一体化管理的老年综合评估护理模式对前列腺癌患者心理因素和生活质量的影响

目的探讨对前列腺癌患者采用一体化管理老年综合评估(CGA)护理模式对其心理因素和生活质量的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2021年3月在南京市第一医院就诊,确诊为前列腺癌,且首次行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的患者96例,随机分为对照组、观察1组、观察2组,各32例。对照组为住院后采用常规护理模式进行护理,观察1组为入院后行CGA干预组,观察2组为一体化管理的CGA干预组。三组患者分别在干预前、出院时,进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评;在干预前、术后30 d,进行生活质量核心量表QLQ-C30(V3.0)和前列腺癌特异性补充量表QLQ-PR25测评。结果出院时,观察2组SAS、SDS评分显著优于对照组及观察1组(P<0.05);术后30 d,观察2组生活质量QLQ-C30、QLQ-PR25评分显著优于对照组及观察1组(P<0.05)。结论一体化管理CGA护理模式可有效改善前列腺癌患者的心理状态,提高其术后生活质量。     

Study on the Value of Ultrasound Elastography Combined with Plasma miRNA Expression in the Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing each year, due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms in the early stage of BC, and the lack of diagnostic methods for early breast cancer. Therefore, identifying an effective diagnostic method for early BC has become urgent. Materials and Methods: Breast lesions with a histological diagnosis that were examined by ultrasonic elastography (UE) in our department from June 2020 to December 2021 were reviewed. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of miR-144-5p and miR-26b-5p in the plasma of patients with BC. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to investigate the potential diagnostic value of miR- 144-5p, miR-26b-5p and the elastographic score in BC. Results: The ultrasonic elastography score(UES) was found to be significantly upregulated in BC compared with that in benign breast lesions, and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.809, 0.717 and 0.806 for distinguishing BC from benign breast lesions, respectively. miR-144-5p and miR-26b- 5p were found to be upregulated in the plasma of BC patients, and miR-144-5p+miR-26b-5p had 0.781 sensitivity and 0.780 specificity for the diagnosis of BC. Furthermore, we found that the diagnostic performance of miR-144-5p and miR-26b-5p combined with UES for BC had 0.913 sensitivity and 0.890 specificity. Conclusions: The combination of plasma miR-144-5p, miR-26b-5p and UES has a very high clinical application value for the early detection of BC.     

不同切口白内障联合青光眼手术对眼表的影响

目的：探讨单切口和双切口白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障术后眼表的影响。

方法：随机抽取在我院行单切口和双切口白内障超声乳化吸除、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术患者各26例26眼，对临床资料进行回顾性分析。比较两组病例术前1d和术后1wk，1、3mo时的泪膜破裂时间(break up time，BUT)，泪液分泌试验Ⅰ(SchirmerⅠ time，SⅠt)，角膜荧光素染色程度(corneal fluorescein staining，FL)等，并对结果进行统计学分析。

结果：所有入选的病例均在局部麻醉下行手术治疗，术后随访3mo。两组患者术后1wk，1mo的BUT，FL，SⅠt指标数值与术前相比均有明显差异(P<0.01)，术后3mo基本恢复术前水平。术后1wk，1mo双切口组BUT，SⅠt均明显短于单切口组(P<0.05)； FL双切口组术后1wk明显高于单切口组(P<0.05)，而术后1mo两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3mo，两组患者的BUT，FL，SⅠt相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：单切口和双切口的白内障超声乳化联合显微小梁切除术术后均对术眼眼表有影响，双切口组影响更大，且相关指标异常的高峰期出现在术后1mo之内。     

急性心肌梗死后左心室游离壁破裂患者临床特点分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)后发生左心室游离壁破裂(free wall rupture,FWR)患者的临床特点及危险因素。方法入选2010年12月至2018年12月南京医科大学附属南京医院明确诊断为AMI的患者4221例,其中发生FWR的患者81例(FWR组),按照1:5匹配原则,随机选取未发生心脏破裂(且未发生室间隔穿孔)的患者405例作为非FWR组,比较两组患者临床基线资料及预后。结果(1)AMI患者中出现FWR的风险为1.9%。(2)与非FWR组相比,FWR组患者年龄偏大,前壁心肌梗死较多,心功能更差,接受手术治疗(包括经皮支架植入和冠状动脉旁路移植术)的患者比例偏低,且所有患者均出现院内死亡。(3)91.4%的患者FWR发生在AMI起病1周之内,其中24 h内发生FWR 37例(45.7%)。(4)COX回归分析发现,年龄(HR=1.055,95%CI:1.032~1.078,P<0.001)、急性前壁心肌梗死(HR=1.907,95%CI:1.211~3.002,P=0.005)和手术治疗(HR=0.126,95%CI:0.072~0.220,P<0.001)是AMI患者出现FWR的独立预测因子。结论AMI患者发生FWR的风险约为1.9%,而且通常发生在心肌梗死1周内,高龄和急性前壁心肌梗死患者容易发生FWR,而手术治疗能明显降低FWR风险。     

Aberrant functional and effective connectivity of the frontostriatal network in unilateral acute tinnitus patients with hearing loss

Brain Imaging and Behavior - The present study combined resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and Granger causality analysis (GCA) to explore frontostriatal network dysfunction in unilateral...     

Ischémie reperfusion en transplantation rénale

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inescapable phenomenon in kidney transplantation. It combines lesional processes of biochemical origin associated with oxydative stress and of immunological origin in connection with the recruitment and activation of innate immunity cells. Histological lesions associate acute tubular necrosis and interstitial œdema, which can progress to interstitial fibrosis. The extent of these lesions depends on donor characteristics (age, expanded criteria donor, etc.) and cold ischemia time. In the short term, ischemia-reperfusion results in delayed recovery of graft function. Cold ischemia time also impacts long-term graft survival. Preclinical models, such as murine and porcine models, have furthered understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Due to its renal anatomical proximity to humans, the porcine model is relevant to assessment of the molecules administered to a donor or recipient, and also of additives to preservation solutions. Different donor resuscitation and graft perfusion strategies can be studied. In humans, prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury is a research subject as concerns donor conditioning, additive molecules in preservation solutions, graft reperfusion modalities and choice of the molecules administered to the recipient. Pending significant advances in research, the goal is to achieve the shortest possible cold ischemia time.     

乌司他丁对冠状动脉搭桥术后患者认知功能障碍的影响

目的探讨不同剂量乌司他丁对冠状动脉搭桥术患者术后认知功能障碍的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法选择2013年1月至2014年6月在南京医科大学附属南京医院就诊择期行冠状动脉搭桥术的老年患者127例, 分为三组:大剂量乌司他丁组(1.6万U/kg)、小剂量乌司他丁组(0.8万U/kg)和对照组(等容量的生理盐水)。所有患者在手术当日和次日晨8时测血浆皮质醇浓度, 并在术前、开胸、术毕、术后6 h和术后24 h分别检测IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α和S100β蛋白水平。术前1 d、术后1周和3个月分别应用精神神经测试组合量表评估患者认知功能的变化判定有无术后认知功能障碍, 计算各组患者术后认知功能障碍的发生率, 并且比较术后1周是否发生术后认知功能障碍患者S100β蛋白水平。结果最终93例患者完成研究, 三组患者一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。与术前相比较, 对照组患者术后24 h血浆皮质醇浓度升高明显( P < 0.01), 且大剂量和小剂量乌司他丁组患者术后血浆皮质醇浓度均较对照组低(均 P < 0.01);三组患者术毕、术后6 h和24 h血浆IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平及S100β蛋白水平均高于术前(均 P < 0.05);大剂量和小剂量乌司他丁组患者在术毕、术后6 h和24 h血浆IL-6、TNF-α水平浇以及在术后6 h S100β蛋白水平均比相对应时间点的对照组患者降低(均 P < 0.05), 但大剂量和小剂量乌司他丁组患者组间差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。大剂量和小剂量乌司他丁组患者术后1周认知功能障碍发生率(25.8%和23.3%)均低于对照组(50.0%), 差异有统计学意义(均 P < 0.05);而大剂量和小剂量乌司他丁组术后3个月的术后认知功能障碍发生率(12.9%和16.7%)与对照组(28.1%)比较, 差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。术后认知功能障碍组( n=31) 在术后24 h血清S100β蛋白水平高于非术后认知功能障碍组( n=62), 其差异具有统计学意义( P < 0.05)。 结论乌司他丁可降低冠状动脉搭桥术患者术后1周的术后认知功能障碍的发生率, 其机制可能与减轻炎性反应及脑损伤有关。     

MDT模式下PBL教学法在老年髋部骨折教学中的应用

目的分析在MDT模式下对老年髋部骨折临床教学中应用PBL教学法的实际效果。方法利用分组研究法对我院在2017年1月—2019年8月接收的80名临床实习学生进行研究,对比组学生(n=40)行常规教学,观察组学生(n=40)行PBL教学法,对比两组学生最终学习成果。结果观察组学生最终教学效果评价好于对比组(P<0.05);观察组学生最终教学满意度97.5%高于对比组患者最终教学满意度75%(P<0.05)。结论在MDT模式下对老年髋部骨折临床教学中应用PBL教学法的实际效果显著,采用该种方法教学后学生的自主学习能力得到明显提升,且教师的教学满意度得到极大的提升,故值得广泛应用和推广。     

双长效支气管扩张剂在慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗中的研究进展

长效支气管扩张剂是稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)治疗的基石。固定剂量长效β2受体激动剂(long actingβ2 agonist,LABA)/长效抗胆碱能药物(long acting muscarinic antagonist,LAMA)复方制剂被慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议推荐用于COPD的治疗。为了更深入了解已经上市的多种LABA/LAMA复方制剂如维兰特罗/乌美溴铵、茚达特罗/格隆溴铵、福莫特罗/格隆溴铵及奥达特罗/噻拖溴铵等的疗效和安全性,本文对LABA/LAMA一些重要临床研究作一综述,旨在为COPD患者提供个体化的治疗方案。     

Endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy for patients with acute tandem vertebrobasilar artery occlusion

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy in patients with acute tandem vertebrobasilar artery occlusion.MethodsFrom April 2017 to March 2019, three patients with acute basilar artery occlusion combined with ostial vertebral occlusion in our institution were enrolled in the study. They underwent endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy. The clinical, technical and functional outcomes of the patients were retrospectively analysed.ResultsAll three patients in the study underwent complete recanalization. The modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade was 2b/3 in all patients. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 0–2 for the three patients at 3 months. Follow-up CT scans revealed no cerebral haemorrhage, and no patients died during follow-up. All patients achieved good clinical outcomes after the combined treatment.ConclusionEndovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy is a feasible method to treat patients with acute basilar artery occlusion combined with ostial vertebral occlusion, especially when the guidewire cannot pass through the ostium of the dominant vertebral artery occlusion.