems to be associated with spermatogenic impairment, whereas removing DAZ3/DAZ4 seems to have little or no effect on fertility in the South Chinese population.     

低频重复经颅磁刺激部位对老年慢性失眠症患者的影响

目的:探讨不同部位低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对老年慢性失眠症患者睡眠及日间疲劳的影响。方法:90例患者被随机分为右背外侧前额叶皮质(DLPFC)组、脑干中缝核(RN)组和伪刺激组。右DLPFC组和RN组分别在右侧DLPFC区和RN区给予低频rTMS,伪刺激组将线圈垂直竖起置于顶叶。治疗4周前后,通过睡眠日记获取患者睡眠潜伏期(SOL)、睡后觉醒时间(WASO)、睡后觉醒次数(WNSO)、总睡眠时间(TST)、总卧床时间(TIB)、睡眠效率(SE),并评定匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和多维度疲劳量表(MFI)的分项分及总分,比较治疗前后各项指标和评分的差异。结果:治疗后与治疗前对比,右DLPFC组和RN组SOL、WASO、WNSO、TST、SE及PSQI各项评分与MFI总分和一般疲劳、躯体疲劳、精神疲劳分项得分出现显著降低,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05),而伪刺激组虽个别患者评分也出现小幅下降,但差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。多组间比较,右DLPFC组在TST、SE及PSQI的睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、日间功能、总分和MFI的总分、一般疲劳、精神疲劳方面改善最好,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:低频rTMS刺激右DLPFC区较RN区对老年慢性失眠症患者的主观睡眠质量和日间疲劳度改善更优。     

前列腺癌内分泌治疗的生存随访

目的:探讨前列腺癌内分泌治疗后患者长期生存情况及相关预后因素。方法:随访124例前列腺癌内分泌治疗后的生存情况,用Kaplan-Meiers生存分析比较不同分型患者的生存时间情况。结果:全组前列腺癌有效随访者平均生存时间为5.912年,中位生存时间为7.81年。按前列腺癌诊断时的特征情况分组分析后仅发现临床未有骨转移者的生存时间相比有骨转移的患者较长(P=0.04)。而不同病理分型和前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平对内分泌治疗的预后无显著影响。对58例已死亡的患者分析显示,前列腺癌相关死亡的35例患者生存时间于其他死因患者的生存时间相比并无显著差异(P=0.499)。结论:前列腺癌有无骨转移可能是影响晚期前列腺癌预后的重要因素,其比病理分级情况对生存时间的影响更为显著。     

主题式图文对照自我管理贴士在2型糖尿病患者延续护理中的应用

目的 观察主题式图文对照自我管理贴士在2型糖尿病患者延续护理中的应用效果。方法 选取2016年6月-2018年6月于我院经过住院治疗后出院的2型糖尿病患者94例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与实验组,每组各47例。对照组接受常规延续护理,实验组在对照组基础上加用自制的主题式图文对照糖尿病自我管理贴士套装,对2组干预后的各观察指标进行比较。 结果 干预后实验组自我管理评分显著高于对照组,空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖及糖化血红蛋白均优于对照组(t=-14.870,P<0.001; t=-6.559,P<0.001; t=-13.851,P<0.001)。 结论 以主题式图文对照自我管理贴士为工具对2型糖尿病患者开展延续护理教育,可显著提升该类患者糖尿病自我管理能力与血糖控制效果。