血管生成素样蛋白与胰岛素抵抗和糖代谢的关系及在多囊卵巢综合征中的作用

多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）是育龄期女性最常见的内分泌及代谢性疾病之一,PCOS患者发生心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的风险增加。越来越多的研究支持胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance,IR）是PCOS重要的病理机制之一。血管生成素样蛋白（angiopoietin-like proteins,ANGPTLs）家族是一类与血管生成素结构相似的分泌型糖蛋白,目前已发现8个成员,即ANGPTL1~ANGPTL8。ANGPTLs在PCOS患者血液中表达水平升高,并且与IR程度密切相关,ANGPTLs通过促进脂肪组织炎症、调节胰岛素分泌及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/Akt）信号通路等参与了IR和糖代谢,这很可能与PCOS的发病有关。综述ANGPTLs参与IR和糖代谢的机制及其在PCOS中的作用,以期进一步探讨ANGPTLs参与PCOS发病的机制,为预测和治疗PCOS提供新思路。     

What information can we gain from performing adaptive radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients from the past 10 years?

The aim of the review was to present the current literature status about replanning regarding anatomical and dosimetric changes in the target and OARs in the head and neck region during radiotherapy, to discuss and to analyze factors influencing the decision for adaptive radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients. Significant progress has been made in head and neck patients’ evaluation and qualification for adapted radiotherapy over the past ten years. Many factors leading to anatomical and dosimetric changes during treatment have been identified. Based on the literature, the most common factors triggering re-plan are weight loss, tumor and nodal changes, and parotid glands shrinkage. The fluctuations in dose distribution in the clinical area are significant predictive factors for patients’ quality of life and the possibility of recovery. It has been shown that re-planning influence clinical outcomes: local control, disease free survival and overall survival. Regarding literature studies, it seems that adaptive radiotherapy would be the most beneficial for tumors of immense volume or those in the nearest proximity of the OARs. All researchers agree that the timing of re-planning is a crucial challenge, and there are still no clear consensus guidelines for time or criteria of re-planning. Nowadays, thanks to significant technological progress, the decision is mostly made based on observation and supported with IGRT verification. Although further research is still needed, adaptive strategies are evolving and now became the state of the art of modern radiotherapy.     

Sélection de patientes et tolérance précoce de l’irradiation mammaire selon le protocole « Fast Forward » : résultats préliminaires

PurposeModerate hypofractionated radiotherapy has become routine practice for a selected population of patients treated for early-stage breast cancer. In April 2020, the Fast Forward (FF) study was published which introduced another extreme hypofractionated radiotherapy regimen in five sessions over a week. The aim of this work is to evaluate the population of first patients in whom this regimen was used in our department, as well as the results in terms of early toxicity.Material and methodsWe retrospectively analysed all the patients treated in our department according to the Fast Forward protocol after establishing an institutional consensus regarding the selection of patients with breast cancer without indication for lymph node irradiation. All patients received breast-only irradiation at a total dose of 26 Gy in five fractions according to protocol. All patients were treated by modern conformational techniques with planning large volume coverage between 95 and 100%. Acute toxicity of the treatment was assessed using the NCI CTC v4.0 scale and the general condition was assessed according to the WHO classification.ResultsBetween August 2020 and May 2021, 30 patients were included, treated on the breast alone without complement on the tumour bed or irradiation of the lymph node areas. The median age of the patients was 80 years (range: 60–85 years) with performance status 2 in 27 cases (89%). Only one patient had metastatic disease (3%), one patient presented locally advanced and 28 (94%) patients had early stage disease. Three patients (10%) were treated in dorsal decubitus according to the “field in the field” technique and 27 patients (90%) in isocentric lateral decubitus, which made it possible to avoid the organs at risk such as the heart (average dose of less than 1 Gy) and the lungs. The early toxicity observed was grade I radio dermatitis in 8 patients (27%). No grade 2 and 3 toxicity, as well as radiation-induced pain or lymphedema were observed.ConclusionsThe results of this series of patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy according to the Fast Forward protocol on the breast alone with adapted techniques show that the protocol is feasible, with little early toxicity but a greater follow-up is necessary to assess long-term toxicity.     

宫颈病变冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性及病变残留的危险因素分析北大核心

目的:研究因宫颈病变行冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性及病变残留的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2018年09月至2021年04月在山西医科大学第二医院妇科行宫颈冷刀锥切术经病理组织学诊断为HSIL及MIC的429例患者的临床资料,采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析年龄、绝经状态、孕次、产次、同房出血、不规则出血、家族肿瘤史、HR-HPV感染种类、HPV16/18感染、TCT检测结果、转化区类型、宫颈管搔刮术(endocervical curettage,ECC)结果、病变级别、是否累及腺体与宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性是否相关。同时,对79例进一步行子宫切除术者分析切缘阳性及上述相关因素与术后病变残留的关系。结果:术后切缘阳性与TCT检测结果、转化区类型、病变级别、是否累及腺体、ECC结果有关(P<0.05),其中MIC、累及腺体、3型转化区及ECC阳性是宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。此外,宫颈病变残留与切缘状态及病变级别有关(P=0.001;P=0.038),切缘阳性是子宫切除术后病变残留的独立危险因素(P=0.002)。结论:重视宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性的危险因素,指导临床个体化干预,是降低切缘阳性和病变残留的重要措施。     

妊娠合并地中海贫血的产科管理

妊娠合并地中海贫血（thalassemia）是一种发生在妊娠期的单基因组遗传的溶血性疾病。由于血液中血红蛋白的组成比例失衡,妊娠合并地中海贫血患者血液系统发生了改变,可能会影响母体的心脏功能,增加血栓形成风险,损害免疫系统,使内分泌系统紊乱等。以往研究关注妊娠合并地中海贫血的流行病学及发病机制,缺乏对其所带来的并发症的妊娠期管理、遗传咨询及产前诊断的系统性阐述。从病变类型和发病机制入手,深度剖析地中海贫血在妊娠期的特有并发症及相应的处理方式,以期能取得更好的妊娠结局及围生儿结局。     

不同手术方式治疗慢性肛裂疗效评价的网状Meta分析

目的评价不同手术方式治疗慢性肛裂的效果。 方法通过计算机检索传统肛裂切除术、纵切横缝法、改良纵切横缝术、肛裂切除术+外括约肌切开术、肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术5种手术治疗慢性肛裂的国内外临床研究，采用Stata13及GeMTC软件对其治愈率和并发症发生率进行传统Meta分析和网状Meta分析。 结果共纳入21项临床研究2 430例患者。网状Meta分析显示肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术和肛裂切除术+外括约肌切开术的治愈率均高于传统肛裂切除术，OR值分别为2.27（95%CI=1.14~4.36）、3.26（95%CI=1.67~6.75）。在并发症的发生率方面，纵切横缝术、传统肛裂切除术排前两位，肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术最低。 结论在5种常见的慢性肛裂手术方式中，肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术的疗效和并发症发生均优于传统肛裂切除术、纵切横缝法、改良纵切横缝术、肛裂切除术+外括约肌切开术。     

全髋关节置换术中静滴氨甲环酸联合置换后放置或不放置引流管的对比

背景:全髋关节置换后放置引流管的目的在于引流出髋部积聚的血液,以加速患者康复。但由于术中已静脉滴入氨甲环酸,并可产生确切的减少失血的效果,术后常规放置引流管是否仍有必要?目的:探讨在全髋关节置换术中静滴氨甲环酸止血的基础上术后是否需要放置引流管。方法:选择2017年6月至2019年3月山西医科大学第二医院收治的初次单侧全髋关节置换患者132例,术中均静脉滴注氨甲环酸,其中62例全髋关节置换后放置引流管(引流组),70例全髋关节置换后不放置引流管(无引流组)。比较两组术后失血量、输血率、输血量、血红蛋白值及并发症发生情况;比较术后两组患者平均住院时间;术后随访髋关节Harris评分。试验获得山西医科大学第二医院伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:①两组术后失血量、输血率、输血量与血红蛋白值比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);②引流组4例发生双下肢深静脉血栓,无引流组2例发生双下肢深静脉血栓,组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);③引流组出现了3例渗血渗液、3例感染、2例肿胀瘀斑,无引流组出现了1例渗血渗液、1例肿胀瘀斑,两组切口并发症比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④引流组平均住院时间长于无引流组(P<0.05);⑤两组术后1,3,6个月的髋关节Harris评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑥结果表明,全髋关节置换术中静滴止血药物氨甲环酸后无需进行引流管放置。     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效观察

目的:观察柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁的临床疗效。方法:将94例失眠患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各47例,对照组采用氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗,治疗组采用柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗,两组均连续治疗6周后判定临床疗效,比较两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分及Barthel指数(BI)变化。结果:两组患者治疗后HAMD评分较本组治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),BI评分较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后HAMD评分低于对照组(P<0.05),BI评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后中医证候积分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者中医证候积分差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁可改善患者抑郁症状。     

破裂前交通动脉瘤术后患者认知功能及预后的临床研究

目的研究破裂前交通动脉瘤手术治疗后患者的认知功能及预后情况。 方法回顾性分析山西医科大学第一医院神经外科自2015年3月至2017年6月连续收治的94例破裂前交通动脉瘤患者的临床资料，应用认知功能电话问卷修订版及工具性日常生活能力量表、改良Rankin量表评价术后患者的认知功能及预后。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析术后患者认知功能与预后的影响因素。 结果67例患者完成了术后认知功能及预后的随访评价。单因素分析：Hunt-Hess分级、文化程度是术后患者认知功能的影响因素（P<0.05）；Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher分级、年龄、文化程度是患者预后的影响因素（P<0.05）。进一步行多因素分析，高文化程度是术后患者认知功能的独立影响因素（OR=0.073，95%CI：0.008~0.638，P=0.018）。 结论高文化程度是术后患者认知功能的独立影响因素，且是保护因素。